Cucumis metuliferus is resistant to root‐knot nematode Mi1.2 gene (a)virulent isolates and a promising melon rootstock          下载免费PDF全文

A. Expósito  M. Munera  A. Giné  M. López‐Gómez  A. Cáceres  B. Picó  C. Gisbert  V. Medina  F. J. Sorribas 《Plant pathology》2018,67(5):1161-1167

Pot experiments were carried out to characterize the response of two Cucumis metuliferus accessions (BGV11135 and BGV10762) against Mi1.2 gene (a)virulent Meloidogyne arenaria, M. incognita and M. javanica isolates and to determine the compatibility and the effect on physicochemical properties of fruit melons. In addition, histopathological studies were conducted. One week after transplanting, plants were inoculated with one J2 cm^?3 of sterilized sand (200 cm³ pots) and maintained in a growth chamber at 25 °C for 40 days. The susceptible cucumber cv. Dasher II or melon cv. Paloma were included for comparison. The number of egg masses and number of eggs per plant were assessed, and the reproduction index (RI) was calculated as the percentage of eggs produced on the C. metuliferus accessions compared to those produced on the susceptible cultivars. The compatibility and fruit quality were assessed by grafting three scions, two of Charentais type and one of type piel de sapo, under commercial greenhouse conditions. The resistance level of both C. metuliferus accessions ranged from highly resistant (RI < 1%) to resistant (1% ≤ RI ≤ 10%) irrespective of Meloidogyne isolates. Melon plants grafted onto C. metuliferus accession BGV11135 grew as self‐grafted plants without negatively impacting fruit quality traits. Giant cells induced by Meloidogyne spp. on C. metuliferus were in general poorly developed compared to those on cucumber. Furthermore, necrotic areas surrounding the nematode were observed. Cucumis metuliferus accession BGV11135 could be a promising melon rootstock to manage Meloidogyne spp., irrespective of their Mi1.2 (a)virulence, without melon fruit quality reduction.  相似文献   

中华绒螯蟹“水瘪子”病超微病理和病理生理研究     

杨宗英  曾柳根  王玉兰  姚毅  侯玉洁  雷小青  许亮清  熊春贤  杨先乐 《浙江农业学报》2018,30(7):1137

采用透射电镜技术和生化分析等方法,对患“水瘪子”病病蟹的超微病理和病理生理进行研究。超微结构观察表明,病蟹肝胰腺、鳃、肌肉等组织细胞发生了不同程度的病变,主要表现为肝细胞变性、坏死,脂滴锐减,微绒毛肿胀、断裂,细胞内线粒体肿胀,内嵴紊乱、减少甚至消失形成空泡,内质网扩张或断裂为片层状结构;鳃上皮细胞角质膜变薄,细胞核异染色质化,角质层面伸出的指状突起破裂消失,上皮细胞顶膜形成的微绒毛杂乱、断裂甚至消失,角质膜下空腔增大,线粒体畸变,数量减少,内嵴减少,形成空泡,溶酶体数量增多,并与空泡和空泡化的线粒体形成自噬体,严重病变的鳃上皮细胞中出现细菌颗粒,未见包涵体等病毒样颗粒;肌肉的病变主要是肌纤维松弛、断裂,肌质网溶解消失或者形成小泡,线粒体数量减少、体积变小,细胞核固缩且边缘化。病理生理分析结果显示,病蟹血淋巴中血糖含量和谷草转氨酶活力显著高于健康蟹,碱性磷酸酶和谷丙转氨酶活力极显著高于健康蟹,甘油三酯的含量极显著低于健康蟹;病蟹肝胰腺中肝糖原含量极显著低于健康蟹,碱性磷酸酶和酸性磷酸酶活力显著低于健康蟹。  相似文献   

Long‐term epidemiological survey of Kudoa thyrsites (Myxozoa) in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) from commercial aquaculture farms          下载免费PDF全文

W L Marshall  A Sitjà‐Bobadilla  H M Brown  T MacWilliam  Z Richmond  H Lamson  D B Morrison  L O B Afonso 《Journal of fish diseases》2016,39(8):929-946

