日粮添加碳酸氢钠对蛋鸡肠道菌群多样性的影响     

刘丹  杨俊花  罗爱琼  刘家国  缪德年  赵志辉 《兽医大学学报》2014,(1):148-152,164

900羽21周龄海兰褐蛋鸡随机分成5组,每组6个重复,每个重复30羽。分别在基础日粮中添加0、0．1％、0．5％、2．5％、5％NaHCO3,持续10周。结果显示,与对照组相比,0．1％组蛋鸡盲肠乳酸菌数量增加,大肠杆菌数量降低,菌群多样性指数提高（P〉0．05）。0．5％组蛋鸡粪便pH值显著提高（P〈0．05）,乳酸菌数量增加,菌群多样性指数提高（P〉0．05）。2．5％、5％组蛋鸡粪便pH值、水分含量极显著高于其他组（P〈0．01）。同时,2．5％、5％组盲肠乳酸杆菌数量降低（P〉0．05或P〈0.05）,大肠杆菌数量增高（P〉0．05或P〈0．05）,5％组菌群多样性指数亦显著降低前3组（P〈0．05）。结果表明,日粮添加NaHCO3超过2．5％,蛋鸡腹泻严重,肠道菌群平衡严重破坏。而当NaHCO3的添加量低于0．5％时,肠道有益菌数量和菌群多样性指数呈增加趋势,蛋鸡生产性能维持正常。因此,本试验提示蛋鸡生产中饲料添加剂NaHCO3最高耐受量为0．5％。  相似文献   

鱼食性与肠道菌群关系的初步研究   总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11  

尹军霞  张建龙  沈文英  石巧红  顾海凤 《水产科学》2004,23(3):4-6

对淡水养殖池中的乌鳢、鲢鱼、鳊鱼、鲫鱼不同食性鱼的后肠菌群进行了定性、定量分析,结果表明:四种鱼的后肠壁和后肠内容物都是厌氧菌总数远大于好氧菌总数;后肠内容物菌数远大于后肠壁菌数;不同的鱼,后肠壁的好氧菌总数差别很大,而厌氧菌总数差别不大;后肠内容物中的厌氧菌总数和好氧菌总数为:乌鳢>鲫鱼>鲢鱼>鳊鱼;而后肠壁细菌含量与食物没有明显的关系;后肠内容物和后肠壁中的双歧杆菌数为:乌鳢>鲫鱼>鲢鱼>鳊鱼。表明后肠内容物中的细菌总数、后肠内容物和后肠壁中的双歧杆菌数都与食性相关。大肠杆菌、肠球菌和乳酸菌在后肠的分布没有规律,说明它们与食物相关性不强。  相似文献   

穿心莲对草鱼肠内细菌的影响   总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18       下载免费PDF全文

罗琳 《水产学报》2001,25(3):232-237

给不同组草鱼分别投喂含0％、0.5％、1％和2％穿心莲的人工配合饲料，在不同时期取样检测各组草鱼前、中、后肠需氧和兼性厌氧菌的种类和数量。结果显示，草鱼肠内细菌的种类，特别是优势菌群的种类没有受到穿心莲的影响。各组草鱼肠内各部位的优势菌群均为气单胞菌Aeromonas和肠杆菌Enterobacteriaceae。草鱼肠内细菌数量为105～108CFU·g-1，分析后发现，各组草鱼肠内细菌数量之间没有显著差异(P＞0.05)。但1％及2％的穿心莲能降低气单胞菌的组成。上述结果表明，一定浓度的穿心莲可以通过降低优势菌群气单胞菌的组成而对草鱼肠内微生态系产生影响。  相似文献   

The goldfish vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor: functional studies and tissue distribution   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

B.K.-C. Chow 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1997,17(1-6):213-222

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Evaluation of the nutritive value of Leucaena leucocephala leaf meal, inoculated with fish intestinal bacteria Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus circulans in formulated diets for rohu, Labeo rohita (Hamilton) fingerlings     

A Bairagi  K Sarkar Ghosh  S K Sen  & A K Ray 《Aquaculture Research》2004,35(5):436-446

