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AIMS: To determine the pharmacokinetics, and anaesthetic and sedative effects of alfaxalone after I/V and I/M administration to cats.

METHODS: Six European shorthair cats, three males and three females, with a mean weight of 4.21 (SD 0.53) kg and aged 3.8 (SD 0.9) years were enrolled in this crossover, two–treatment, two-period study. Alfaxalone at a dose of 5?mg/kg was administered either I/V or I/M. Blood samples were collected between 2–480 minutes after drug administration and analysed for concentrations of alfaxalone by HPLC. The plasma concentration-time curves were analysed by non-compartmental analysis. Sedation scores were evaluated between 5–120 minutes after drug administration using a numerical rating scale (from 0–18). Intervals from drug administration to sit, sternal and lateral recumbency during the induction phase, and to head-lift, sternal recumbency and standing position during recovery were recorded.

RESULTS: The mean half-life and mean residence time of alfaxalone were longer after I/M (1.28 (SD 0.21) and 2.09 (SD 0.36) hours, respectively) than after I/V (0.49 (SD 0.07) and 0.66 (SD 0.16) hours, respectively) administration (p<0.05). Bioavailability after I/M injection of alfaxalone was 94.7 (SD 19.8)%. The mean intervals to sternal and lateral recumbency were longer in the I/M (3.73 (SD 1.99) and 6.12 (SD 0.90) minutes, respectively) compared to I/V (0 minutes for all animals) treated cats (p<0.01). Sedation scores indicative of general anaesthesia (scores >15) were recorded from 5–15 minutes after I/V administration and deep sedation (scores 11–15) at 20 and 30 minutes. Deep sedation was observed from 10–45 minutes after I/M administration. One cat from each group showed hyperkinesia during recovery, and the remainder had an uneventful recovery.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Alfaxalone administered I/V in cats provides rapid and smooth induction of anaesthesia. After I/M administration, a longer exposure to the drug and an extended half life were obtained compared to I/V administration. Therefore I/M administration of alfaxalone could be a reliable, suitable and easy route in cats, taking into account that alfaxalone has a slower onset of sedation than when given I/V and achieves deep sedation rather than general anaesthesia.  相似文献   
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The objective of this study was to observe how fat incorporated into an equine forage‐based diet through supplementation altered levels of plasma glucose, insulin and fatty acids. Five Shetland/Hackney cross pony mares were fed alfalfa pellet diets top dressed with commercially available vegetable oil (blend of soya bean, canola and corn oils) at 0%, 5%, 10% or 15% of diet. Ponies were randomly assigned one of four diets to start, with a 14‐day adjustment period between transitioning to another one of the four diets. Ponies were gradually adapted to the new diet within the 14‐day period before a five‐day trial period. Each pony received all four diets by the end of the study. Each trial was a five‐day period with a three‐day sample collection. Blood samples for each collection week were taken 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210, 240 and 270 min and at 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 hr post‐feeding. Excess fat did not impact plasma glucose (p > .1), nor did it affect blood plasma insulin concentration. While there was no time alteration found for plasma fatty acid concentration (p > .1), C14:0 increased when ponies were fed 0% fat and C18:2 decreased when ponies were fed 0% fat. Plasma fatty acids (% of total FA) were higher in C18:0, C18:1, C18:2 and C20:1 in the added fat diets (p < .1). These findings suggest the amounts reported in this study of fat supplementation on a forage‐based diet did influence the fatty acid analysis within the pony, but did not negatively impact blood glucose and insulin concentrations.  相似文献   
