Effect of a synbiotic on the intestinal microflora of chickens     

《The Journal of Applied Poultry Research》2014,23(1):1-6

The current experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of a synbiotic (Biomin Imbo) on intestinal microflora of Ross broiler chickens. A total of 200 male chickens were randomly divided into 20 groups of 10 birds each, kept in 20 pens (1.5 × 1 m each), and fed for 42 d at different synbiotic levels. Treatments included (1) a basal diet without synbiotics (control), (2) a basal diet with synbiotic levels proposed by the manufacturer, (3) a basal diet with synbiotic levels 25% lower than those proposed by the manufacturer, (4) a basal diet with synbiotic levels 50% higher than those proposed by the manufacturer, and (5) a basal diet with synbiotic levels 25% higher than those proposed by the manufacturer. At the end of the 42-d feeding period, 1 bird was randomly selected from each experimental unit, humanely euthanized, and the cecum was removed to measure the microbial population. The cecal contents were collected in discharge containers for microbial cultures, and counts were conducted after microbial culture. The addition of the synbiotic reduced Escherichia coli and total coliform populations in the intestines of broiler chickens. Conversely, different levels of probiotic increased the numbers of lactobacilli in the intestine of broiler chickens. Concentrations of the synbiotic higher than the recommended levels in the diet increased the lactic acid bacteria population in the gut of broiler chickens.  相似文献   

日粮赖氨酸水平对12～18周龄雌性临武鸭生长性能及肠道结构的影响          下载免费PDF全文

蒋桂韬  林谦  张旭  王向荣  戴求仲 《家畜生态学报》2014,35(11):33-36

为研究12~18w临武鸭的赖氨酸需要量,试验随机选取健康、体重接近的84日龄雌性临武鸭210羽,分为5个处理(赖氨酸水平分别为0.55%、0.65%、0.75%、0.85%、0.95%),每处理设6个重复,每重复7只鸭,试验全期为42d。结果显示:(1)12~18周龄雌性临武鸭增重较慢,且各组试鸭间平均日采食量和日增重差异均不显著(P0.05),但0.75%赖氨酸组有增加平均增重的趋势;(2)试验各组间试鸭的十二指肠绒毛高度、隐窝深度、绒毛高度/隐窝深度差异均不显著(P0.05),但有增加绒毛高度的趋势。试验结果表明,以生长性能和肠道结构为评价指标,本试验条件下12~18w龄雌性临武鸭日粮赖氨酸水平以0.75%为适宜。  相似文献   

Biochemistry and physiology of a family of eel natriuretic peptides   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Yoshio Takei  Richard J. Balment 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1993,11(1-6):183-188

Three natriuretic peptides with similar structures were isolated from eels and their amino acid sequences determined; atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) from atria, ventricular natriuretic peptide (VNP) from ventricles, and C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) from brains. All three hormones were circulating in eel blood, and their plasma levels invariably decreased when eels were transferred from fresh water (FW) to seawater (SW). Eel ANP and VNP inhibited drinking in FW and SW eels. Eel ANP inhibited water and Na⁺ absorption by the intestine of SW eels. The potency of these ANP effects was 2–3 orders greater than those of other hormones which are known to have similar effects. Eel ANP and VNP induced antidiuresis but not antinatriuresis in FW eels. Eel ANP increased plasma cortisol level in SW eels but not in FW eels. The antidiuretic effect and the stimulation of cortisol secretion in eels are opposite to the ANP effects reported in mammals. These data suggest that ANP plays a complex role in the eel osmoregulation.

