思茅松毛虫成虫肠道细菌多样性     

李选文  熊智  王金华  周艺萍  熊忠平 《新疆农业科学》2022,59(9):2276-2287

【目的】 研究野外采集的思茅松毛虫（Dendrolimu kikuchii）成虫的肠道细菌多样性,为思茅松毛虫的防治和云南松（Pinus yunnanensis）等树木的保护奠定基础。【方法】 分别提取思茅松毛虫雄蛾和雌蛾的肠道总DNA,基于Illumina NovaSeq（PE250）平台运用高通量技术对肠道细菌16S rDNA基因V3~V4区进行测序和分析,分析雄虫和雌虫的肠道菌群的结构多样性。【结果】 从思茅松毛虫成虫中共获得1 278个操作分类单元（OTUs）,涵盖28个门75个纲173个目296个科550个属。在门水平上,雄蛾和雌蛾的优势菌为变形菌门（Proteobacteria,雌81.27%/雄81.17%）;在科水平上,雄蛾的优势菌科是鞘脂单胞菌科（Sphingomonadaceae,49.16%）和丛毛单胞菌科（Comamonadaceae,19.09%）,雌蛾的优势菌科是欧文氏菌科（Erwiniaceae,34.09%）和丛毛单胞菌科（Comamonadaceae,16.68%）;在属水平上,雄蛾的优势菌属是鞘氨醇单胞菌属（Sphingomonas,48.09%）,雌蛾的优势菌属是泛生菌属（Pantoea,31.58%）。思茅松毛虫雌蛾肠道细菌的物种多样性比雄蛾丰富。雄蛾肠道中丰度差异显著性最高的菌群为α-变形菌纲（Alphaproteobacteria）,雌蛾肠道中丰度差异显著性最高的菌群为γ-变形杆菌纲（Gammaproteobacteria）。【结论】 思茅松毛虫成虫肠道具有丰富的细菌资源。  相似文献   

苦参碱不同给药途径对小鼠肠道菌群的影响     

曹志刚  王弘  张华  孙盼盼  孙耀贵  范阔海  尹伟  李宏全  孙娜 《中国农业大学学报》2021,26(7):69-77

为探究苦参碱灌胃和腹腔注射不同给药途径对肠道菌群的影响,将昆明小鼠随机分为4组,分别为生理盐水腹腔注射组(NCip)、生理盐水灌胃组(NCig)、苦参碱腹腔注射组(MTip)及苦参碱灌胃组(MTig),连续给药5d后,收集各组粪便,进行小鼠肠道微生物α多样性指数分析和β多样性分析,利用LEfSe和Metastats分析不同组间肠道菌群的差异。结果表明:灌胃和腹腔注射苦参碱的不同给药方式对小鼠肠道菌群的α多样性指数及β多样性的影响差异不显著(P0.05);LEfSe分析发现,与灌胃苦参碱相比,腹腔注射苦参碱组的小鼠肠道有益菌拟杆菌目(Bacteroidales)、调节机体代谢的另枝菌属(Alistipes)丰度显著增加(P0.05);Metastats分析发现,与灌胃苦参碱相比,苦参碱腹腔注射组的小鼠肠道与结肠炎相关的脱硫弧菌属(Desulfovibrio)、[Eubacterium]_fissicatena_group丰度显著降低(P0.05)。综上,不同给药途径会引起肠道菌群的差异,相比于灌胃给予苦参碱,通过腹腔注射给予苦参碱更有利于优化肠道菌群的结构及功能。  相似文献   

生物活性肽调节断奶仔猪肠道健康     

唐沐阳 《现代农业科技》2021,23(23)

断奶是养猪业中最具挑战性的阶段,对仔猪生长性能及之后的发育有着重要的影响。断奶对仔猪的肠道发育和健康带来了极大的挑战,可能会导致采食量减少、生长速率降低、发病率和死亡率增加。采取有效的营养策略可改善仔猪肠道健康和最大限度地提高断奶仔猪的产量。本文综述了生物活性肽通过仔猪肠道免疫、肠道微生物稳态及肠-脑轴的调节仔猪肠道健康,为加深生物活性肽的开发和利用提供参考。  相似文献   

Satiation effects in piscivore prey size selection     

H. Turesson  C. Brönmark  A. Wolf 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2006,15(1):78-85

Abstract –  We present a functional response model that primarily evaluates effects of satiation in piscivore prey-size selection. The model also includes other passive processes, such as prey-size-dependent encounter rate and prey-size-dependent capture success, where capture success decreases and encounter rate increases with prey size. The model generates a wide variety of outcomes, where small, intermediate or large prey is positively selected for. These very different selectivity patterns are generated without any active prey choice included in the model. The results stress the importance of controlling for satiation and other passive processes in empirical studies on prey-size selection, especially if the aim is to test active prey choice in piscivores.  相似文献   

Comparative WSSV infection routes in the shrimp genera Marsupenaeus and Palaemon     

Di Leonardo VA  Bonnichon V  Roch P  Parrinello N  Bonami JR 《Journal of fish diseases》2005,28(9):565-569

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Influence of dietary feathers on the fecal microbiota in captive Arctic fox: Do dietary hair or feathers play a role in the evolution of carnivorous mammals?     