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In this study, signaling pathways and key differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in lipid metabolism in muscle and fat tissues were investigated. Muscle and abdominal fat tissues were obtained from 35-day-old female broilers for RNA sequencing. DEGs between muscle and fat tissues were identified. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses of DEGs were performed. A total of 6130 DEGs were identified to be significantly enriched in 365 GO terms, most of which were involved in biological processes, cellular components, and molecular functions in muscle and fat tissues. Three important lipid signaling pathways (pyruvate metabolism, the insulin signaling pathway, and the adipocytokine signaling pathway) were identified among the fat and muscle tissues of broilers. The key common DEGs in these pathways included phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 2 (PCK2), acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 alpha and beta (ACACA and ACACB), and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (AMPK) gene family. Hence, our findings revealed the pathways and key genes and gene families involved in the regulation of fat deposition in the muscle and fat tissues of broilers.  相似文献   
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【目的】筛选牛肌肉脂肪组织中差异表达的circRNAs,为进一步探索circRNAs在牛肌内脂肪沉积和代谢过程中的潜在作用及肉牛改良提供理论基础。【方法】采集安格斯牛和南阳牛右侧背部最长肌第12/13肋骨间肌肉,分离其脂肪组织并提取RNA,采用RNA-seq和生物信息学方法分析2种牛肌内脂肪组织中circRNAs的表达情况,筛选差异表达的circRNAs,并对其进行GO和KEGG富集分析。选取4个差异表达的circRNA(circRNA.9560、circRNA.7431、circRNA.2083、circRNA.6528),对其表达水平进行qRT-PCR验证。【结果】在所有牛样本肌内脂肪组织中共检测到14 649个circRNAs,从中筛选并初步鉴定出111个安格斯牛与南阳牛差异表达的circRNAs,其中有75个在安格斯牛肌内脂肪组织中表达上调,36个表达下调。差异表达的circRNAs主要富集于细胞进程、单有机体进程、代谢过程、细胞、细胞部分、细胞器、分子结合、催化活性、核酸结合转录因子活性的GO条目中。KEGG富集分析结果发现,差异表达的circRNAs共富集到66条信号通路中,其中具有显著差异(P0.05)的信号通路有10个。qRT-PCR验证结果显示,circRNA.9560和circRNA.7431表达量显著下调,circRNA.2083和circRNA.6528表达量显著上调,与测序结果一致。【结论】筛选出111个安格斯牛与南阳牛差异表达的circRNAs,这些circRNAs可能在牛脂肪沉积和脂质代谢过程中发挥着一定的调控作用。  相似文献   
16.
曹越  李大彪 《中国畜牧兽医》2021,48(8):2778-2786
乳脂肪是高质量的天然脂肪,其可为人类提供营养和能量,在各种膳食脂肪和油类中,是最容易被消化吸收的。乳脂肪是在乳腺中由从头合成或外源摄取的脂肪酸与甘油酯化形成的一种脂类物质,其含量的高低关系着牛奶品质的优劣和乳制品的加工特性。在奶牛的泌乳周期中,乳腺泌乳功能受多种因素影响,其中内分泌腺分泌的多种激素对奶牛乳腺上皮细胞(BMECs)乳脂的合成具有积极的调控作用。综上所述,作者介绍了氢化可的松、催乳素、胰岛素和生长激素4种泌乳相关激素对BMECs乳脂肪合成的调控机理,即从乳脂合成适宜的激素添加量、激素对乳脂球形态的影响方面初步阐释其调控作用,并从乳脂合成的关键酶及转录因子、激素对乳脂合成相关基因表达量方面深入阐释其作用机理,旨在为研究泌乳相关激素对奶牛乳腺内乳脂肪合成的调控机理提供参考。  相似文献   
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试验旨在探究日粮中添加不同水平β-胡萝卜素(β-C)对牦牛皮下脂肪颜色及组织维生素A含量的影响。试验选取12头2~3岁牦牛为研究对象,随机分为4个组,每组3个重复。各处理组日粮分别在基础日粮中添加0(对照)、720(低剂量)、1 440(中剂量)、1 620 mg/d(高剂量)β-C,饲养90 d后,分别测定牦牛脂肪、肌肉色度、背膘厚度及不同组织中β-C和代谢产物维生素A的含量,结果表明:日粮中添加不同水平β-C,牦牛背部、胸部脂肪及半腱肌的黄度值(b*)显著高于对照组(P<0.05),亮度值(L*)和红度值(a*)没有显著变化(P>0.05);牦牛背膘厚度在中剂量组达到最大值;对照组牦牛血清中β-C及维生素A含量显著低于各试验组(P<0.05),且维生素A含量随β-C添加量的上升呈上升趋势(P<0.05);牦牛皮下脂肪、腹腔脂肪、心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肺脏、肾脏及空肠等组织器官中β-C含量在中剂量组均达到最大值,除肝脏中维生素A含量较高外,其他组织中维生素A含量在各处理组间差异不显著(P<0.05)。综上所述,日粮添加β-C影响牦牛皮下脂肪颜色,且在中剂量组牦牛皮下脂肪、心脏、肝脏、脾脏及空肠等组织器官中β-C含量达到最大值,故推荐其最佳摄入量为1 440 mg/d;在日粮中添加β-C影响牦牛肝脏和血清中维生素A含量,对其余组织器官中维生素A含量没有影响。  相似文献   
19.
