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11.
M. Cervantes R. Gómez S. Fierro M. A. Barrera A. Morales B. A. Araiza R. T. Zijlstra J. E. Sánchez W. C. Sauer 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2011,95(2):179-186
The effects of phytase supplementation on the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of amino acids (AA) have been inconsistent. Two experiments evaluated the effect of providing a mixture of pancreatic enzymes (Pancreatin®) to growing pigs fed sorghum–soybean meal diets supplemented with phytase on the AID of AA, energy, and phosphorus (P), as well as the ileal digestibility (ID) of phytate; there were four periods per experiment. In Experiment 1, eight pigs (BW 22.1 ± 1.3 kg) were fitted with a T‐cannula at the distal ileum. Each period consisted of 9 days; 7 days for diet adaptation, and 2 days for digesta collection. Treatments (T) were: (i) basal sorghum–soybean meal diet, (ii) basal diet plus Pancreatin®, (iii) basal diet plus phytase and (iv) basal diet plus phytase and Pancreatin®. Phytase increased the digestibilities of phytate and P (p < 0.001), but did not affect the AID of AA and energy (p > 0.10). Except for methionine (p = 0.07), Pancreatin® did not affect the AID of AA. Phytase and Pancreatin® did not interact (p > 0.10). Experiment 2 was similar to Experiment 1, but Pancreatin® was infused into duodenum. Pancreatin® infusion did not affect the AID of AA (p > 0.10); and tended to reduce (p = 0.09) the AID of lysine. Phytase × Pancreatin® interactions were not observed (p > 0.10). In conclusion, phytase and Pancreatin® did not improve the AID of AA in growing pigs fed sorghum–soybean meal diets indicating that phytates did not affect AA digestibility. 相似文献
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本研究旨在评定8种不同来源菜籽饼粕对生长猪的氨基酸回肠消化率。选取初始体重相近(33.21±1.56)kg、在回肠末端安装简单T-型瘘管并恢复良好的DLY生长阉公猪12头,随机分配到2个6×6拉丁方试验中,每个拉丁方均含1个无氮饲粮、1个基础饲粮和4个试验饲粮处理。试验共6期,每期7 d,前5 d为适应期,后2 d收集回肠食糜。结果表明:除蛋氨酸外,不同来源菜籽饼粕中其他氨基酸回肠表观(标准)消化率差异显著(P<0.05)。赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、苏氨酸和色氨酸4种限制性氨基酸回肠表观消化率变化范围依次为41.73%~60.19%、69.35%~76.90%、50.72%~61.37%和52.49%~68.14%;回肠标准消化率变化范围依次为48.65%~66.14%、73.85%~81.15%、57.42%~67.67%和57.10%~73.04%。总之,菜籽粕中绝大部分氨基酸回肠表观(标准)消化率显著高于菜籽饼。 相似文献
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本试验利用体外消化试验筛选出3种纤维素酶的最优组合,采用消化代谢试验来确定所筛选的纤维素组合酶在2个品种猪纤维性饲粮中的适宜添加量.试验以酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)为评定指标,以地瓜蔓为粗纤维来源,配制3.8％ ADF和5.8％ ADF的2种纤维水平的饲粮.分别选取5头体重[(25±1) kg]相近、健康去势的烟台黑猪和杜×鲁烟白杂交猪,于回肠末端安装T型瘘管,设5个最优纤维素组合酶添加量:0(对照组)、0.05％、0.10％、0.15％、0.20％,采用5×5拉丁方设计进行消化代谢试验.结果表明:在5.8％ ADF水平饲粮中,与对照组相比,纤维素组合酶添加量分别为0.10％和0.15％时,对2个品种猪养分消化率以及氮平衡的影响达到了显著水平(P＜0.05),但在3.8％ ADF水平饲粮中差异不显著(P＞0.05).在5.8％ ADF水平饲粮中,在纤维素组合酶添加量相同的情况下,对于必需氨基酸,蛋氨酸、缬氨酸、异亮氨酸、苯丙氨酸的回肠表观消化率烟台黑猪极显著高于杜×鲁烟白杂交猪(P＜0.01);对于非必需氨基酸,除丝氨酸和甘氨酸回肠表观消化率差异不显著(P＞0.05)外,其他氨基酸回肠表观消化率差异极显著(P＜0.01).结果提示,在5.8％ ADF水平饲粮中,烟台黑猪纤维素组合酶适宜添加量为0.10％,杜×鲁烟白杂交猪为0.15％. 相似文献
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Supplementation of broiler diets with high levels of microbial protease and phytase enables partial replacement of commercial soybean meal with raw,full‐fat soybean 
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下载免费PDF全文 M. M. Erdaw R. A. Perez‐Maldonado P. A. Iji 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2018,102(3):755-768
A 3 × 3 + 1 factorial, involving three levels of protease (0, 15,000 or 30,000 PROT/kg) and three levels of phytase (1,000, 2,000 or 3,000 FYT/kg), was used to evaluate the effect of replacing commercial soybean meal (SBM) with raw, full‐fat soybean (RFSB) at 75 g/kg of diet for broilers. A control diet was used for comparison. Each treatment was replicated six times, with nine birds per replicate. The concentration of trypsin inhibitors (TIs) in the test diets was approximately 10,193.4 TIU/kg. Regardless of enzyme supplementation, feed intake (FI) and body weight gain (BWG) of birds in the control group were superior to those on the test diets. Birds that received the protease‐free test diets had reduced FI and BWG, but when supplemented with protease, were similar to the control diet in BWG, FI (except 0–35 days) and feed conversion ratio (FCR). When the test diet was supplemented with elevated levels (extradose) of protease and phytase, the BWG was improved during 0–10 days (p = .05) and 0–24 days (p < .01). Regardless of protease supplementation, the weight of thighs was lower for birds fed the test diets. Birds that received the control diet