Liang ZHANG  Shuhui YANG  Yanchun XU  Thomas D. DAHMER 《Integrative zoology》2014,9(5):583-589

Hair and feathers are composed of keratin and are indigestible, inalimental and unpalatable for carnivores. However, carnivores often ingest hair and feathers during feeding or when grooming. We hypothesized that ingestion of hair and feathers changes species diversity and relative abundance of bacteria in the gut of carnivores. To test this hypothesis, we added disinfected poultry down feathers to the normal diet of captive Arctic foxes (Alopex lagopus). We then used fluorescently labeled terminal restriction fragments (T‐RFs) to examine changes in fecal bacterial diversity and abundance. The results showed that the number of bacterial species increased significantly after feather ingestion, but that total abundance was unchanged. This demonstrated that addition of disinfected feathers to the diet stimulated increased production among less abundant bacteria, resulting in a balancing of relative abundance of different bacterial species, or that some newly‐ingested microbial species would colonize the gut because a suitable microhabitat had become available. This implies that the overall production of bacterial metabolites would be made up of a greater range of substances after feather ingestion. On one hand, the host's immune response would be more diverse, increasing the capacity of the immune system to regulate gut microflora. On the other hand, the animal's physiological performance would also be affected. For wild animals, such altered physiological traits would be subjected to natural selection, and, hence, persistent geographic differences in the character of ingested feathers or fur would drive speciation.  相似文献   

Clonal Spread of Salmonella enterica Serovar Infantis in Serbia: Acquisition of Mutations in the Topoisomerase Genes gyrA and parC Leads to Increased Resistance to Fluoroquinolones     

M. Velhner  G. Kozoderović  E. Grego  N. Galić  I. Stojanov  Z. Jelesić  C. Kehrenberg 《Zoonoses and public health》2014,61(5):364-370

Quinolone‐resistant Salmonella Infantis (n = 64) isolated from human stool samples, food and poultry during the years 2006–2011 were analysed for their resistance phenotypes, macrorestriction patterns and molecular mechanisms of decreased susceptibility to fluoroquinolones. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of nalidixic acid (NAL) and ciprofloxacin (CIP) were determined by the agar dilution procedure, and the susceptibility to additional antimicrobial agents was determined by the disc diffusion method. To assess the influence of enhanced efflux activity, MICs were determined in the presence and absence of the inhibitor PAβN. The results of pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) typing revealed that quinolone‐resistant S. Infantis in Serbia had similar or indistinguishable PFGE profiles, suggesting a clonal spread. All S. Infantis showed combined resistance to NAL and tetracycline, whereas multiple drug resistance to three or more antibiotic classes was rare (2 isolates of human origin). The MICs ranged between 512 and 1024 μg/mL for NAL and 0.125–2 μg/mL for CIP. A single‐point mutation in the gene gyrA leading to a Ser83→Tyr exchange was detected in all isolates, and a second exchange (Ser80→Arg) in the gene parC was only present in eight S. Infantis isolates exhibiting slightly higher MICs of CIP (2 μg/mL). The inhibitor PAβN decreased the MIC values of CIP by two dilution steps and of NAL by at minimum 3–6 dilution steps, indicating that enhanced efflux plays an important role in quinolone resistance in these isolates. The plasmid‐mediated genes qnr, aac(6′)‐lb‐cr and qepA were not detected by PCR assays.  相似文献   

食品微生物学实验课教学改革初探     

唐玲  张孝刚 《安徽农学通报》2014,(14):136-138

根据学校特点和食品微生物学实验课程的需要,为培养学生实际操作能力、创新能力以及综合能力,从实验大纲、教学方式和考核方式几个方面提出了食品微生物学实验教学改革的思路和建议。  相似文献   

微生物学课程教学改革措施及成效     

张继英 《现代农业科技》2014,(12):318-319

介绍了信阳农林学院对微生物学理论及实验教学进行的改革措施,包括改进教学手段与方法、考试方式改革及教学信息反馈、创新实验设计、注重实践与校企互动培养创新型人才模式、开展教研室活动等,并分析了以上教学措施对提高学生学习的积极性、主动性及综合素质方面的显著效果。  相似文献   

电子束辐照对小麦储藏抑菌及加工品质的影响   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

黄曼  胡碧君  吴新莲  温其标 《农业工程学报》2010,26(2):342-346

该文研究了不同剂量电子束辐照对储藏小麦微生物菌落的抑制作用,以及辐照后对小麦主要储藏指标与加工品质的影响。试验结果表明,电子束辐照对储藏小麦菌落总数有明显的抑制作用（P＜0.01）,且辐照剂量越高菌落总数越低;不同剂量辐照后,对所有霉菌属的抑制效果均达极显著水平（P＜0.01）。经0～5.1 kGy剂量辐照后,小麦感官及基本营养成分没有太大变化;面团流变学特性表明,除稳定时间和断裂时间随着剂量的增加略增外,评价值与弱化度呈负相关,其他吸水率、形成时间的变化并不十分明显;但高剂量照射使其面筋指数、α-淀粉酶活性迅速降低,经5.1 kGy剂量辐照的比未经辐照的小麦降落数值下降了56.12%。馒头制品品尝评分也随着辐照剂量的增大而降低。  相似文献