试验通过研究不同生长速度阿勒泰羊主要血液生化指标含量和尾脂中瘦素(Leptin)基因的表达水平,探讨阿勒泰羊生长速度与脂肪沉积之间的关系。选取300只出生时间相近的阿勒泰羊公羔,正常饲喂至6月龄,记录日增重,取平均日增重排前10%和后10%的公羔各30只,分为生长快速组(HBW)和生长慢速组(LBW),从生长快速组随机选12只分为抑制生长组(饲喂低能量饲粮以抑制其生长,HBW-75%,n=6)和生长快速对照组(饲喂标准饲粮,HBW-100%,n=6),生长慢速组随机选12只分为促进生长组(饲喂高能量饲粮以促进生长,LBW-125%,n=6)和生长慢速对照组(饲喂标准饲粮,LBW-100%,n=6);预饲期7 d,正饲期30 d,试验结束后称重并采集血液,屠宰后采集尾部脂肪。检测血液TG、CK、TSH、T3、T4、S.S、GH、INS、PG、Leptin含量或活性及尾部脂肪Leptin mRNA和蛋白表达量,并观察尾部脂肪细胞形态学变化。结果显示,HBW-100%和LBW-100%组初体重与末体重均差异显著(P<0.05),HBW-75%和HBW-100%组初体重与末体重均无显著差异(P>0.05);LBW-100%和LBW-125%组初体重差异显著(P<0.05),末体重无显著差异(P>0.05)。LBW-100%组的T4、S.S、Leptin、TSH、T3含量显著低于HBW-100%组(P<0.05);LBW-125%组T3含量显著高于LBW-100%组(P<0.05);HBW-75%组GH、PG和Leptin含量显著低于HBW-100%组(P<0.05)。LBW-125%组尾部脂肪细胞面积大于LBW-100%组,HBW-75%组小于HBW-100%组(P<0.05)。Leptin mRNA和蛋白表达量检测结果表明,HBW-100%组的Leptin mRNA表达量与LBW-100%组无显著差异(P>0.05),Leptin蛋白表达量极显著高于LBW-100%组(P<0.01)。LBW-125%组Leptin mRNA和蛋白的表达量均显著高于LBW-100%组(P<0.05)。HBW-75%组Leptin mRNA的表达量极显著低于HBW-100%组(P<0.01),Leptin蛋白表达量显著低于HBW-100%组(P<0.05)。综上所述,生长快速组与生长慢速组中,Leptin的表达量与体重和体脂有一定关联;在生长慢速组促进生长后体重和体脂显著增加,Leptin的表达量呈上升趋势;在生长快速组抑制生长后体重和体脂减少,Leptin的表达呈下降趋势。改变生长速度对Leptin的表达量会产生影响,从而改变机体的脂肪沉积状况。  相似文献   
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以进口大豆为研究对象,采用高效粉碎机和脂肪测定仪进行粉碎和抽提,研究其粉碎细度对索氏抽提法测粗脂肪含量的影响。结果表明,大豆粉碎细度越小,其粗脂肪含量测得越高。  相似文献   
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