放牧强度和放牧时间对牦牛干物质采食量及其表观消化率的影响     

董全民  赵新全 《中国草食动物》2007,27(5):12-14

垂穗披碱草/星星草混播草地3个放牧季节的牦牛放牧试验结果表明:放牧强度和放牧时间对牦牛采食量均有极显著的影响(P<0.01),在放牧期内,牦牛干物质的采食量随放牧强度的增加而减小,而且随放牧时间的延续,各放牧区牦牛的干物质采食量均在8月5-20日达到最大;放牧强度对牦牛粪干物质的影响极显著(P<0.01),而放牧时间(季节变化)对它的影响不显著(P>0.05);极轻度和轻度放牧区牦牛干物质的消化率均在7月20日-8月5日达到最大,而中度和重度放牧区均在8月20日-9月5日达到最大。  相似文献   

补饲不同品质饲草对哺乳期犊牛营养物质消化率和生长发育的影响     

王斯琴塔娜  于彦  刘晗露  吐日根白乙拉 《中国畜牧兽医》2007,34(9):5-7

选择母体体格和体况相近，犊牛健康、出生体重和体尺相近的荷斯坦公犊牛10头，随机分为2组（n=5），分别补饲玉米秸秆（CFS）和青干草(H)，通过消化试验和饲养试验，探讨了犊牛哺乳期补饲不同品质的饲草对营养物质摄入量、消化率和生长发育的影响。定量饲喂牛奶，自由采食精料和饲草。结果显示：断奶时，2组牛精料采食量基本一致；粗料采食量H组高于CFS组(554.4 g/d和172.0 g/d,P<0.01)；H组干物质采食量高于CFS组13.4%，但差异不显著(P>0.05)。H组DM和EE消化率略高于CFS组(P>0.05)。H组NDF、ADF消化率比CFS组分别提高了17.53%(P<0.01)、101.26%(P<0.01)，但总干物质、粗蛋白质等其他营养物质消化率无明显差异( P>0.05)。H组日增重比CFS组提高了8.19%（696.3 g/d和753.2 g/d，P>0.05）；胸围、胸宽增量分别提高了5.20%、78.26%，但差异均不显著（P>0.05）；体高、体长增量组间无明显差异（P>0.05）。另外，观察到补饲H的犊牛后躯发育明显优于补饲CFS。结果表明：哺乳期间补饲青干草，可提高断奶时犊牛干物质采食量和营养物质消化率，特别是纤维性物质的摄入和消化；有利于小母牛更早、更多地利用粗饲料，有利于其向乳用方向发育。  相似文献   

棉籽饼粕在水产养殖中的应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王裕玉  杨雨虹  刘大森 《中国饲料》2011,(2)

本文综述了水生动物对棉籽饼粕的应用情况及影响水生动物对棉籽饼粕利用的制约因素.  相似文献   

Protein quality of larval feed with increased concentration of hydrolysed protein: effects of heat treatment and leaching     

A. NORDGREEN  S. TONHEIM  & K. HAMRE 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2009,15(5):525-536

Four heat coagulated early weaning diets with increasing concentrations of pepsin hydrolysed protein, were investigated with regard to the change in protein quality during feed production and exposure to leaching. Water-soluble N, trichloroacetic acid-soluble N and amino acid (AA) profiles were determined in finished diets and in diets leached for 6 min. In vitro diet digestibility was measured and related to increasing inclusion of hydrolysed protein and N leakage. Seventeen to 47% of soluble N in the feed ingredients was made insoluble by heat denaturation during feed production, but the concentration of peptides and free amino acids (FAA) were not influenced. All peptides/FAA and 70–80% of water-soluble protein were lost after exposure to leaching. Increased inclusion of hydrolysed protein increased the loss of crude protein (15–30%). All taurine and 30% of histidine was lost during leaching, no other major changes in AA profile were found. There was no difference in digestibility between diets exposed to leaching. However, leached diets showed reduced digestibility as compared to diets that had not been exposed to leaching. In conclusion micro-bound type diets as used in this study have a low efficiency in delivering soluble N to fish larvae and should be carefully considered for this purpose.  相似文献   

猪日粮有效磷水平对氮磷排放的影响     

WU Xin 《家畜生态》2007,(5)

