持续高温对不同性别北京油鸡生长性能、肉质性状及脂肪沉积的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

郝婧宇  卢庆萍  张宏福  张晓迪 《畜牧兽医学报》2012,43(5):748-754

本研究旨在考察持续高温对不同性别北京油鸡生长性能、肉质性状及脂肪沉积的影响.选择健康、体况相近的49日龄北京油鸡公母各72只(公鸡平均体质量(608.58±13.07)g;母鸡平均体质量(518.50±8.33)g)随机分在2个处理中:(1)高温组,(35±0.37)℃;(2)适温组,(25±0.38)℃,分别在2个人工环境气候舱中饲养.每个处理设6个重复,每个重复6只鸡.试验持续23 d.测定试验第1～11、12～22和1～22天的生产性能指标及第12和23天时的胴体性状、肉质性状及脂肪沉积率.结果表明;1)热暴露1～11 d,公母鸡的日增体质量都显著降低(P＜0.01),料重比无明显变化(P＞0.05).热暴露12～22 d,公鸡的日增体质量显著降低(P＜0.01),而母鸡无明显变化(P＞0.05),同时,公鸡的料重比显著提高(P＜0.01);2)与适温组相比,高温组各性别北京油鸡的肉质性状均无明显变化(P＞0.05);3)对公鸡而言,热暴露12 d时腹脂、肌间脂肪和皮下脂肪沉积率及胴体率、腿比率与适温组相比均无显著差异(P＞0.05).热暴露23 d时各部位脂肪沉积率均显著降低(P＜0.01),而胴体率和腿比率显著提高(P＜0.05);对母鸡而言,热暴露12d时腹脂、肌间脂肪沉积率显著降低(P＜0.05),热暴露23 d时皮下脂肪率显著降低(P＜0.05),腹脂、肌间脂肪沉积率及胴体率、腿比率与适温组相比均无显著差异(P＞0.05).结果提示,热暴露12 d,各性别油鸡的日增体质量均显著降低,随着热暴露进一步延续,公鸡日增体质量的降低幅度加大,而母鸡的已无明显变化;随着热暴露时间的延长,公鸡的脂肪沉积逐渐下降,而母鸡的脂肪沉积下降程度有所缓解.  相似文献   

肌肉生长抑制素对动物肌肉、脂肪和骨骼的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

杨永生  贺建华  邓惠中  谢红兵  江碧波  罗佳捷 《动物营养学报》2012,(2):220-225

肌肉生长抑制素是转化生长因子 β超家族成员之一,具有众多的生理功能。近来的研究表明,肌肉生长抑制素除对肌肉生长有负调控作用外,还对脂肪的沉积和骨骼的生长发育具有调节作用,甚至还能影响肌腱和韧带的强硬度。本文主要从肌肉生长抑制素的结构、基因表达及其对动物肌肉、脂肪和骨骼的作用等方面进行综述。  相似文献   

饲粮蛋白质和脂肪来源对育成前期蓝狐营养物质消化率和氮代谢的影响     

云春凤  耿业业  张铁涛  崔虎  高秀华  杨福合  邢秀梅 《动物营养学报》2012,(9):1721-1730

本试验旨在研究饲粮蛋白质和脂肪来源对育成前期蓝狐营养物质消化率和氮代谢的影响。试验采用双因子试验设计,设植物性蛋白质(P植)和动物性蛋白质(P动)2个蛋白质来源,豆油(F植)和猪油(F动)2个脂肪来源,配制4种试验饲粮(P植F植、P植F动、P动F植、P动F动)。选取(55±5)日龄、体重相近的健康蓝狐80只,随机分成4组(每组20只,公母各占1/2),每组随机饲喂1种试验饲粮。预试期14 d,正试期60 d。结果表明:P植组蓝狐的干物质、粗蛋白质和总能消化率显著或极显著高于P动组(P<0.05或P<0.01),但蛋白质生物学价值却极显著低于P动组(P<0.01);F动组蓝狐的粗脂肪消化率极显著低于F植组(P<0.01),但氮摄入量、氮沉积、净蛋白质利用率和蛋白质生物学效价则显著或极显著高于F植组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。由此得出,蓝狐对植物性蛋白质饲料中各营养物质的消化率较高,但蛋白质生物学价值却极显著低于动物性蛋白质饲料,所以蓝狐实际生产中要想以植物性蛋白质饲料为主则要考虑氨基酸平衡问题;豆油的脂肪消化率虽较高,但猪油可以提高氮的利用和沉积,所以动、植物混合油脂的生产效果会更好。  相似文献   

Effects of porcine leptin receptor gene polymorphisms on backfat thickness,fat area ratios by image analysis,and serum leptin concentrations in a Duroc purebred population     

Yoshinobu UEMOTO  Takashi KIKUCHI  Hikaru NAKANO  Shuji SATO  Tomoya SHIBATA  Hiroshi KADOWAKI  Kazuo KATOH  Eiji KOBAYASHI  Keiichi SUZUKI 《Animal Science Journal》2012,83(5):375-385

The leptin receptor (LEPR) gene is considered a candidate gene for fatness traits. It is located on SSC 6 in a region in which quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for backfat thickness (BF), fat area ratios, and serum leptin concentration (LEPC) have previously been detected in a Duroc purebred population. The objectives of the present study were to identify porcine LEPR polymorphisms and examine the effects of LEPR polymorphisms on fatness traits in this same population. The Duroc pigs (226 to 953 pigs) were evaluated for BF, fat area ratios using image analysis, and LEPC. A total of seven single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the full‐length LEPR coding region were identified in pigs from the base population. Four non‐synonymous SNPs of the LEPR gene and 15 microsatellite markers on SSC 6 were then genotyped in all pigs. During candidate gene analysis, we detected significant effects of the non‐synonymous SNP c.2002C>T in exon 14 on all traits. In fine mapping analysis, significant QTLs for BF, fat area ratios, and LEPC were detected near the LEPR gene in the same region. These results indicated that the c.2002C>T SNP of LEPR has a strong effect on BF, fat area ratios and LEPC.  相似文献   

