大型铜冶炼厂周边农田区大气重金属沉降特征研究     

陶美娟  ;周静  ;梁家妮  ;崔红标  ;徐磊  ;祝振球 《农业环境保护》2014,(7):1328-1334

为探索铜冶炼厂周边农田区大气重金属沉降的时空变异特征,以冶炼厂为中心,四周等距离均匀分设8个监测点,于2012年5月至2013年4月,根据酸沉降检测技术规范,采收大气干湿沉降混合样品,利用原子吸收分光光度法分析样品中cu、cd、Pb、zn、cr含量,计算各监测点所代表区域各类重金属沉降通量。结果显示,研究区重金属cu、cd、Pb、zn、cr的年沉降通量分别为638、6．56、70．0、225、22．7mg·m^-1·a^-1。五种重金属沉降量具有一定的时间变化特征,其中cd、zn和cr的月际间变化显著（P〈O．05,n=96）,Pb、zn、cr季节间变化显著（P〈O．05,n=32）,而cu无显著的月间或季间变化。空间上,cu、cd、Pb年沉降通量有极显著性差异（P〈0．Ol,n=8）,以铜冶炼厂西南方向的九牛岗监测点最高,而zn和cr则无显著性差异。  相似文献   

Zinc exposure has differential effects on uptake and metabolism of sulfur and nitrogen in Chinese cabbage          下载免费PDF全文

C. Elisabeth E. Stuiver  Freek S. Posthumus  Saroj Parmar  Muhammad Shahbaz  Malcolm J. Hawkesford  Luit J. De Kok 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2014,177(5):748-757

Zinc (Zn) is a plant nutrient; however, at elevated levels it rapidly becomes phytotoxic. In order to obtain insight into the physiological background of its toxicity, the impact of elevated Zn²⁺ concentrations (1 to 10 μM) in the root environment on physiological functioning of Chinese cabbage was studied. Exposure of Chinese cabbage (Brassica pekinensis) to elevated Zn²⁺ concentrations (≥ 5 μM) in the root environment resulted in leaf chlorosis and decreased biomass production. The Zn concentrations of the root and shoot increased with the Zn²⁺ concentration up to 68‐fold and 14‐fold, respectively, at 10 μM compared to the control. The concentrations of the other mineral nutrients of the shoot were hardly affected by elevated Zn²⁺ exposure, although in the root both the Cu and Fe concentrations were increased at ≥ 5 µM, whereas the Mn concentration was decreased and the Ca concentration strongly decreased at 10 µM Zn²⁺. The uptake and metabolism of sulfur and nitrogen were differentially affected at ≥ 5 µM Zn²⁺. Zn²⁺ exposure resulted in an increase of sulfate uptake and the activity of the sulfate transporters in the root, and in enhanced total sulfur concentration of the shoot, which could be ascribed partially to an accumulation of sulfate. Moreover, Zn²⁺ exposure resulted in an up to 6.5‐fold increase in water‐soluble non‐protein thiol (and cysteine) concentration of the root. However, nitrate uptake by the root and the nitrate and total nitrogen concentrations of the shoot were decreased upon Zn²⁺ exposure, demonstrating the absence of a mutual regulation of the uptake and metabolism of sulfur and nitrogen at toxic Zn levels. Evidently, elevated Zn²⁺ concentrations in the root environment did not only disturb the uptake, distribution and assimilation of sulfate, it also affected the uptake and metabolism of nitrate in Chinese cabbage.  相似文献   

我国当前农产品产地土壤重金属污染形势及检测技术分析     

李斌  赵春江 《农业环境与发展》2013,(5)

从农产品产地环境监测出发,针对农田土壤重金属污染问题,通过追踪一系列重金属污染事件报道,指出了进行农产品产地土壤重金属检测的重要意义;在综述现有重金属含量常规及新的检测方法基础上,分析了各自的优缺点,并针对农产品产地土壤重金属含量的检测问题,进行了现有各种重金属检测手段的对比分析,提出了目前农产品产地土壤重金属含量检测中面临的主要问题,为今后农产品产地环境中土壤重金属参数获取技术和低成本快速检测装备平台的研究和开发提供参考。  相似文献   