本研究采用4×4拉丁方设计,选用4头52kg左右的健康三元杂交阉公猪(杜×长×大),以玉米—豆粕型基础日粮(不添加磷酸氢钙,日粮1)为对照,试验日粮分别添加磷酸氢钙0.12%(日粮2)、0.24%(日粮3)和0.36%(日粮4),相应的日粮有效磷(AP)水平分别为0.13%、0.15%、0.17%和0.19%。每期试验12d,预饲期5d,正试期3d,每期试验结束后有4d的恢复期。通过氮、磷平衡试验研究猪对磷、氮的利用率及其对环境的影响。结果表明:日粮1、日粮2、日粮3和日粮4的磷真消化率分别为53.00%、53.78%、65.19%和68.09%;粪磷的排泄量随食入磷量的减少而降低,氮的排泄量与氮表观消化率受日粮磷水平的影响不显著(P>0.05);综合评价,磷酸氢钙的添加水平为0.12%～0.24%的效果较好,即AP在0.15%～0.17%之间,在不影响猪氮、磷营养需要的条件下,能有效的改善猪排泄物中氮、磷对环境的污染。  相似文献   

In vitro analyses for predicting standardised ileal digestibility of protein and amino acids in actual batches of feedstuffs and diets for pigs     

S. Boisen   《Livestock Science》2007,109(1-3):182

In vitro digestibility analyses of feedstuffs and diets are integrated in the new Danish feed evaluation system for pigs. This system is based on potential physiological energy and standardised digestible amino acids. For characterisation of the energy value of actual batches of feedstuffs and complete diets for pigs, two different in vitro methods have been developed and proved to analyse precisely the digestibility of organic matter at faecal, as well as at ileal, level in the pigs. For characterisation of the protein value in the diet, table values for standardised digestibility of amino acids from the individual feedstuffs are used for calculation of their contribution to the amino acid recommendations for the specific pig category. The results in the present paper indicate that in vitro analyses for digestibility of crude protein in feedstuffs are a reliable tool for calculation of standardised ileal digestibility of the individual amino acids. Thus, the results may question the need for future experiments with surgically modified pigs for analysing ileal digestibility of amino acids in protein sources. Alternatively, in vitro digestibility analyses appear to have a general potential for a precise evaluation of amino acid digestibility in actual batches of feedstuffs and pig diets.  相似文献   

Establishment and early growth characteristics of six Paulownia genotypes for goat browse in Raleigh, NC, USA     

J. Paul Mueller  Jean-Marie Luginbuhl  Ben A. Bergmann 《Agroforestry Systems》2001,52(1):63-72

Meat goat production in the eastern USA is increasing as a result of growing demand from various ethnic groups. Because goats naturally prefer a high proportion of browse in their diets, research was initiated to investigate various silvopastoral production systems. The genus Paulownia contains several species which exhibit rapid juvenile growth and other characteristics that justify research into their potential use in meat goat feeding systems. In May 1997, six Paulownia genotypes were planted in a randomized complete block experiment with six replications. Trees were between 6 and 12 cm in height at planting. Genotypes included: P. fortunei seedlings, P. tomentosa seedlings, P. elongata seedlings and three P. elongata clones. Each 4-m wide plot contained a single row of 12 trees with an intra-row spacing of 1 m. Plant measurements included height, root collar diameter (RCD) at 3 cm above soil surface, and the number of main branches. Leaf samples were collected from all six replications for estimates of herbage quality. During 1998, trees were browsed with goats on two occasions to assess palatability of the herbage and to determine any preference for specific genotypes by the animals. Compared with seedling trees of all three species, the three P. elongata clones were taller (clones: 79.7 cm, seedlings: 55.9 cm; P < 0.01), had larger RCDs (clones: 18.4 mm, seedlings: 13.9 mm; P < 0.01) and had a higher branching frequency (clones: 4.9, seedlings: 1.5; P < 0.01) by the end of the first growing season. Mortality averaged 4.8% across all treatments and ranged between 0 and 8%. Early in the 1998 growing season before trees were browsed, P. elongata clones grew more rapidly than seedlings (clones: 116.4 cm, seedlings: 84.1 cm; P < 0.01). Estimates of herbage quality indicated favorable concentrations of energy and protein for lamina. In vitro true dry matter disappearance ranged from 85.4 (blades) to 71.5% (petioles) and crude protein from 25.1 (blades) to 4.9% (petioles). Animals readily browsed the lamina during two separate sessions, but no clear preference trends were observed among the different Paulownia genotypes.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Genetic variation in minerals,crude protein and structural carbohydrates of foliage in provenances of young plants ofProsopis cineraria (L.) Druce in India     