Kudoa thyrsites (Myxozoa) encysts within myocytes of a variety of fishes. While infected fish appear unharmed, parasite‐derived enzymes degrade the flesh post‐mortem. In regions of British Columbia (BC), Canada, up to 4–7% of fillets can be affected, thus having economic consequences and impacting the competitiveness of BC's farms. K. thyrsites was monitored in two farms having high (HP) or low (LP) historical infection prevalence. At each farm, 30 fish were sampled monthly for blood and muscle during the first year followed by nine samplings during year two. Prevalence and intensity were measured by PCR and histology of muscle samples. In parallel, fillet tests were used to quantify myoliquefaction. Infections were detected by PCR after 355 and 509 degree days at LP and HP farms, respectively. Prevalence reached 100% at the HP farm by 2265 degree days and declined during the second year, whereas it plateaued near 50% at the LP farm. Infection intensities decreased after 1 year at both farms. Blood was PCR‐positive at both farms between 778 and 1113 degree days and again after 2000 degree days. This is the first monitoring project in a production environment and compares data between farms with different prevalence.  相似文献   

高温应激下无乳链球菌感染对尼罗罗非鱼血清生化指标和组织病理的影响   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

祝璟琳  李大宇  邹芝英  肖炜  韩珏  杨弘 《水产学报》2016,40(3):445-456

为探究高水温对尼罗罗非鱼无乳链球菌病暴发的影响,以体质量为(62.0±3.33)g的尼罗罗非鱼为研究对象,设置生长最适宜组(29°C)和高温应激组(33°C)2个处理水平,暂养7 d后分别进行人工感染实验统计累计死亡率,并于攻毒后0、12、24、48、96和120 h采集血液和组织样本,开展高温应激下无乳链球菌感染对尼罗罗非鱼血清生化指标和组织病理影响的研究。结果显示,水温33°C高温应激组尼罗罗非鱼累计死亡率显著高于29°C组;谷丙转氨酶(ALT)活性在感染96 h之后33°C组的值显著高于29°C组;谷草转氨酶(AST)活性在感染48 h之后33°C组的值显著高于29°C组;钾(K+)和钠(Na+)含量感染120 h时29°C组的值和攻毒前都没有显著性差异,而33°C组分别显著高于和低于攻毒前;肌酐(CREA)含量在感染12 h以后33°C组的值都显著高于29°C组;白蛋白/球蛋白(A/G)的值在120 h时33°C组的值显著低于29°C组;血清碱性磷酸酶(AKP)活性29°C组随时间延长而升高,33°C组则先升高后降低,但33°C组的达峰时间更短;超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性的变化趋势都是先升高后降低再升高;组织病理学观察显示高温应激使肝细胞排列紊乱,索状结构不清,脾脏和肾脏轻微充血;感染12 h后脾脏均严重充血,感染24 h后脾脏结构均被破坏,呈淀粉样变性,坏死;感染48 h后肾小球均发生萎缩,肾小管上皮细胞变性、坏死;33°C组鱼的肝脏感染96 h后严重脂肪变性和细胞内玻璃样变性,而29°C组鱼的肝脏在感染120 h后才发生相似的病理变化。研究表明高温应激抑制了鱼体免疫系统,降低了尼罗罗非鱼对无乳链球菌的抵抗力,脾脏对无乳链球菌感染响应最快,高温应激使病原菌感染对肝脏损伤更为迅速,感染后期受损更严重。  相似文献   