Nine isonitrogenous (35% crude protein approximately) and isocaloric (18.37 kJ g^?1) experimental diets (RLL20–BCFL40) were formulated with either raw or treated (inoculated with fish intestinal bacteria) Leucaena leucocephala leaf meal at 20%, 30% and 40% levels replacing other ingredients partially from a fish meal based reference diet (RD). Two specific strains of fish intestinal bacteria, Bacillus subtilis (isolated from Cyprinus carpio) and B. circulans (isolated from Oreochromis mossambicus) having extracellular cellulolytic and amylolytic activities, were used to inoculate Leucaena leaf meal for 15 days at 37°C. The crude fibre, cellulose and hemicellulose contents and the antinutritional factors, tannin, phytic acid and mimosine in the leaf meal decreased due to inoculation. However, free amino acids and fatty acids increased in the treated leaf meal. The response of rohu, Labeo rohita, fingerlings fed the experimental diets for 80 days was compared with fish fed a RD. Both the inclusion level and type of Leucaena leaf meal in diets significantly affected the growth performance of rohu. Fish fed diets containing inoculated Leucaena leaf meal performed better in comparison with those with the RD. On the basis of growth response, feed conversion ratio, protein efficiency ratio and apparent net protein utilization, diet formulated with 30%Leucaena leaf meal inoculated with B. circulans resulted in the best performance of rohu fingerlings followed by diet with 40%B. subtilis inoculated Leucaena leaf meal. The apparent protein digestibility (APD) was better in fish fed diets containing B. circulans inoculated leaf meal. An increasing level of raw Leucaena leaf meal was associated with a decrease in the carcass protein content of rohu fingerlings. The activity of α‐amylase increased with the increasing level of treated leaf meal in diets. Cellulase activity increased with increasing level of inclusion of raw leaf meal, and was comparatively lower in fish fed diets with treated leaf meal. Activities of protease and lipase were higher in fish fed the RD. The results showed that it is possible to incorporate Leucaena leaf meal inoculated with enzyme‐producing fish intestinal bacteria in carp diets up to 40% level of inclusion.  相似文献   

饲料中添加鸡肠粉对鲤抗氧化及部分免疫酶活力的影响     

彭祖想  严林  卫力博  翟浩杰  高欣  王伟  任同军  韩雨哲 《河北渔业》2022,(1):6-11

为研究饲料中添加鸡肠粉对鲤(Cyprinus carpio)抗氧化能力和部分免疫酶活力的影响,配制了4组等氮等脂饲料和1组鸡肠粉含量为100％ 的饲料,标记为D1、D2、D3、D4、D5.鸡肠粉添加量分别为0％(D1)、5％(D2)、10％(D3)、15％(D4)和100％(D5).选取初始体重约为57 g的鲤150尾...  相似文献   

Dietary spermine supplementation induces intestinal maturation in sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) larvae     

A. Péres  C.L. Cahu  J.L. Zambonino Infante 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1997,16(6):479-485

Sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) larvae were fed microparticulated compound diet containing 0 (FP0), 0.10 (FP10) and 0.33% (FP33) of a polyamine, spermine, from day 20 to day 38. LP group was fed live prey. This group exhibited the highest growth and survival. The addition of spermine did not lead to growth enhancement. A 33% survival improvement was obtained in FP33 group compared to FP0 group. The spermine addition affected the activity of pancreatic enzymes, trypsin, chymotrypsin and amylase, during larvae development. This non specific effect suggested that the action of spermine would be mediated by hormones. In the intestine, the FP33 group exhibited from day 31 higher activities of brush border membrane enzymes (leucine aminopeptidase and alkaline phosphatase) and lower level in a cytosolic enzyme (leucine-alanine peptidase) compared to FP10 and FP0 group. The diet containing the highest spermine level induced an enzymatic profile similar to that obtained in LP group and characteristic of a mature enterocyte. The initiation of enterocyte maturation at a proper development stage was associated to the survival improvement observed in FP33 group.  相似文献   

Natriuretic peptide inhibition of intestinal salt absorption in the Japanese eel: physiological significance   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

C.A. Loretz  C.A. Loretz  Y. Takei 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1997,17(1-6):319-324