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Résumé Trois peptides natriurétiques présentant des structures similaires ont été isolés chez l'anguille et leurs séquences en acides aminés a été déterminées; le peptide atrial natriurétique (ANP) dans l'atria, le peptide ventriculaire natriurétique (VNP) dans les ventricules et le peptide natriurétique de type C dans le cerveau. Ces trois hormones sont présents dans le sang d'anguille et leur niveau plasmatique decroit invariablement quand les anguilles sont transférées d'eau douce en eau de mer. L'ANP et le VNP d'anguille inhibent l'action de boire chez les anguilles d'eau douce et d'eau de mer. L'ANP d'anguille inhibe l'absorption d'eau et de Na⁺ par l'intestin d'anguille en eau de mer. Ces effets de l'ANP sont 2 à 3 fois plus grands que ceux observés avec d'autres hormones qui sont connues pour avoir des effets similaires. L'ANP et le VNP d'anguille induisent l'antidiurèse mais pas l'antinatriurèse chez les anguilles d'eau douce. L'ANP d'anguille augmente chez ce poisson les niveaux de cortisol plasmatique en eau de mer mais pas en eau douce. L'effet antidiurétique et la stimulation de la sécrétion de cortisol chez l'anguille sont contraire aux effets de l'ANP observés chez les mammifères. Ces résultats suggèrent que l'ANP joue un role complexe dans l'osmorégulation de l'anguille.

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利用肠道菌群的分布和DNA序列对鲤科鱼类系统演化关系的研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文

谭远德  赵庆新 《中国水产科学》2001,8(1):26-32

用检测到的肠道微生物菌群的含量对鲤科鱼类的草鱼（Ctenopharyngodon idellus)和青鱼（Mylopharyngodon piceus)、鲢（Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)和鳙（Aristichthys nobilis)、鲤（Cyprinus carpiohaematopterus)和鲫（Carassius auratus)，团头鲂（Megalobrama amblycephala)和三角鲂（Megalopbrama terminalis）8个种进行系统演化分析。所获得的系统演化树中，每个亚科内的物种邻接为1个接点。在亚科间，雅罗鱼亚科与鳇亚科相邻领接1个共同接点。该接点与鲢亚科和鲤亚科连结为1个共同祖选接点。用线粒体基因中的cytb和ND4基因全序列分别构建5个亚科13和11个种的NJ树，这2个树在5个亚科之间的邻接拓扑结构上亦不相同。3种树可推出一个共同的结论是在所分析的亚科中鲤亚科为最原始的类群，而鲫是最原始的类型。  相似文献   

浒苔多酚对肥胖小鼠血脂代谢及肠道菌群的调节作用     

邱立  谷贵章  王欣宇  高兴杰  杨文鸽  徐大伦 《核农学报》2022,36(8):1638-1647

为了研究浒苔多酚(Enteromorpha prolifera polyphenols, EPP)对高脂饮食诱导小鼠肥胖的预防作用,将24只C57BL/6J小鼠分为4组,即空白对照组、模型对照组、低剂量浒苔多酚处理组(100 mg·kg^-1·d^-1)以及高剂量浒苔多酚处理组(300 mg·kg^-1·d^-1),连续灌胃14周,考察不同剂量浒苔多酚干预对肥胖小鼠生理生化指标以及肠道菌群数量和结构的影响。结果表明,EPP能抑制肥胖小鼠体重增长,降低血清中总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇浓度(LDL-C)、丙二醛(MDA)、谷草转氨酶(AST)和谷丙转氨酶(ALT)浓度,增加高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)浓度,提高超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)以及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性。此外,EPP干预可提高有益菌如拟杆菌属(Bacteroides)、艾克曼菌属(Akkermansia)及副杆菌属(Parabacteroides)的相对丰度,促进短链脂肪酸(SCFAs)分泌;降低有害菌如瘤胃球菌属(Ruminococcaceae)及颤螺菌属(Oscillospira)的相对丰度。因此,浒苔多酚作为功能性食品成分能够减轻高脂饮食诱导的小鼠肥胖症状。本研究为浒苔多酚作为海洋资源的开发与利用提供了理论依据与数据支撑。  相似文献   

