Nutritional management of gastric ulceration          下载免费PDF全文

F. M. Andrews  C. Larson  P. Harris 《Equine Veterinary Education》2017,29(1):45-55

Gastric ulcers are common in horses and equine gastric ulcer syndrome describes ulcers in the distal oesophagus, nonglandular and glandular stomach as well as the proximal duodenum. Ulcers in the distal oesophagus and nonglandular region of the stomach are probably caused by hydrochloric acid, whereas ulcers in the glandular stomach and proximal duodenum are likely to be caused by a breakdown in the mucosal defence mechanisms. Regardless of the location of ulcers, initial treatment with pharmacological agents is necessary to suppress hydrochloric acid; however, nutrition and management changes are required to maintain ulcer healing and help prevent recurrence. In addition, many dietary supplements have been marketed to help maintain stomach health and some scientific data on their effects on gastric ulcer scores and gastric juice pH are presented.  相似文献   

Intestinal metaplasia -the effect of Acid on the gastric mucosa and gastric carcinogenesis-     

Watanabe H 《Journal of toxicologic pathology》2010,23(3):115-123

This review concerns stem cells and their relation to intestinal metaplasia. When gastric regions of mice, Mongolian gerbils or several strains of rats were irradiated with a total dose of 20 Gy of X-rays given in two fractions, intestinal metaplasia was only induced in rats. In addition, it was greatly influenced by rat strain and sex. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) positive metaplastic foci were increased by administration of ranitidine (H(2) receptor antagonist), crude stomach antigens or subtotal resection of the fundus and decreased by cysteamine (gastric acid secretion stimulator), histamine or removal of the submandibular glands. Recent studies have shown that Cdx2 transgenic mice with gastric achlorhydria develop intestinal metaplasia and that in men and animals, Helicobacterpylori (H. pyrlori) infection can cause intestinal metaplasias that are reversible on eradication. Our results combined with findings for H. pylori infection or eradication and transgenic mice suggest that an elevation in the pH of the gastric juice due to disappearance of parietal cells is one of the principal factors for development of reversible intestinal metaplasia. When different organs were transplanted into the stomach or duodenum, they were found to transdifferentiate into gastric or duodenal mucosae, respectively. Organ-specific stem cells in normal non-liver tissues (heart, kidney, brain and skin) also differentiate into hepatocytes when transplanted into an injured liver. Therefore, stem cells have a multipotential ability, transdifferentiating into different organs when transplanted into different environments. Finally, intestinal metaplasia has been found to possibly increase sensitivity to the induction of tumors by colon carcinogens of the 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH), azoxymethane (AOM) or 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4.5-b]pyridine (PhIP) type. This carcinogenic process, however, may be relatively minor compared with the main gastric carcinogenesis process induced by N-methy1-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MMNG) or N-methylnitrosourea (MNU), which is not affected by the presence of intestinal metaplasia. The protocol used in these experiments may provide a new approach to help distinguish between developmental events associated with intestinal metaplasia and gastric tumors.  相似文献   

中医健脾养胃法在胃癌治疗中的应用探讨          下载免费PDF全文

汤汇涓  舒鹏 《勤云标准版测试》2016,36(4):42-44

中医认为健脾养胃是中医治疗胃癌的治疗大法,该文通过查阅文献,总结分析大量临床观察实验,认为健脾养胃法可以扩大手术适应证,提高手术成功率,利于术后恢复,预防复发转移;减轻放、化疗不良反应,提高放、化疗疗效;改善晚期患者生活质量,延长生命等,当贯穿胃癌治疗始终。  相似文献   

俄罗斯鲟幼鱼的胃排空特征及其数学模型     

张涛  李伟杰  庄平  章龙珍  侯俊利  杨刚  宋志明 《海洋渔业》2015,37(2):151-155

研究了俄罗斯鲟(Acipenser gueldenstaedtii)幼鱼饱食后胃内容物重量的变化特征,并确定其最优数学模型。在实验室内23℃条件下,分别测定了体质量(10.47±2.03)g的俄罗斯鲟幼鱼饱食后0、2、4、6、8、10、12、14、16、20、24、28 h胃内容物的湿重,并用线性模型、指数模型和平方根模型3种数学模型拟合了俄罗斯鲟幼鱼的胃排空率。结果表明,3种模型都能很好地拟合实验数据,但三者之间的相关系数(R2)、残差平方和(RSS)残差的标准差(SDR)仍存在明显差异。胃排空率用平方根模型拟合得最好,方程为Y0.5=1.912-0.066t(R2=0.988,P0.001);根据平方根模型,胃内饲料在饱食投喂后18 h左右完全排空,达到投喂前水平,80%胃排空时间为15 h,即投喂后大约15 h俄罗斯鲟幼鱼可恢复食欲。  相似文献   

The effect of experimental inhibition of gastric acid secretion on curd formation in abomasum and weight gain of calves     

Keiji OKADA  Kazue YAJIMA  Takamichi OHBA  Tamako MIYAZAKI  Takenori ORIHASHI  Shigeru SATO  Jun YASUDA 《Animal Science Journal》2010,81(1):89-93

