河南林业发展现状与可持续发展战略研究     

杨海蛟 《河南农业大学学报》2006,40(5):498-502

阐述了“十五”期间河南林业的发展现状,指出了林业资源总量不足、质量不高、林业产业发展薄弱等存在问题,并根据其发展目标及可持续发展的理论要求,提出了可持续发展策略.  相似文献   

Primary productivity in patches of heterogeneous swards after 12 years of low-intensity cattle grazing     

Dorothee Ebeling  Bettina Tonn  Johannes Isselstein 《Grass and Forage Science》2020,75(4):398-408

In low-intensity grazing systems, patch grazing leads to a mosaic structure of short (frequently defoliated) and tall (rarely defoliated) patches, with the stocking rate determining the proportion of these patch types on the pasture. Little is known about the long-term effects of patch grazing on the productivity of contrasting sward height patches developed under varying stocking rates. On a 12-year low-intensity cattle pasture we investigated aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) and its seasonal variation in different patch types (‘short’, ‘medium’ and ‘tall’) under three stocking rates (‘moderate’, ‘lenient’ and ‘very lenient’) over two years. Additionally, we determined stocks of soil phosphorus, potassium and magnesium as well as soil pH. ANPP was affected by an interaction of patch type and stocking rate and ranged from less than 300 g/m² in short patches under very lenient stocking to more than 1,000 g/m² in medium patches under moderate stocking. In contrast with observations at the start of the experiment, ANPP in short patches was similar to or less than that in medium and tall patches. As topsoil phosphorus and potassium stocks were lowest in short patches, this indicates a long-term redistribution of nutrients by grazing animals, which limits short-patch productivity. Productivity of medium patches increased with stocking rate, and soil potassium concentration showed a similar trend, pointing towards enhanced nutrient cycling under more intensive stocking. We conclude that nutrient redistribution may lead to increasing trade-offs between ecological and agronomic aims in long-term low-intensity grazing systems.  相似文献   

A proposal for enhanced EU herbage VCU and DUS testing procedures     

Trevor J. Gilliland  Paolo Annicchiarico  Bernadette Julier  Marc Ghesquière 《Grass and Forage Science》2020,75(3):227-241

Herbage production is regarded as having environment-friendly credentials. However, as the ruminant production it supports is facing major challenges on sustainability, environmental footprint and human health concerns, EU herbage cultivar testing must contribute to the solutions. Before new cultivars can be sold in a member state (MS) and gain EU-wide marketing, they must pass official tests to prove they are both novel (distinct, uniform and stable, DUS) with improved value for cultivation and use (VCU). Herbage species present specific challenges, as their allogamy imposes a wide within-cultivar variation that adds complexity to DUS tests and their “value” is only realized in ruminant produce. Current VCU systems measure production, chemical composition and disease/stress tolerances, often on large numbers of candidate cultivars, but prohibitive labour costs and logistics mean that animal intake, ruminant output or environmental benefits cannot be measured directly. Furthermore, some candidate cultivars with proven superior VCU fail DUS even though the non-distinct comparison is with a significantly lower performing registered cultivar. To resolve these problem cases, a “vmDUS” distinctness tool is proposed, which uses molecular markers but conforms to UPOV-declared principles. A short overview of current grassland research shows smart proxy measures of animal value can easily and quickly be adopted into an integrated pan-European (EU-VCU) test network. The proposed EU-VCU scheme will reallocate test resources to conduct these additional tests by placing MS in data sharing collaborations, while retaining their national listing authority. The benefits to all stakeholders from adopting these new testing procedures are considered.  相似文献   

黑龙江省水稻产业现状分析及未来发展思路     

高世伟  聂守军  刘晴  刘宇强  常汇琳  马成  刘宝海  王翠玲  许佳莹  徐明岩  门龙楠  孙中华  宗天鹏  杨广益  史淑春  熊琰 《中国稻米》2020,(2):104-106

对黑龙江省水稻产业发展现状进行了小结,并针对黑龙江省水稻生产过程中存在问题提出了相应的对策。具体对策如下:有针对性的选育适于不同生态区域的优质、抗逆水稻新品种,并对新品种的轻简高效配套栽培技术进行研究;适时开展水稻直播关键技术集成与应用,及开展秸秆还田技术研究;开展稻米精加工技术研究。  相似文献   