大庆龙凤湿地土壤重金属空间分布特征   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

陈雪龙  齐艳萍  吴海燕  王忠伟  郭丽 《水土保持研究》2013,20(4)

对大庆龙凤湿地土壤Cu,Cr,Cd,Zn,Pb和As六种重金属元素的空间分布特征进行了研究.结果表明:湿地土壤表土层(0-10 cm)Cu,Cr,Cd,Zn,Pb和As在水平分布上的变化较大,除Cr和Zn外,Cu,Cd,Pb和As含量均低于松嫩平原土壤重金属含量平均值;在土壤剖面中,Cu,Cr,Cd和As都随着土层深度的增加逐渐减少,而Pb和Zn则是先增加后减少,这与区域内土壤的理化性质、成母土质、岩石风化及淋溶作用有极大的关系.Cu,Cd,Zn,Pb,As五种重金属元素之间,除Cu和As间相关关系不显著外,其余各重金属元素之间均呈极显著的正相关关系,而Cr只与Cu呈显著正相关,与其他各重金属元素之间均未表现出显著的相关性,由此推测Cu,Cd,Zn,Pb,As元素的来源可能相同,且具有一定的共生组合性,而Cr则受湿地周边复杂环境及人为随机因素的影响较大.  相似文献   

设施蔬菜生产系统重金属积累特征及生态效应   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  

陈永  黄标  胡文友  杨岚钦  毛明翠 《土壤学报》2013,50(4):693-702

研究土壤重金属的空间变异特征,可以揭示人为活动对土壤中重金属积累特征的影响,进而为土壤利用、污染风险评价提供重要的基础资料.选取南京市郊区一处典型的设施蔬菜生产系统为研究对象,测定了土壤、灌溉用水、肥料、蔬菜等介质中重金属砷(As)、镉(Cd)、铜(Cu)、汞(Hg)、铅(Pb)、锌(Zn)含量,研究了土壤中重金属的空间变异及积累特征,分析了积累产生的原因,讨论了系统中作物的重金属积累效应.结果表明:(1)与露天蔬菜地相比,设施蔬菜地土壤重金属Cu、Hg、Pb、Zn均产生明显的累积,且土壤中Cu、Hg、Pb平均含量超过温室蔬菜产地环境质量评价标准.(2)农用投入品的大量输入对土壤性质的空间变异产生了明显影响,而土壤Cu、Hg、Pb、Zn也呈现与之一致的空间变异特征,且这些元素与土壤性质存在显著相关性.(3)土壤性质的变化和重金属的积累对叶菜类作物重金属吸收影响较大,且前者更为重要.  相似文献   

典型煤矿工业园区土壤重金属污染评价   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3  

李玲  高畅  董洋洋  李珊珊  王艳 《土壤通报》2013,(1):227-231

随着工业化进程的加快,一些农业用地转为工业用地,土地用途的转变可能会影响周围土壤的质量。该研究以河南省东部某煤矿工业园区为对象,分成不同小区采集土壤样品,分析工业园区内表层土壤的Hg、Cd、Zn、As、Pb、Cr六种重金属含量及污染评价,并同时与周边土壤重金属含量进行比较,分析可能造成土壤环境污染的因子。结果表明,根据土壤环境质量标准,工业园区域内土壤污染指数小于0.7,土壤清洁;但与周边土壤比较存在污染的风险,潜在重金属威胁主要表现为Hg,其他重金属污染风险趋势为Cd>Zn>As>Pb>Cr;在空间分布上,除Cr外,随着与工业园区距离的加大,其他五种重金属其含量有降低的趋势;同时根据结果提出合理土壤污染防控建议。  相似文献   

重庆市土壤重金属污染的功能分异评价     

李真熠  赵超凡  杨志敏  陈玉成 《农业环境与发展》2013,(4)

在重庆市旱作粮地、稻田土壤、蔬菜基地、植烟土壤、果园土壤、茶园土壤、淹没区土壤和主城区土壤8种功能类型的土壤上采集了1076个土壤样品,分析了As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Ni、Pb、Zn等8种重金属赋存量,并采用富集系数、内梅罗指数、地质累积指数和潜在生态危害指数4种方法评价其重金属污染状况。结果表明,重庆市土壤优先控制的重金属元素为Cd、Hg,优先控制的功能类型土壤为主城区街道土壤、植烟土壤和旱作粮地。  相似文献   

