Bacterial enteritis and the development of the larval digestive tract in olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus (Temminck & Schlegel)     

Kim DH  Han HJ  Kim SM  Lee DC  Park SI 《Journal of fish diseases》2004,27(9):497-505

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Effects of graded levels of standard soybean meal on intestinal structure, mucosal enzyme activities, and pancreatic response in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.)   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6  

Å. Krogdahl  A.M. Bakke-McKellep  & G. Baeverfjord 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2003,9(6):361-371

Duplicate tanks of c.280 g Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) were fed for 60 days on diets in which fishmeal was substituted with graded levels of extracted soybean meal (SBM) comprising 0%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% or 35% of total protein. The effects on feed intake, growth, feed conversion, apparent digestibility and utilization of macronutrients and energy, pathohistological response of the distal intestine (DI), activities of digestive enzymes in the mid and distal intestinal mucosa, and faecal trypsin and plasma insulin concentrations were studied. A negative, dose‐dependent effect of SBM was observed on nearly all performance parameters with a notable exception of feed intake. The lowest SBM inclusion level of 10% resulted in moderate pathohistological changes in the DI. Each subsequent increase in SBM level increased the number of fish displaying severe changes. In contrast to the mid‐intestine (MI), all enzyme activities in the distal intestinal mucosa decreased dose‐dependently with increasing SBM inclusion. Faecal trypsin increased up to an SBM inclusion level of 20% and then levelled off. Plasma insulin increased from 0% to 15% SBM inclusion and then decreased. The results suggest that caution should be exercised in the use of even low levels of extracted SBM in salmon feeds.  相似文献   

鸭肠炎病毒囊膜糖蛋白gE基因序列分析及真核表达载体的构建   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

文晶亮  夏业才 《中国兽药杂志》2014,48(5):5-10

为探索鸭肠炎病毒（DEV）囊膜糖蛋白gE基因的相关特性和功能,应用PCR扩增了DEV的gE基因,全长1473bp,编码490个氨基酸,其中1～22位氨基酸为信号肽。gE基因与国内分离强毒CHv株、国内疫苗株同源性均为100％,与德国分离强毒2085株同源性达到99％,显示其高度保守。将gE基因完整开放阅读框（gE）和去信号肽的gE基因（gE’）分别克隆至真核表达载体pCDNA3．1．获得重组质粒pCDNA3．1-gE、pCDNA3．1-gE,然后应用脂质体法转染vero细胞。RT—PCR扩增证实gE、gE’均在细胞内进行了转录,而间接免疫荧光试验证实只有gE’基因在veto细胞中获得了表达,h研究gE蛋白的功能及研制鸭瘟抗体检测试剂盒奠定了基础。  相似文献   

Preface   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Dhama K  Chauhan RS  Mahendran M  Malik SV 《Veterinary research communications》2009,33(1):1-23

Rotavirus diarrhea is the major cause of death of millions of children in developing countries besides causing economically significant malady in neonates of many domestic animals. In neonates, the infection is non-viremic, have very short incubation period, and manifests profuse diarrhea and severe dehydration. Concurrent infection with secondary pathogens may augment the disease severity. Diarrhea occurs due to virus-mediated destruction of absorption efficient enterocytes, activation of enteric nervous system, or due to a rotavirus enterotoxin. Diagnosis of the infection relies on conventional techniques like isolation in MA 104 cell lines, electron microscopy, electro-pherotyping, and various serological tests. Presently, diagnosis and molecular typing is performed using serotype specific RT-PCR, sequencing or genomic hybridization techniques. As the rotaviruses are known to exhibit extreme genetic diversity and outplay disinfection procedures, eradication of the pathogen is often difficult. Hence, for prevention, good management practices coupled with vaccination of dam for protecting young ones, has to be practiced. Recently, new generation prophylactic strategies including DNA vaccines, subunit vaccines, virus-like particles (VLPs) and edible vaccines have been found to induce sufficient levels of passive immunity. Aside to the infection in animals, zoonotic significance of the animal rotaviruses has to be further unearthed. In this review, efforts have been made to highlight the importance and prevalence of the disease in bovines, its pathogenesis along with preventive measures, salient features of rotaviruses and their inter-species transmission abilities, zoonotic implications, and a concise account of the infection in various domestic animals and poultry.  相似文献   

