Assessing the relationship between patch type and soil mites: A molecular approach     

Karen Gibb  Jennifer Beard  Peter O&#x;Reagain  Keith Christian  Valeria Torok  Kathy Ophel-Keller 《Pedobiologia》2008,51(5-6):445-461

An urgent need exists for indicators of soil health and patch functionality in extensive rangelands that can be measured efficiently and at low cost. Soil mites are candidate indicators, but their identification and handling is so specialised and time-consuming that their inclusion in routine monitoring is unlikely. The aim of this study was to measure the relationship between patch type and mite assemblages using a conventional approach. An additional aim was to determine if a molecular approach traditionally used for soil microbes could be adapted for soil mites to overcome some of the bottlenecks associated with soil fauna diversity assessment. Soil mite species abundance and diversity were measured using conventional ecological methods in soil from patches with perennial grass and litter cover (PGL), and compared to soil from bare patches with annual grasses and/or litter cover (BAL). Soil mite assemblages were also assessed using a molecular method called terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis. The conventional data showed a relationship between patch type and mite assemblage. The Prostigmata and Oribatida were well represented in the PGL sites, particularly the Aphelacaridae (Oribatida). For T-RFLP analysis, the mite community was represented by a series of DNA fragment lengths that reflected mite sequence diversity. The T-RFLP data showed a distinct difference in the mite assemblage between the patch types. Where possible, T-RFLP peaks were matched to mite families using a reference 18S rDNA database, and the Aphelacaridae prevalent in the conventional samples at PGL sites were identified, as were prostigmatids and oribatids. We identified limits to the T-RFLP approach and this included an inability to distinguish some species whose DNA sequences were similar. Despite these limitations, the data still showed a clear difference between sites, and the molecular taxonomic inferences also compared well with the conventional ecological data. The results from this study indicated that the T-RFLP approach was effective in measuring mite assemblages in this system. The power of this technique lies in the fact that species diversity and abundance data can be obtained quickly because of the time taken to process hundreds of samples, from soil DNA extraction to data output on the gene analyser, can be as little as 4 days.  相似文献   

Prevalence of Cryptosporidium species isolated from HIV/AIDS patients in southwest of Iran     

《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》2018

This study aimed to determine the prevalence and species of Cryptosporidium among HIV/AIDS patients in southwest of Iran. Two hundred fifty faecal samples from HIV patients were examined for the presence of Cryptosporidium oocysts using a conventional coproscopic approach. Such oocysts were detected in 18 (7.2%) out of 250 faecal samples. Genomic DNAs from 250 samples were then subjected to a nested-PCR-RFLP technique targeting different loci of 18S rRNA gene for species identification. Out of 250 samples, 27 (10.8%) were positive for different Cryptosporidium spp; Restriction patterns resulting from the digestion of the nested amplicon with restriction endonucleases VspI and SspI showed that C. parvum (70.38%) was the most prevalent species, followed by C. hominis (25.92%) and C. meleagridis (3.7%), respectively. The mean CD4+ T-cell count was 215 cells/μL. There was a strong association between cryptosporidiosis and CD4+ T-cell count (P = 0.000) with the highest prevalence recorded among patients with CD4+ T-cell count < 200 cells/μL. This confirms that there is a low opportunity for this parasite to get established as the patients CD4+ T-cell count increases. Also HIV infection increased the risk of having Cryptosporidium. Our epidemiological findings are useful for any preventive intervention to control disease diffusion.  相似文献   

Prokaryotic Expression and Protective Efficacy of TPO18 Gene from Taenia pisiformis     

HAN Jin-Huan  GOU Hui-Tian  SHANG Qing-Yan  SUN Xiao-Lin 《中国农业科学》2014,47(15):3077-3084

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北极狐白介素-18基因的克隆与序列分析     

张海玲闫喜军  罗国良王凤雪  柴秀丽易立 邵西群 《中国兽医科技》2008,38(1):59-62

根据GenBank中登录的犬白介素-18（IL-18）基因序列,设计了1对特异性引物。将北极狐外周血淋巴细胞经植物血凝素（PHA）诱导,用TRIzol裂解,提取总RNA,通过反转录聚合酶链式反应（RT—PCR）扩增狐狸IL-18基因,连接pMD18-T载体,转化DH5d感受态细胞,获得阳性重组质粒。核苷酸测序结果显示,获得的基因序列全长590bp,含582bp的开放阅读框,编码193个氨基酸,与已知犬IL-18序列的同源性高达98．7％,氨基酸同源性为96．4％。  相似文献   

猪带绦虫45W-4BX和TSOL18的高效表达及免疫效果研究     

骆学农  郑亚东  胡志敏  丁军涛  张少华  侯俊玲  窦永喜  郭爱疆  景志忠  才学鹏 《畜牧兽医学报》2008,39(2):212-217

RT-PCR扩增45W-4B和TSOL18基因,PCR截去45W-4B基因的N端信号肽和C端疏水氨基酸序列形成45W-4BX。将45W-4BX和TSOL18 PCR产物分别亚克隆人pGEX-4T-1,用IPTG诱导表达,取产物进行SDS-PAGE和Western blot分析。纯化表达产物制成油佐剂疫苗分别免疫家猪,用25000枚猪带绦虫成熟虫卵进行攻击感染,ELISA检测各组的抗体水平,90d后剖检计算各组的减虫率。结果表明,45W-4BX和TSOL18基因在大肠杆菌中分别以可溶性和包涵体形式获得高效表达,并能被囊虫病人血清所识别。重组蛋白免疫猪15d血清抗体即为阳性,30d左右达到峰值。2种重组抗原的减虫率均在88％以上,与囊虫粗抗原免疫效果相当。这为进一步研制基于45W-4BX和TSOL18的猪囊虫重组基因工程疫苗奠定了基础。  相似文献   