浸泡免疫迟钝爱德华氏菌疫苗诱导牙鲆黏液细胞的动态变化     

路珍  绳秀珍  唐小千  邢婧  战文斌 《水产学报》2016,40(3):414-427

为探明鱼类黏膜相关淋巴组织中黏液细胞对疫苗免疫的应答特性,本研究利用组织学和组织化学技术,研究了浸泡免疫灭活迟钝爱德华氏菌前后牙鲆皮肤、鳃、前肠、中肠和后肠中黏液细胞数量和特性的时序变化。苏木精-曙红(HE)、阿尔新蓝-过碘酸雪夫氏(AB-PAS)染色结果显示,免疫前皮肤主要分布含中性黏多糖的Ⅰ型黏液细胞以及含中性黏多糖和少量酸性黏多糖的Ⅲ型黏液细胞,鳃中可观察到Ⅰ、Ⅲ型以及含酸性黏多糖和少量中性黏多糖的Ⅳ型黏液细胞,前肠中主要分布Ⅰ型黏液细胞,中肠、后肠上皮中可观察到Ⅰ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ型和含酸性黏多糖的Ⅱ型黏液细胞。免疫后,牙鲆黏膜免疫相关淋巴组织中黏液细胞总量随时间呈现先增多后减少趋势,后肠在第5天达到峰值,其他于第3天达到峰值;免疫后各组织中Ⅰ型黏液细胞数量减少,含酸性黏多糖成分的Ⅱ、Ⅲ及Ⅳ型黏液细胞数量显著增多,表明疫苗免疫诱导黏液细胞成分由中性黏多糖向酸性黏多糖转变。p H 2.5和p H 1.0条件下AB染色结果显示,免疫后黏膜相关淋巴组织中酸性黏液细胞数量增多,且多数为硫酸化酸性黏液细胞。本研究结果为鱼类黏液的免疫防御功能及黏液细胞在鱼类黏膜免疫中的作用提供了理论依据。  相似文献   

辽宁一例凡纳滨对虾大规模死亡的病原研究     

姚洪  张吉鹏  杨川  张利娟  朴元植  刘月芬  叶仕根  李华 《大连海洋大学学报》2016,(3):256-260

为对辽宁省盘锦地区2014年出现的大规模死亡凡纳滨对虾Litopenaeus vannamei展开病原研究,对死虾进行了白斑综合征病毒(WSSV)、桃拉病毒(TSV)、传染性皮下及造血组织坏死病病毒(IHHNV)和嗜水气单胞菌Aeromonas hydrophila的分析鉴定,提取病虾鳃组织DNA/RNA后,以特异性引物进行WSSV、TSV和IHHNV病毒检测,通过16S r DNA测序及嗜水气单胞菌特异性引物和气溶素基因的双重PCR对分离菌株QD1进行分类鉴定,并对病虾的鳃、胃、肝胰腺和附肢进行了组织病理切片观察。结果表明:患病对虾WSSV和TSV检测呈阳性;菌株QD1为嗜水气单胞菌,其人工回归感染试验结果显示,分离菌株能使健康凡纳滨对虾致病死亡;组织病理学观察显示,病虾鳃及胃组织出现大量WSSV特征性的病变核,肝胰腺上皮细胞出现严重萎缩,肝胰腺管腔变大,部分肝细胞坏死,肝胰腺管之间结缔组织中血细胞明显增多。研究表明,此次凡纳滨对虾大量死亡为WSSV和TSV两种病毒与嗜水气单胞菌混合感染所致。  相似文献   

自然感染鲤疱疹病毒Ⅱ的病毒载量研究     

姚卓凤  黄建  张俊梅  聂慧慧  郑祥海  李莉娟  吴志新  袁军法 《湖北农业科学》2016,(4):980-983

通过建立靶向于鲤疱疹病毒Ⅱ(Cyprinid herpesvirus 2,Cy HV-2)胸苷激酶基因(TK基因)的荧光定量PCR法,分别检测了自然感染Cy HV-2的金鱼、鲫样品,并结合人工感染试验,分析了脾和肾组织内Cy HV-2的载量及其引发的组织病理变化。结果表明,自然感染Cy HV-2的金鱼和鲫的病毒拷贝数范围为102~105,人工感染Cy HV-2的异育银鲫在感染后第五天脾和肾组织内病毒的拷贝数高达1010。人工感染条件下鱼体呈现系统性病理损伤,自然感染状态下鱼体脾和肾的病理变化分别表现为细胞嗜性的转变和炎症。  相似文献   