Immunohistochemical detection and localization of new type gosling viral enteritis virus in paraformaldehyde-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue     

Shun Chen  Anchun Cheng  Mingshu Wang  Dekang Zhu  Qihui Luo  Fei Liu  Xiaoyue Chen 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2009,130(3-4):226-235

To determine the distribution and localization of new type gosling viral enteritis virus (NGVEV) in paraformaldehyde-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues of experimentally infected goslings, for the first time, an immunohistochemical (IHC) staining method was reported. Anti-NGVEV polyclonal serum was obtained from the rabbits immunized with purified NGVEV antigen, which was extracted by caprylic-ammonium sulphate method and purified through High-Q columns anion exchange chromatography. Three-day-old NGVEV-free goslings were orally inoculated with NGVEV-CN strain suspension as infection group and phosphate buffered saline solution (PBS) as control group, respectively. The tissues were collected at sequential time points between 0.5 and 720 h post inoculation (PI), and prepared for IHC staining and ultra-structural observation. The positive immunoreactivity could be readily detected in the lymphoid and gastrointestinal organs of infected goslings as early as 48 h PI, in the liver, kidney, pancreas and myocardium from 72 h, and in the cerebrum and cerebellum from 96 h, while it was hardly detected in the respiratory organs at any time. The positive staining reaction could be detected in NGVEV-infected goslings until 600 h PI, and no positive staining cell could be observed in the controls. The highest levels of viral antigen were found in the bursa of Fabricius (BF), thymus, proventriculus, gizzard and intestine tract, moreover, the liver, kidney, spleen, myocardium and pancreas were intensively and widely stained. The target cells had a ubiquitous distribution, especially included the epithelial cells, endothelial cells, superficial and crypt mucosal cells, glandular cells, fibrocytes, macrophages and lymphocytes, which served as the principal sites for antigen localization. The ultra-structural observation by transmission electron microscope (TEM) further indicated that NGVEV particles could be widely detected in the lymphoid and digestive organs of infected goslings from 72 h PI onwards. This work may be useful not only for offering a possibility of routine diagnosis of NGVE, but also for better understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease.  相似文献   

TNBS诱导的草鱼肠炎模型     

赵杰  卜云璇  柳昭君  侍苗苗  徐逍  宋学宏 《水产学报》2014,38(4):560-569

通过建立草鱼肠道炎症模型,为经济鱼类炎症性肠病发病机理研究及药物筛选提供实验平台。于水温28℃条件下,从草鱼肛门插管注入0.25 mL浓度为2.5%的三硝基苯磺酸(TNBS)50%乙醇溶液,诱发草鱼肠炎,注入等体积0.7%生理盐水作为对照,观察草鱼机体损伤程度、肠道组织病理,分析不同肠段组织内髓过氧化物酶(MPO)活性及IL-1β、IL-8和TNF-α等炎性相关基因表达量。病理观察结果显示,实验期间实验鱼未出现死亡现象,经TNBS诱导后出现较严重的肠道炎症,肠灌TNBS后1 d,草鱼肠粘膜严重充血溃烂,肠道组织中出现大量炎性细胞浸润;3 d后出现腹水,损伤部位招募大量炎性细胞,溃疡开始愈合;7 d后炎性细胞逐渐减少,出现杯状细胞,呈慢性炎症;14 d时腹水减少,肠粘膜中杯状细胞丰富,21 d仅有少量炎性细胞,肠道组织基本恢复正常。TNBS诱导后1 d,MPO活性极显著升高,3 d后明显下降,至第7天趋于正常,与组织病理变化趋势一致。TNBS致炎后第1天,IL-1β、IL-8和TNF-α等炎性相关基因表达量极显著升高,3 d时开始下降,3~14 d表达量略高于对照组,急性炎症转为轻微的慢性炎症,21 d时基本恢复到正常水平。结果还显示,不同肠段间的炎症反应存在差异,第三、四肠段明显较第一、二肠段严重。本研究构建的草鱼TNBS肠炎模型稳定,可作为鱼类肠炎病理机制研究和新型药物筛选的良好工具。  相似文献   