Occurrence of fatal canine Angiostrongylus vasorum infection in Italy     

Traversa D  Torbidone A  Malatesta D  Guglielmini C 《Veterinary parasitology》2008,154(1-2):162-166

A total of 469 fecal samples were collected from American minks (Mustela vison) on a farm in Hebei Province in China and examined for Cryptosporidium by Sheather's sugar flotation technique and 8 Cryptosporidim isolates were obtained. The partial 18S rRNA, 70 kDa heat shock protein (HSP70), Cryptosporidium oocyst wall protein (COWP) and actin genes of six isolates were sequenced. Sequence data were analyzed together with known Cryptosporidium spp. and genotypes. Results of this multi-locus genetic characterization indicated that the six Cryptosporidium isolates in this study shared the same sequences of the genes studied and were different from known Cryptosporidium species and genotypes. The closest relative was Cryptosporidium ferret genotype with 7, 22, 2 and 2 nucleotide differences in the 18S rRNA, HSP70, COWP and actin genes, respectively. The homology to ferret genotype at the 18S rRNA locus was 99.1%, which is comparable to that between C. parvum and C. hominis (99.2%), or between C. muris and C. andersoni (99.4%). Therefore, the Cryptosporidium in minks in this study is considered a new genotype, the Cryptosporidium mink genotype.  相似文献   

Physiological characterization of ocular melanosis‐affected canine melanocytes     

Ethan M. Dawson‐Baglien  Erica L. Noland  Dodd G. Sledge  Matti Kiupel  Simon M. Petersen‐Jones 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2019,22(2):132-146

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过表达IL-6对山羊毛囊干细胞增殖和迁移的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

史明艳  高雪  易力  周新雨  亢君芳  李志超 《畜牧兽医学报》2019,(6):1154-1161

旨在通过在山羊毛囊干细胞(HFSCs)中过表达炎症因子白细胞介素6(IL-6),探讨其对山羊HFSCs增殖和迁移的影响,阐明MAPK/ERK信号通路在山羊HFSCs增殖和迁移过程中发挥的作用。本试验通过构建pXJ40-myc-IL-6过表达载体,瞬时转染到山羊HFSCs中,以空载体细胞为空白对照组。利用Western blot定量检测IL-6蛋白的表达,MTT法检测山羊HFSCs的增殖活力,划痕试验判定山羊HFSCs的迁移能力,最后采用Westernblot检测山羊HFSCs中MAPK/ERK和P38信号通路中关键激酶的表达水平。结果表明,将获得的IL-6过表达载体转染至山羊HFSCs3d后,与对照组比较,山羊HFSCs的增殖活力出现抑制,且抑制效果持续至第7天(P<0.05)。IL-6过表达载体转染至山羊HFSCs24h后,处理组划痕部位的愈合率达到84.2%,显著低于对照组的98.5%(P<0.01)。与对照组相比,MAPK/ERK信号通路中的关键激酶ERK1/2的磷酸化水平(p-ERK1/2)显著下调(P<0.01),P38信号通路中的关键激酶p38的磷酸化水平(p-p38)表达量上调,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。综上所述,过表达IL-6基因对山羊HFSCs的增殖和迁移能力具有抑制作用,且过表达IL-6可能是通过MAPK/REK信号通路对山羊HFSCs增殖和迁移发挥负性调控作用,以上结果为揭示山羊HFSCs的迁移及组织修复机制的研究提供依据。  相似文献   

miR-18a通过靶向结合CTGF调控猪颗粒细胞凋亡   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

郭天亚  黄龙  马梦楠  姚望  潘增祥 《畜牧与兽医》2019,(7):13-18

为探究miR-18a对猪卵巢颗粒细胞凋亡的调控作用,利用生物信息学分析、荧光素酶活性检测和体外培养颗粒细胞试验验证miR-18a对CTGF的靶向作用及其在猪颗粒细胞中对CTGF基因表达的影响,并通过流式细胞技术检测其对猪卵巢颗粒细胞凋亡的调控作用。生物信息学分析结果表明,CTGF是miR-18a的潜在靶基因,荧光素酶活性检测进一步验证了miR-18a与CTGF的结合。在培养的颗粒细胞中转染miR-18a模拟物后,qRT-PCR和Western blot结果显示CTGF的mRNA和蛋白水平均显著降低,流式细胞技术检测表明miR-18a显著促进颗粒细胞的凋亡。而转染miR-18a抑制剂后,猪颗粒细胞的凋亡率显著降低,共转染miR-18a抑制剂和CTGF的干扰RNA后,颗粒细胞的凋亡率呈现回升。试验结果表明miR-18a通过靶向结合CTGF基因调控猪颗粒细胞的凋亡。  相似文献   

Prototheca zopfii genotype 2: the causative agent of bovine protothecal mastitis?     

Möller A  Truyen U  Roesler U 《Veterinary microbiology》2007,120(3-4):370-374

In order to clarify the epidemiology of bovine protothecal mastitis, 30 Prototheca zopfii mastitis isolates were genetically investigated. Based on the 18S rDNA, which allows a differentiation of the former species P. zopfii in two distinct P. zopfii genotypes and Prototheca blaschkeae sp. nov., newly developed genotype-specific PCR-assays as well as RFLP-assays were applied.

All mastitis isolates investigated could be assigned to P. zopfii genotype 2 suggesting that this genotype is the aetiological agent of bovine Prototheca mastitis.  相似文献