福建三沙湾养殖大黄鱼肠道菌群研究     

王程程  鄢庆枇  黄伟卿  熊何健  王勇忠  马英 《厦门水产学院学报》2014,(1):1-6

为研究大黄鱼（Pseudosciaena crocea）肠道细菌的群落结构,提取大黄鱼肠道内容物和肠壁样品总DNA,构建细菌16SrDNA克隆文库．分别从两个文库中随机挑选阳性克隆子测序,序列同源性分析和系统进化分析结果表明：在大黄鱼肠道中存在梭杆菌纲（Fusobacteria）细菌、拟杆菌纲细菌（Bacteroidetes）和γ-变形细菌纲（γ-Proteobacteria）细菌．肠壁样品细菌多样性高于肠道内容物样品．梭杆菌属细菌在肠道内容物样品中占据优势地位,而肠壁样品则以拟杆菌属细菌为最优势细菌类群,其次是梭杆菌属细菌。两个样品中均只检测到少量γ-变形细菌纲细菌．  相似文献   

混合益生菌对仔猪生长及肠道菌群的影响     

王娜 《湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2014,40(3)

选用50头体重相近的三元杂交断奶健康仔猪,随机分为5组:对照组全程饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础日粮;试验1、2、3、4组在试验第1天到第28天分别饲喂基础日粮+蜡样芽孢杆菌、鼠李糖乳杆菌和戊糖乳杆菌(质量比为1∶1∶1、1∶2∶1、2∶1∶2、1∶1∶2)的混合益生菌制剂,在第29天到第42天饲喂基础日粮。饲喂28 d后计算各组仔猪日增重、料重比、腹泻率。结果表明:4个试验组仔猪的日增重均高于对照组,料重比均低于对照组,腹泻率均显著低于对照组;试验1、3组仔猪的日增重显著高于对照组,且试验1组仔猪的日增重又稍高于试验3组;试验1、3组仔猪的料重比显著低于对照组,而试验1组仔猪的料重比又稍低于试验3组;试验1组和3组仔猪的腹泻率相同,且低于试验2组和4组,表明4种比例混合的益生菌制剂均能促进仔猪生长,且以质量比1∶1∶1、2∶1∶2混合的益生菌制剂促进仔猪生长的效果较好;对试验1组和对照组仔猪在试验0、7、14、21、28、42 d肠道内菌群的定量PCR结果表明,试验1组仔猪肠道内蜡样芽孢杆菌、鼠李糖乳杆菌数量在饲喂益生菌制剂期间呈现一致的变化趋势,即先上升后下降,再上升,而对照组3种菌的变化趋势不一致;在停喂益生菌制剂2周后,3种益生菌仍呈规律变化,表明饲喂益生菌制剂能够调节仔猪肠道相应菌群的生长;对仔猪肠道粪样菌群的16SrDNA的特异序列的进行变性梯度凝胶电泳及抠胶测序的结果表明,仔猪在饲喂益生菌制剂7 d后,肠道蜡样芽孢杆菌、肠球菌、链球菌、双歧杆菌、戊糖乳杆菌、大肠杆菌、鼠李糖乳杆菌菌群数量均下降,到第28天时,各种菌群数量均上升,表明饲喂益生菌制剂不仅能调节仔猪肠道相应益生菌的生长,还能调节肠道肠球菌、链球菌、大肠杆菌与双歧杆菌的生长。  相似文献   

饲粮中添加碳酸氢钠对蛋鸡肠道内容物pH、消化蛋白酶活性及菌群的影响     

刘炎  董晓芳  佟建明 《西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版)》2014,42(4):33-40