绵羊感染伪狂犬病的病理学观察与病毒分离鉴定     

齐新永  刘建  周锦萍  鞠厚斌  葛菲菲  张维谊  徐峰  沈莉萍  宁昆  王建  刘佩红 《中国畜牧兽医》2015,42(2):365-369

为了确诊1例疑似绵羊伪狂犬病病例,本试验以上海郊区某羊场发病绵羊的病料为研究对象进行了病理学观察、病毒分离和鉴定。病理组织学变化显示,发病羊大脑组织神经元发生广泛性变性、坏死并伴有嗜神经现象,神经元周围出现胶质细胞增生。病料接种BHK-21细胞,细胞出现病变,间接免疫荧光试验和荧光定量PCR检测结果证实所分离的病毒为伪狂犬病病毒。流行病学调查结果表明,绵羊伪狂犬病可能是由猪伪狂犬病病毒感染引起的。通过免疫接种猪伪狂犬病弱毒疫苗,绵羊伪狂犬病疫情得到及时控制。  相似文献   

镰刀菌毒素对断奶仔猪血清酶、肝脏抗氧化功能及组织病理学的影响     

陈宁波  张崇玉  姜淑贞  黄丽波  陈祥兴  孙建立  杨维仁 《中国畜牧兽医》2015,42(9):2384-2390

试验旨在研究镰刀菌毒素污染日粮对断奶仔猪血清酶、肝脏抗氧化功能及组织病理学的影响。选择35日龄体重为(8.45±0.94) kg的健康三元杂交(杜×长×大)断奶雌性仔猪40头,随机分为2组,每组20个重复,每个重复1头猪。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组饲喂用霉变玉米和霉变玉米蛋白粉替代基础日粮中50%的玉米和玉米蛋白粉配制而成的镰刀菌毒素污染日粮(玉米赤霉烯酮(ZEN) 0.90 mg/kg,呕吐毒素(DON) 1.43 mg/kg,烟曲霉毒素(FUM) 5.85 mg/kg)。仔猪单栏饲喂,预试期7 d,正试期35 d。结果表明:①与对照组相比,试验组断奶仔猪血清中谷草转氨酶(AST)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)和碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性均显著升高(P<0.05),肝脏相对重显著降低(P<0.05);②与对照组相比,试验组断奶仔猪血清和肝脏中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)和总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)活性均显著降低(P<0.05),而丙二醛(MDA)含量显著升高(P<0.05);③病理组织学观察发现,试验组断奶仔猪肝脏出现一定程度的组织损伤,部分肝小叶边缘发生明显的炎性细胞浸润,肝细胞发生局部空泡变性。由此可知,镰刀菌毒素污染日粮(0.90 mg/kg ZEN,1.43 mg/kg DON,5.85 mg/kg FUM)饲喂断奶仔猪可引起仔猪血清酶活性改变,肝脏抗氧化功能降低,肝脏组织出现一定程度的病理损伤,从而影响肝脏功能的发挥。  相似文献   

Piscine reovirus in wild and farmed salmonids in British Columbia,Canada: 1974–2013          下载免费PDF全文

G D Marty  D B Morrison  J Bidulka  T Joseph  A Siah 《Journal of fish diseases》2015,38(8):713-728

Piscine reovirus (PRV) was common among wild and farmed salmonids in British Columbia, western Canada, from 1987 to 2013. Salmonid tissues tested for PRV by real‐time rRT‐PCR included sections from archived paraffin blocks from 1974 to 2008 (n = 363) and fresh‐frozen hearts from 2013 (n = 916). The earliest PRV‐positive sample was from a wild‐source steelhead trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), from 1977. By histopathology (n = 404), no fish had lesions diagnostic for heart and skeletal muscle inflammation (HSMI). In some groups, lymphohistiocytic endocarditis affected a greater proportion of fish with PRV than fish without PRV, but the range of Ct values among affected fish was within the range of Ct values among unaffected fish. Also, fish with the lowest PRV Ct values (18.4–21.7) lacked endocarditis or any other consistent lesion. From 1987 to 1994, the proportion of PRV positives was not significantly different between farmed Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. (44% of 48), and wild‐source salmonids (31% of 45). In 2013, the proportion of PRV positives was not significantly different between wild coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch (Walbaum), sampled from British Columbia (5.0% of 60) or the reference region, Alaska, USA (10% of 58).  相似文献