The Characterization of Heavy Metals in the Grapevine (Vitis vinifera) Cultivar Rkatsiteli and Wild Blackberry (Rubus fruticosus) from East Serbia by ICP-OES and BAFs     

Slađana Č. Alagić  Snežana B. Tošić  Mile D. Dimitrijević  Jelena V. Petrović  Dragana V. Medić 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2016,47(17):2034-2045

Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy, in combination with calculation of various biological factors, was used in this study not only for a simple illustration of the present status of some essential and non-essential metals such as copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), arsenic (As), and cadmium (Cd) in the grapevine cultivar Rkatsiteli and wild blackberry from East Serbia but also for the estimation of plant bioaccumulation potentials. Great majority of detected metal concentrations were in normal ranges except in few cases: Zn concentrations were at the level of deficiency in almost all plant parts, and some Cu and As concentrations were at the levels that could be considered phytotoxic. Biological accumulation factors provided very informative data on metal accumulation and translocation in both plants and pointed to low accumulation rates of metals except in the case of Cu, Zn, and As in some wild blackberry tissues.  相似文献   

Bioavailability of zinc and lead from a contaminated soil amended with pine bark-goat manure compost     

E. M. Gichangi  P. N. S. Mnkeni 《Journal of plant nutrition》2016,39(5):600-608

The distribution in soil and plant uptake of zinc (Zn) and lead (Pb) as influenced by pine bark-goat manure (PBG) compost additions were investigated from the soils artificially contaminated with Zn or Pb ions using maize (Zea mays L.) as a test crop. Soils were amended with four rates of pine bark-goat manure compost (0, 50, 100, and 200 tons ha^?1) and four rates (0, 300, 600 and 1200 mg kg^?1) of Zn or Pb. Maize was planted and grown for 42 days. At harvest, plants samples were analyzed for Zn and Pb concentration. Soils samples were analyzed for pH, extractable and diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA) extractable Zn and Pb. Extractable Zn and Pb was lower in PBG compost amended soils than in unamended soils and steadily declined with increasing amount of compost applied. The extractable fraction for Zn dropped by 62.2, 65.0 and 44.6% for 300, 600 and 1200 mg Zn kg^?1, respectively when 200 t ha^?1 of PBG compost was applied. Metal uptake by maize plants were directly related to the rate of applied heavy metal ions with greater concentrations of metals ions found where metal ions were added to non-amended soils.  相似文献   

配施硫基肥对夏玉米镉铅累积的阻控效应   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

孙洪欣  薛培英  赵全利  冯宇佳  耿丽平  陈苗苗  刘文菊 《农业工程学报》2017,33(1):182-189

该文以府河流域污灌区农田为研究对象,通过田间小区试验研究了5种施肥措施对土壤重金属镉(Cd)、铅(Pb)有效性以及夏玉米(Zea mays L.)对Cd、Pb富集和转运能力的影响。结果表明:与农民常规施肥(CK)相比,尿素、磷酸二铵和氯化钾配施(N-P-K)以及腐殖酸复合肥、尿素和磷酸二铵配施(HA-N-P)的表层土壤Cd、Pb有效性以及夏玉米对Cd、Pb的富集和迁移能力差异均不显著(P0.05)。然而,腐殖酸复合肥、硫酸铵和磷酸二铵配施(HA-S-P)以及硫酸铵、磷酸二铵和硫酸钾配施(S-P-K)2种施肥措施的表层土壤有效Cd含量分别比CK降低了10.60%和6.36%,表层土壤有效Pb含量分别比CK降低了11.49%和6.00%。此外,HA-S-P处理和S-P-K处理夏玉米Pb转运系数分别比CK降低了50.33%和77.10%,且夏玉米籽粒Pb含量分别比CK降低了59.75%和80.43%(P0.05),但各处理间夏玉米对Cd的转运和富集能力差异并不显著,这说明施用硫基肥可有效抑制夏玉米对Pb的富集和转运,但并未影响其对Cd的富集和转运。综上所述,该污灌区轻度Cd、Pb复合污染农田土壤种植夏玉米建议硫酸铵、磷酸二铵和硫酸钾配施,或者腐殖酸复合肥、硫酸铵和磷酸二铵配施。  相似文献