S. Arya  R. P. Bisht  R. Tomar  O. P. Toky  P. J. C. Harris 《Agroforestry Systems》1995,29(1):1-7

Prosopis cineraria is an important species for aridzone agroforestry in India. Information on the chemical composition and nutritive value of the leaves of young trees that will be useful in screening the provenances, is lacking. Chemical composition (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na), crude protein, and structural carbohydrates (neutral detergent fibre, acid detergent fibre, cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin) of the foliage of one-year-old plants of 31 provenances ofProsopis cineraria were determined. The seeds were collected from 16°50 N to 29°55 N latitude and 69°49 E to 78°03 E longitude in India, and grown at Hisar (29°10 N latitude, 75°46 E longitude and 215 m altitude). Mineral contents (except N and P), crude protein, and structural carbohydrates varied significantly (p<0.05) between provenances, and the greatest amount of N, P, crude protein, NDF, ADF and lignin contents were found in Hisar provenance. The in vitro dry matter digestibility varied from 18.2% in Gandhinagar provenance to 34.0% in that of Barmer provenance.  相似文献   

Management Effects on Biomass and Foliar Nutritive Value of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Robinia pseudoacacia</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Gleditsia triacanthos</Emphasis> f. <Emphasis Type="Italic">inermis</Emphasis> in Arkansas,USA     

D?M.?BurnerEmail author  D.?H.?Pote  A.?Ares 《Agroforestry Systems》2005,65(3):207-214

The browse potential of black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) and thornless honey locust [Gleditsia triacanthos f. inermis (L.) Zabel] has not been adequately tested. Our objective was to determine effects of fertilization and pollarding on biomass and foliar nutritive value in separate studies of black locust and thornless honey locust in Arkansas, USA. Shoots were sampled monthly for two consecutive growing seasons in 2002 and 2003 to determine foliar, shoot, and total aboveground biomass, shoot basal diameter, and foliar nutritive value (crude protein and in vitro digestibility). Black locust yielded more foliar biomass when pollarded at 50 or 100 cm and fertilized with 600 kg P ha⁻¹, than at 5 cm with or without P, averaging 3.5 Mg dry matter ha⁻¹. Black locust foliar crude protein and in vitro dry matter digestibility ( ≤ 170 and 534 g kg⁻¹, respectively) decreased as leaves aged, but still met maintenance needs for beef cattle (Bos taurus L.). Thornless honey locust had little agronomic potential because of slow establishment, low foliar yield (330 kg ha⁻¹), and a 2% reversion to undesirable thorny phenotype. Black locust should be considered for livestock browse when drought induces semi-dormancy of herbaceous forages.  相似文献   

断母乳日龄对犊牛营养物质消化和血清生化指标的影响     

郭峰  屠焰  司丙文  柴建民  刁其玉 《动物营养学报》2015,(2)

本试验旨在研究不同断母乳日龄对犊牛营养物质消化和血清生化指标影响。试验选用新生红安格斯与西门塔尔杂交肉犊牛60头,根据日龄和体重随机分成5个处理,每个处理12头犊牛,公母各占1/2,试验组分别在28、42、56和70日龄进行断母乳(分别为28A、42B、56C、70D组),随后人工哺乳代乳品至90日龄;对照组( CK组)随母哺乳至150日龄。试验时间为出生至150日龄,期间测定体重(0、70、90、150日龄)和血清生化指标(70、90、150日龄)的变化。每个处理选取6头犊牛分别在断奶前(85~90日龄)和断奶后(145~150日龄)进行2期消化代谢试验。每期6 d,其中2 d预试期,4 d正试期。结果显示：1)试验全期体重各组间无显著差异(P>0.05)。2)断奶前各组犊牛营养物质消化率差异不显著(P>0.05),断奶后28A、42B组犊牛干物质消化率显著高于56C、70D组( P<0.05),有机物消化率显著高于70D组( P<0.05),其中42B组消化率略高。3)150日龄试验结束时,28A和42B组血清葡萄糖、总蛋白、甘油三酯、尿素氮、胆固醇、结合珠蛋白、白细胞介素-2、胰岛素样生长因子-1、免疫球蛋白M含量与CK组相比差异不显著( P>0.05),血清免疫球蛋白G、免疫球蛋白A含量分别显著低于、高于CK组( P<0.05),其中42B组略高。由此可见,红安格斯与西门塔尔杂交肉犊牛的断母乳时间以42日龄较为适宜。  相似文献