【目的】研究蛋鸡饲粮中添加不同水平的碳酸氢钠对肠道内容物pH、消化蛋白酶活性和肠道菌群的影响,以探讨饲粮中添加碳酸氢钠对蛋鸡消化机能的影响。【方法】选取21周龄海兰褐壳蛋鸡450只,随机分为5组,每组6个重复,每重复15只鸡;对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别饲喂添加0.1%,0.5%,2.5%,5%NaHCO3的试验饲粮,试验期133d。试验期末采集各组肌胃、十二指肠、空肠、回肠、盲肠食糜及粪便,测定各段食糜和粪便的pH、肌胃食糜的胃蛋白酶活性、十二指肠食糜的胰蛋白酶和糜蛋白酶活性以及回肠和盲肠食糜中菌群的变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)指纹图谱,并计算回肠、盲肠食糜的多样性指数和相似性指数。【结果】1)饲粮中添加0.1%和0.5%的碳酸氢钠对蛋鸡肠道各段pH无显著影响,而饲粮中添加2.5%和5%的碳酸氢钠可显著提高蛋鸡肌胃、十二指肠和空肠内容物以及粪便的pH(P0.05)。2)饲粮中添加2.5%和5%的碳酸氢钠可显著降低肌胃中胃蛋白酶、十二指肠中胰蛋白酶和糜蛋白酶活性(P0.05)。3)饲粮中添加碳酸氢钠可改变蛋鸡回肠和盲肠的微生物多样性指数。【结论】饲粮中添加高剂量的碳酸氢钠(2.5%和5%)显著影响蛋鸡消化道内环境,降低蛋鸡的蛋白消化机能。  相似文献   

Physiology of seawater acclimation in the striped bass,Morone saxatilis (Walbaum)     

Steffen S. Madsen  Stephen D. McCormick  Graham Young  Jeanette S. Endersen  Richard S. Nishioka  Howard A. Bern 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1994,13(1):1-11

Several experiments were performed to investigate the physiology of seawater acclimation in the striped bass, Morone saxatilis. Transfer of fish from fresh water (FW) to seawater (SW; 31–32 ppt) induced only a minimal disturbance of osmotic homeostasis. Ambient salinity did not affect plasma thyroxine, but plasma cortisol remained elevated for 24h after SW transfer. Gill and opercular membrane chloride cell density and Na⁺,K⁺-ATPase activity were relatively high and unaffected by salinity. Average chloride cell size, however, was slightly increased (16%) in SW-acclimated fish. Gill succinate dehydrogenase activity was higher in SW-acclimated fish than in FW fish. Kidney Na⁺, K⁺-ATPase activity was slightly lower (16%) in SW fish than in FW fish. Posterior intestinal Na⁺,K⁺-ATPase activity and water transport capacity (J_v) did not change upon SW transfer, whereas middle intestinal Na⁺,K⁺-ATPase activity increased 35% after transfer and was correlated with an increase in J_v (110%). As salinity induced only minor changes in the osmoregulatory organs examined, it is proposed that the intrinsic euryhalinity of the striped bass may be related to a high degree of “preparedness” for hypoosmoregulation that is uncommon among teleosts studied to data.  相似文献   

Full-fat soybean meal in diets for Atlantic halibut: growth, metabolism and intestinal histology   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

B. GRISDALE-HELLAND  S.J. HELLAND  G. BAEVERFJORD  & G.M. BERGE 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2002,8(4):265-270

Isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets containing 0, 18 or 36% toasted full-fat soybean meal (FFSM) were fed to Atlantic halibut. The diets were fed to five tanks of fish each for 34 days (period 1). Four tanks from each treatment were then retained in the growth experiment for a further 32 days (period 2), while the groups of fish from one tank from each of the 0 and 36% FFSM groups were split and transferred to two metabolism tanks each. The initial weight of the fish in the growth trial was 169 ± 1 g (mean ± SEM, n =12; weight range 89–253 g) and the final weight was 317 ± 5 g. There was no significant effect of dietary treatment on specific growth rate (range, 0.8–1.1% day⁻¹), feed consumption (0.5–0.7% body weight day⁻¹), feed efficiency (1.3–1.6 g wet gain g dry feed⁻¹), protein retention (48–55%) or energy retention (49–57%). The fat, protein and energy concentrations in the fish increased during the trial and were not affected by the diet. The hepatosomatic index in fish fed with 36% FFSM diet was significantly lower (1.7%) than in the other groups (2.2%) ( P  < 0.05). No differences in intestinal morphology were observed between dietary treatments and no pathological reactions were identified in any of the samples. In the metabolism trial, there were no significant differences in oxygen consumption or ammonia excretion between fish fed with 0 and 36% FFSM diets. In conclusion, up to 36% FFSM may be added to diets for Atlantic halibut without negative effects on growth, feed efficiency or intestinal morphology.  相似文献