Soybean meal-induced enteritis in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) at different temperatures     

P.A. URÁN  J.W. SCHRAMA  J.H.W.M. ROMBOUT  A. OBACH  L. JENSEN  W. KOPPE  & J.A.J. VERRETH 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2008,14(4):324-330

This study evaluates the effect of temperature on the development of intestinal disorders when Atlantic salmon are fed soybean meal (SBM). In this study 20% of the dietary fishmeal was replaced by solvent-extracted Hipro SBM. Atlantic salmon reared at two different water temperatures (8 °C and 12 °C), were fed a control diet and an experimental diet for 20 days. Samples were taken at days 7 and 20. The extent of the morphological changes was assessed using a semi-quantitative scoring system developed for this purpose. The study demonstrates that enteritis is affected by temperature. The intestinal disorders were more severe in fish reared at 12 °C compared with those reared at 8 °C. It can be concluded from this study that temperature changes the speed but not the type of SBM-induced enteritis expressed as a delay on the response when Atlantic salmon are kept at lower temperatures.  相似文献   

Serum lipase activity in young dogs with acute enteritis or gastroenteritis     

Rallis TS  Koutinas AF  Kritsepi M  Moraitou KT 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》1996,25(2):65-68

Blood serum lipase activity was determined in 48 young dogs with acute enteritis or gastroenteritis due to canine parvovirus (16 Cases) and presumably to other infectious agents (32 cases). Elevated serum lipase activity (> 500 U/L) was found in 13 dogs (27.1 %) with values ranging from 800 to 2,780 U/L. The hyperlipasemia of these cases may be attributed to acute pancreatitis secondary to acute gastroenteritis or to gastrointestinal upset.  相似文献   

雏鹅新型病毒性肠炎病毒的分离、鉴定及病原特性的研究   总被引：11，自引：3，他引：11  

程安春 《畜牧兽医学报》2000,31(6):548-556

利用原代鸭胚成纤维细胞培养及蚀斑克隆技术从具有典型渗出性、坏死性病变的雏鹅新型病毒性肠炎（NGVE）病例的实质器官和肠道内容物中分离到26株病毒。经鉴定,26株病毒的中和性抗原是一致的。病毒（NGVEV）呈球形或椭圆形,无囊膜,直径70－90nm。不凝集鸡、鸭、鹅、鸽、黄牛、水牛及猪的红细胞。对氯仿处理1－3次不敏感。病毒于－15℃和0 ℃至少可以分别保存36和20个月;于37℃45d45℃48h、56℃5h、60℃1h不影响地细胞的致病变能力和对雏鹅的致病性;于80℃5min和煮沸（96℃）10s可以使病毒失活。病毒经药物抑制法和酶消化法均鉴定其核酸类型为DNA。在CsCl中浮密度为1．32g/cm^3.pH1．0和PH10．0处理1h可使病毒失活pH2．0和9．0可使病毒滴度有所下降,PH3．00－8．0对病毒的感染性没有影响。NGVEV与鸭瘟病毒和小鹅瘟病毒没有中和抗原相关性。分离和病毒通过滴鼻、点眼、皮下注射、肌肉注射、口服等途径人工感染均可复制出与临床表现一致的病例,其中口服最佳感染途径。根据分离到的病毒特性,这种病毒为一种雏鹅新的腺病毒。  相似文献   

进境奶牛隔离检疫期间出血性肠炎的诊疗     

李建  刘文斌  高逢结  袁进 《动物医学进展》2009,30(7):125-126

2008年12月,我国某国际贸易公司从澳大利亚通过空运进口一批奶牛,在国内隔离检疫初期,数10头奶牛发生腹泻,其中最严重的20多头为出血性腹泻。根据临床症状、病理剖检,结合流行病学调查及病因分析,诊断为急性出血性结肠炎。经采取综合防治措施后,病情得到有效控制,牛群恢复健康。  相似文献