广东省桉树人工林发展现状与可持续发展对策   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

吴琼辉  张浩 《广东林业科技》2006,22(3):133-136

文章介绍了广东省桉树人工林发展现状,阐述了发展的优势及潜力,分析了发展中存在的问题,并提出了今后桉树人工林可持续发展对策。  相似文献   

驱动式圆盘犁的现状与发展     

方文熙  朱亨银 《福建农林大学学报(自然科学版)》1998,(3)

驱动式圆盘犁是８０年代出现的一种新型、高效、节能的耕地机具．本文介绍了驱动式圆盘犁的国内外研制情况与水平,并对市场前景作了分析,提出在国内进一步开发有关驱动式圆盘犁产品的建议．研究结果可供驱动式圆盘犁产品设计和制造部门参考．  相似文献   

沽源县动物检疫工作的现状、存在问题与对策   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张莉蔷 《河北北方学院学报(自然科学版)》2007,23(1):46-48

沽源县的动物检疫工作起步较早,在屠宰检疫、提高人员素质上取得了可喜的成绩,但产地检疫、机构设置等方面相对薄弱,因此,今后要从强化监督管理、改革机构设置、仪器设备到位着手,改变当前的被动局面.  相似文献   

三峡库区紫色土坡耕地草本地埂植物根系分布及抗拉力学特征   总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1  

周萍  文安邦  严冬春  史忠林  龙翼 《水土保持通报》2017,37(3):1-6,14

[目的]探究三峡库区紫色土坡耕地3种草本地埂植物根系分布及抗拉特征,为揭示地埂植物根系固结地埂提供理论依据和数据支持。[方法]以三峡库区自然恢复的蓑草、人工种植的韭菜和蚕豆这3种草本地埂植物根系为研究对象,对比分析其根系在不同地埂土壤深度的分布规律及根系抗拉特性。[结果](1)在0—40cm深度土壤中3种草本地埂植物根系直径变化表现出:蚕豆根系韭菜根系蓑草根系。3种草本地埂植物根系直径与地埂土壤的土层深度间服从指数函数关系。(2)在0—40cm地埂土层深度范围内,韭菜根系生物量与蓑草根系和蚕豆根系生物量之间存在显著性差异(p0.05),韭菜和蚕豆地埂植物根系生物量随土层深度的增加而逐渐减小,蓑草地埂植物根系生物量随土层深度的增加先增加后减小。(3)3种草本地埂植物根系的单根平均抗拉力次序为蚕豆根系(10.53N)蓑草根系(6.03N)韭菜根系(4.51N),3种地埂植物根系单根抗拉力与根径呈幂函数关系(p0.05)。3种地埂植物根系的抗拉强度表现为蓑草根系(45.91 MPa)蚕豆根系(18.02MPa)韭菜根系(12.20 MPa)。(4)3种草本地埂植物根系黏聚力变化顺序为:蓑草根系(0.013 1kPa)蚕豆根系(0.009 4kPa)韭菜根系(0.005 5kPa)且3种地埂植物根系黏聚力与土层深度呈指数函数关系(p0.01)。[结论]自然恢复的蓑草地埂在三峡库区较其他两种人工种植的地埂植物有更好的固结地埂效果,从而有效控制坡面土壤侵蚀和水土流失。草本植物固结地埂可为三峡库区坡耕地治理提供新思路。  相似文献   

地下水监测研究进展   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

戴长雷  迟宝明 《水土保持研究》2005,12(2):86-88

地下水监测是加强地下水管理和保护、实施水资源优化配置和合理调度的重要基础。作者在查阅大量相关文献的基础上,分析了地下水监测网规划现状及其发展趋势,提出地下水监测系统的概念并抽象出其逻辑模型,为地下水监测理论研究提供了科学依据。  相似文献   

吐鲁番市设施农业发展现状及对策     

王岩平 《农业工程学报》2005,21(Z2):227-228

经过多年的发展,吐鲁番市设施农业发展已初具规模,取得了明显成效,并积累了一定的经验,但目前还存在投入不足、规模小、缺乏品牌产品、产中、产后服务不到位等问题,致使整体经济效益还未充分显现出来.该文针对存在的问题进行分析和研究,提出吐鲁番市今后要以科技创新和提高服务质量为突破口,以基地建设和市场体系建设为基础,以抓产品质量效益为重点的设施农业发展对策.  相似文献