Eight Holstein bull calves were divided into two groups; a non-treated control group and a famotidine treated group. Fresh milk was fed twice a day. The experiment was conducted between 7 and 14 days of age. During the experimental period the control group was injected with physiological saline, and the famotidine group was injected with famotidine, a histamine-H2-receptor blocker, into the jugular vein 30 minutes prior to each feeding. The control group showed maximum curd formation 2 h after feeding at both 7 and 14 days of age. Curd scores of 7-day-old and 14-day-old calves were significantly lower in the famotidine than in the control group at 2 and 4 h after feeding. Most fecal samples from the famotidine group exhibited an acidic smell. The famotidine group showed significantly lower values for both average weight gain and the rate of weight gain from 7 to 14 days of age. The inhibition of gastric acid secretion decreased curd formation in the abomasum as well as daily weight gain compared to non-treated control calves. This suggested that curd formation in the abomasum is important for the weight gain of newborn calves.  相似文献   

ASSESSMENT OF BARIUM IMPREGNATED POLYETHYLENE SPHERES (BIPS®) AS A MEASURE OF SOLID-PHASE GASTRIC EMPTYING IN NORMAL DOGS-COMPARISON TO SCINTIGRAPHY     

Nola V.  Lester  BVMS  Gregory D.  Roberts  DVM  MS  Susan M.  Newell  DVM  MS  John P.  Graham  MVB  MSC  Christine S.  Hartless  M.Stat. 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》1999,40(5):465-471

Barium impregnated polyethylene spheres (BIPS) are radiopaque markers used for investigation of a variety of gastrointestinal disorders. One proposed use of the small (1.5 mm) marker is quantitative assessment of solid-phase gastric emptying, which may offer a simple, inexpensive alternative to nuclear medicine studies. In this study the rate and pattern of gastric emptying of a radiolabeled meal containing 30 small BIPS was evaluated in normal dogs by simultaneous comparison of the radiopaque marker method and a scintigraphic method. Serial scintigraphic images and radiographs were obtained for 8 hours or until 95% of the markers had left the stomach. Emptying curves were constructed and statistical analyses performed. There were significant differences in gastric emptying times and lag phase characteristics between the BIPS and scintigraphic studies. These results indicate that in normal dogs there are differences in both the rate and the pattern of solid-phase gastric emptying of a radiolabeled meal as assessed by scintigraphy and the gastric emptying of small BIPS.  相似文献   

Five- versus seven-day dosing intervals of extended-release injectable omeprazole in the treatment of equine squamous and glandular gastric disease     

Tania Sundra  Erin Kelty  David Rendle 《Equine veterinary journal》2024,56(1):51-58

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Ultrasonographic evaluation of the effects of azithromycin on antral motility and gastric emptying in healthy cats     

Stephanie Rutherford  Frederic Gaschen  Roman Husnik  Jon Fletcher  Lorrie Gaschen 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2022,36(2):508

BackgroundErythromycin, a macrolide antibiotic with motilin agonist properties, shortens gastric emptying (GE) time in healthy cats. Azithromycin, another macrolide antibiotic, is effective for treatment of gastric paresis in people.ObjectivesTo evaluate the effects of azithromycin on GE and gastric motility in healthy cats in comparison with erythromycin (positive control) and placebo.AnimalsEight healthy purpose‐bred cats.MethodsProspective, blinded, crossover study. Cats received either azithromycin (3.5 mg/kg PO q24h), erythromycin (1 mg/kg PO q8h), or placebo for 24 hours before and during evaluation of GE. A validated method using ultrasound for sequential measurements of antral area as well as amplitude and frequency of contractions was used to assess GE and evaluate gastric antral motility postprandially over an 8‐hour period.ResultsGE was significantly faster (P < .05) after administration of azithromycin and erythromycin when compared to placebo in the late phase of fractional emptying from 75% (mean ± SD: 327 ± 51 minutes, 327 ± 22 minutes, and 367 ± 29 minutes, respectively), to 95% fractional emptying (399 ± 52 minutes, 404 ± 11 minutes, and 444 ± 24 minutes, respectively). The drugs had no significant effect on antral motility variables at any time point.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceAzithromycin and erythromycin shorten GE time in a comparable manner in healthy cats. Evaluation of their efficacy in cats with gastric dysmotility is warranted.  相似文献   

Therapeutics for Equine Gastric Ulcer Syndrome     

《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice》2017,33(1):141-162

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THE EFFECT OF INTRAVENOUS DIAZEPAM ON SOLID PHASE GASTRIC EMPTYING IN NORMAL CATS   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Phillip F.  Steyn  BVSc  MRCVS  MS  David  Twedt  DVM  Wanda  Toombs  CVT 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》1997,38(6):469-473

Intravenous diazepam has been advocated as an appetite stimulant in anorexic cats. Diazepam has also been used to stimulate the intake of radiographic contrast medium-food mixture to determine the gastric emptying time of a solid meal. Diazepam has been suspected to delay gastric emptying in cats. One study found diazepam combined with Valium to have little effect on gastric transit times in cats while diazepam alone accelerates gastric emptying in humans. The purpose of this study was to determine if diazepam influences gastric emptying times in normal cats. The gastric emptying half-time of solid food in normal, non-diazepam treated cats has been previously determined using a scintigraphic technique using ^99mTc-sulfur colloid to radiolabel solid dry food. The median gastric emptying half-time was 2.3 hours and the mean meal size was 16.1 grams. Gastric emptying half-times were determined in this study using diazepam as an appetite stimulant. The median gastric emptying half-times of diazepam tratment groups given both a 16.1 gram meal and a large meal were both significantly longer than the normal non-treated group (P c 0.05). Solid phase gastric emptying is therefore significantly delayed when diazepam is used as an appetite stimulant, irrespective of the volume of the meal.  相似文献