Electrophysiological studies in vitro demonstrated the significant inhibition by natriuretic peptides (NP) of short-circuit current across the eel intestine, an important osmoregulatory organ. Inhibitory potencies of several members of the NP family were assessed by voltage-clamp determination of net transepithelial salt absorption measured as the short-circuit current I_sc across the intestine of the freshwater-adapted (FW) and seawater-adapted (SW) Japanese eel (Anguilla japonica); the order of potency of synthetic eel peptides was: amidated atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP-NH₂) > ventricular natriuretic peptide (VNP) > atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) >> C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP). Neither the order of potency nor the absolute potencies were effected by salinity adaptation. The observed potency sequence suggests that inhibition of intestinal absorption is mediated by A-type guanylyl cyclase-coupled NP receptors. The relatively low sensitivity of the intestinal response to NP compared with circulating NP concentrations suggests a role for intestinal regulation by NP which is independent of systemic delivery from cardiac sources. A novel model, incorporating the known immunohistochemical localization of NP-ergic cells and processes in the epithelial layer of the intestine and the dissipation of the Na⁺ electrochemical gradient along the alimentary tract, is developed in which local secretion of NP (in response to a bolus of food) inhibits salt absorption across the intestine regionally in favor of increased nutrient absorption.  相似文献   

仔猪肠道损伤修复营养调控及其机制和应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

徐子伟 《动物营养学报》2014,26(10)

仔猪早期断奶是现代养猪业中的一项重要技术措施,但断奶应激又导致仔猪出现早期断奶综合征,尤其是肠道损伤.肠道正常的功能依赖肠道黏膜上皮屏障、免疫屏障、生物屏障的完整性来维持.断奶应激会导致仔猪肠道黏膜形态结构改变、肠上皮屏障通透性增加、消化吸收功能降低、黏液层厚度下降、肠道pH升高、免疫抑制、肠道微生物菌群失衡等,甚至造成肠道功能的继发性损伤和功能紊乱.因此,肠道损伤修复及其营养调控研究日益受到关注.直接或间接调控因子主要包括:1)多肽类生长因子.主要包括表皮生长因子(EGF)、胰高血糖素样肽-2 (GLP-2)、胰岛素样生长因子-Ⅰ(IGF-Ⅰ)和转化生长因子(TGF)等.本文介绍了本团队制备的猪胰高血糖素样肽-2(pGLP-2)长效化产物对降低仔猪肠道炎性反应,提高黏膜屏障功能的作用.2)微生态调控剂.包括益生菌制剂和抗菌肽.猪饲粮中常用益生菌有屎肠球菌、芽孢杆菌、植物乳杆菌、乳球菌、酵母菌等.已报道用于仔猪饲粮的抗菌肽主要有天蚕素、防御素、抗菌肽buforinⅡ、抗菌肽P5及复合肽等.3)营养代谢调控剂.报道较多的氨基酸及其衍生物有谷氨酰胺及其替代品α-酮戊二酸、L-精氨酸、N-乙酰半胱氨酸等.研究较多的其他调控剂还有短链脂肪酸、壳聚糖、植物多糖、锌和硒等.本文对上述各类损伤修复调控因子研究进展进行了综述.  相似文献   

N-乙酰半胱氨酸对猪肠道功能的保护作用     

侯永清  王蕾  易丹 《动物营养学报》2014,26(10)

动物的肠道完整性在营养、代谢和机体内环境稳定中起着非常重要的作用,是机体抵御内源性和外源性有害物质的第一道屏障.肠上皮细胞的完整性是保障肠道功能的生理基础,肠上皮受损会影响营养物质的吸收,从而降低生产性能和影响动物的健康.N-乙酰半胱氨酸(NAC)是L-半胱氨酸与还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)的前体物质,NAC的生理功能和应用效果在很大程度上与维持细胞内的GSH水平有关.饲粮中添加NAC可以缓解脂多糖应激引起的肠黏膜损伤、乙酸刺激引起的结肠炎及改善小肠吸收功能,这些与NAC促进表皮生长因子的生成、抗黏膜细胞凋亡和促进紧密连接蛋白表达有关.本文就NAC对猪肠道功能的保护作用相关研究作一综述.  相似文献