had smaller weight of pancreas. Increasing the level of phytase supplementation reduced (p < .05) the weight of the pancreas. The apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of CP and AA was higher in birds on the control diets, but this was also improved in test diets by protease supplementation. The activities of trypsin (7%), general proteolytic (11%) and lipase (12%) were slightly increased because of protease supplementation. Mucosal depth and apparent villus surface areas were increased by about 2.9% and 20%, respectively, due to supplementation of elevated level of phytase. It can be concluded that RFSB could partially replace SBM in broiler diets, provided the diets are supplemented with elevated levels of protease and phytase. 相似文献
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S. A. Hosseini 《British poultry science》2018,59(6):669-678
ABSTRACT1. The use of chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) for the entrapment of active components has gained considerable interest in food and pharmaceutical industries due to its mucous adhesiveness, non-toxicity, biocompatibility and biodegradability.2. This study aimed to investigate the usefulness of feeding encapsulated thyme essential oil (E-TEO) on performance, blood parameters, immunity and ileal microflora in broilers.3. CNPs were prepared by using ionotropic gelation and structurally characterised by dynamic light scattering; scanning electron microscope and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The encapsulation efficiency percentage of TEO in CNPs and its in vitro release were determined using ultraviolet visible spectroscopy and dialysis method, respectively.4. An in vivo experiment was conducted with five treatments of five replicates with ten chicks per pen. Dietary treatments consisted of an unsupplemented control diet, or supplemented with chlortetracycline (80 and 50 mg/kg during the starter and grower phase, respectively); CNPs (60 mg/kg); TEO (40 mg/kg diet) or E-TEO (60 mg/kg).5. Results showed uniform distribution of nanoparticles with roughly spherical morphology, and the size of particles ranged from 30 to 100 nm. It was observed that 68.3% of TEO was encapsulated into CNPs, from which more than 90% was released within the first 96 h. Birds treated with antibiotic and E-TEO showed significantly (P < 0.05) higher body weight gain than the control and the other treatments were intermediate. Compared to the control group, adding of E-TEO into diet significantly (P < 0.05) improved feed conversion ratio at 42 days of age. Feeding birds with E-TEO significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the number of coliform and total aerobic bacteria compared to other treatments. Birds supplemented with E-TEO showed lower heterophile to lymphocyte ratio compared to birds that received TEO.6. The results suggested that the entrapment of TEO in CNPs and its sustained release promoted broiler performance via the improvement of physiological status and modulating intestinal microbiota and therefore could be used as substitute for antibiotic growth promoter in broiler diets. 相似文献
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Dietary protein level affects nutrient digestibility and ileal microbiota structure in growing pigs 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Kai Qiu Xin Zhang Ning Jiao Doudou Xu Caiyun Huang Yubo Wang Jingdong Yin 《Animal Science Journal》2018,89(3):537-546
This study aimed to determine whether dietary protein content influences pig health as indicated by ileal microbiota structure and coefficients of total tract apparent digestibility (CTTAD) of nutrients. Seventy‐two gilts, with an initial body weight of 29.9 ± 1.5 kg, were used in this 42‐day feeding study. Pigs were randomly allotted to one of three dietary treatments of corn‐soybean meal contained 14, 16 or 18% crude protein (CP). As dietary CP content decreased, the CTTAD of most essential amino acids (AAs), except for arginine and histidine, increased linearly, while those of most nonessential AAs decreased linearly. The concentration of total short‐chain fatty acids (SCFA) was higher in pigs fed the diet with 14% CP content than others. Ileal microbiota structure was changed by dietary treatments. In particular, at the phylum level, the relative abundance of Tenericutes in ileal digesta decreased as the dietary protein content reduced, while that of cyanobacteria increased. At the genus level, the relative abundance of Weeksella, Phaseolus acutifolius, Slackia, Sulfurimonas and Aerococcus showed significant differences among the three dietary treatments. In conclusion, ileal microbiota structure was changed by dietary protein content. Moderate reduction of protein intake can benefit gut health by enhancing the gut microbial fermentation and SCFA formation. 相似文献
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木聚糖酶对肉鸭生长性能及营养物质回肠消化率的影响 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
选取9日龄的仙湖三号肉鸭216只,分为6组,每组6个重复,每个重复6只,进行饲养试验。组1为对照组,组2～6为在组1的基础上分别添加150、300、450、600、750g/t木聚糖酶(木聚糖酶活性>8000U/g)。结果表明:1)木聚糖酶提高了肉鸭生长性能,与对照组相比,添加木聚糖酶组肉鸭日均增重和采食量均显著增加(P<0.05);料重比以添加量为450g/t组最低(P<0.05)。2)与对照组相比,添加木聚糖酶组均显著提高肉鸭能量与粗纤维等养分的回肠消化率(P<0.05)。3)不同添加量之间生长性能与营养物质回肠消化率均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。 相似文献
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Oluwafunmilayo Oluwanifemi Adeleye Olugbenga Adeniran Ogunwole Martha Dupe Olumide Tawakalt Temitope Ojediran 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2020,104(2):517-528
The effects of varying inclusion levels of whole grain millet in millet–soya bean-based diets on growth performance, gizzard development, digesta characteristics and nutrient digestion in broiler chicken were investigated. Starter (0–14 days) and grower (15–28 days) broiler chicken diets containing pearl millet at 500 and 540 g/kg diet, respectively, were formulated. The diets comprised of 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% of millet incorporated as whole grain. One-day-old unsexed Arbor Acres Plus chicks (n = 540) were allotted to the experimental diets in a completely randomized design with the diets and water provided ad libitum for 28 days. Each treatment was replicated seven times, and each replicate had 12 chicks. Results showed that daily live weight gain and feed conversion ratio of chickens on the whole millet grain diets compared favourably with chicken on the control in both starter and grower phases, while feed intake reduced quadratically (p < .05) with increased whole grain millet levels in the starter phase. Morphological and structural characteristics of the gizzard and small intestine and intestinal digesta pH and viscosity were also unaffected (p > .05) by whole grain millet inclusion levels. However, the weight of intact millet grain in gizzard increased linearly (p < .001) with whole grain millet inclusion in the diets. Dietary whole grain millet inclusion also consistently lowered (p < .05) jejunal and ileal maltase and sucrase activities, but did not influence (p > .05) pancreatic amylase activity. Ileal crude protein and starch digestibility increased, while ileal energy digestibility decreased significantly (p < .05) with whole grain millet inclusion. Whole grain millet inclusion in broiler starter and grower diets up to 500–540 g/kg did not negatively impact on broiler chicken performance. 相似文献
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X.F. Kong F.G. Yin Q.H. He H.J. Liu T.J. Li R.L. Huang M.Z. Fan Y.L. Liu Y.Q. Hou Peng Li Z. Ruan Z.Y. Deng M.Y. Xie H. Xiong Y.L. Yin 《Livestock Science》2009,123(2-3):261-267
The present study was conducted to determine the effects of Acanthopanax senticosus (AS) extract as a dietary additive on serum contents and apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of amino acids (AA) in weaned piglets. In Exp. 1, 60 piglets with an average body weight (BW) of 5.64 kg were randomly assigned into 3 treatment groups who received maize-soybean-based diets supplemented with 0 or 1 g/kg of AS extract or 0.2 g/kg of colistin (n = 20 in each group). Blood samples were randomly collected from 5 piglets per group on days 7, 14 and 28 after the initiation of supplementation to determine the serum contents of free AA. In Exp. 2, 12 barrows with an average initial BW of 7.64 kg were also randomly assigned into 3 dietary treatment groups after being surgically fitted with a simple T-cannula at the terminal ileum. Samples of terminal ileal digesta were collected on day 7 for analysis of the AID of AA. The data showed that the serum contents and AID of most AA in the AS extract-supplemented group gradually increased by 15.3–80.8% and 4.1–30.8%, respectively, as the experiment proceeded in comparison with the colistin-supplemented group and/or control group. In conclusion, these findings indicated that AS extract could enhance the digestion and absorption of AA, which may be a potential mechanism of growth promotion. 相似文献