Increased intramuscular fat improves both ‘chewiness’ and ‘hardness’ as defined in ISO5492:1992 of beef Longissimus muscle of Holstein × Japanese Black F1 steers     

Keisuke SASAKI  Michiyo MOTOYAMA  Takumi NARITA 《Animal Science Journal》2012,83(4):338-343

  相似文献   

Lysolecithin,but not lecithin,improves nutrient digestibility and growth rates in young broilers     

A. L. Wealleans  J. Buyse  D. Scholey  L. Van Campenhout  E. Burton  M. Di Benedetto 《British poultry science》2020,61(4):414-423

ABSTRACT

1. The potential of lecithin and lysolecithin to improve lipid digestion and growth performance was investigated in three experiments: 1. an in vitro model that mimics the intestinal conditions of the chick, 2. a digestibility trial with chicks (5–7 days of age), and 3. a performance trial until 21 days of age.

2. In experiment 1, palm oil (PO), palm oil with lecithin (PO+L), and palm oil with lysolecithin (PO+LY) were subjected to in vitro hydrolysis and applied to Caco-2 monolayers to assess lipid absorption.

3. The in vitro hydrolysis rate of triglycerides was higher in PO+LY (k = 11.76 × 10³/min) than in either PO (k = 9.73 × 10³/min) or PO+L (k = 8.41 × 10³/min), and the absorption of monoglycerides and free fatty acids was highest (P < 0.01) for PO+LY. In experiment 2, 90 broilers were assigned to three dietary treatments: a basal diet with 4% palm oil, and the basal diet supplemented with either 250 ppm lecithin or lysolecithin.

4. ATTD of crude fat was higher in broilers supplemented with lysolecithin, but was lower in broilers supplemented with lecithin. DM digestibility and AMEn in birds supplemented with lysolecithin were significantly higher (3.03% and 0.47 MJ/kg, respectively).

5. In experiment 3, 480 broilers were randomly allocated to four dietary treatments: basal diet with soybean oil (2%), basal diet with lecithin (2%), soybean oil diet with 250 ppm lysolecithin, or lecithin oil diet with 250 ppm lysolecithin.

6. Lecithin diets significantly reduced weight at day 10 and 21 compared with soybean oil. However, the addition of lysolecithin to lecithin-containing diets significantly improved bird performance.

7. The results of these studies showed that, in contrast to lecithin, lysolecithin was able to significantly improve the digestibility and energy values of feed in young broilers.  相似文献   

河田鸡肌内脂肪沉积规律的研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李忠荣  刘景  叶鼎承  陈婉如 《福建畜牧兽医》2014,(6):3-4

本试验旨在研究河田鸡肌内脂肪的沉积规律，试验于第14 d、28 d、42 d、56 d、70 d、84 d、98 d、112 d对河田鸡肉鸡进行屠宰，测定腹脂率、胸肌肌内脂肪含量。结果表明：（1）公鸡胸肌肌内脂肪含量从42 d开始，均显著高于14 d（P＜0.05）；42 d到98 d公鸡肌内脂肪含量差异不显著（P＞0.05）。母鸡胸肌肌内脂肪含量从14 d到84 d，肌内脂肪含量差异不显著（P＞0.05）；98 d、112 d肌内脂肪含量均显著高于14 d及28 d（P＜0.05）。无论性别，胸肌肌内脂肪含量随日龄的增加呈上升趋势。（2）河田鸡胸肌肌内脂肪含量与腹脂率呈显著正相关关系（P＜0.05）。  相似文献   

过瘤胃保护甜菜碱和过瘤胃保护胆碱对1～3月龄湖羊生长性能、消化性能、屠宰性能和脂肪沉积的影响     

姜贝贝  李华伟  王洪荣 《动物营养学报》2017,29(5)

本试验旨在研究过瘤胃保护甜菜碱(RPB)和过瘤胃保护胆碱(RPC)对1~3月龄湖羊生长性能、消化性能、屠宰性能和脂肪沉积的影响。试验选用30只体重相近的1月龄左右的湖羊公羔,随机分成3组,分别为对照组、RPB组和RPC组,每组10只。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,RPB组和RPC组则饲喂在基础饲粮干物质(DM)基础上分别添加2.9 g/kg RPB和2.5 g/kg RPC的试验饲粮。预试期21 d,正试期54 d。结果表明:1)饲粮中添加RPB和RPC对1~3月龄湖羊的平均日增重、平均日采食量和料重比均无显著影响(P0.05),但RPB组、RPC组的平均日增重较对照组分别增加了19.97%和27.75%。2)饲粮中添加RPB和RPC对1~3月龄湖羊的粗蛋白质(CP)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)、DM和有机物(OM)的表观消化率均无显著影响(P0.05)。3)饲粮中添加RPB和RPC均可以显著降低1~3月龄湖羊的背膘厚(P0.05),对宰前活重、屠宰率、胴体重、GR值、眼肌面积、腹脂重、肾周脂肪重和肌内脂肪(IMF)含量无显著影响(P0.05),但RPB组和RPC组眼肌面积较对照组分别增加了10.86%和3.16%,IMF含量较对照组分别增加了17.27%和36.36%,肾周脂肪重较对照组分别降低了20.60%和22.67%。综合以上试验结果得出,饲粮中添加2.9 g/kg RPB或2.5 g/kg RPC均可以改善1~3月龄湖羊的脂肪沉积部位和胴体品质,并且从消化性能、生长性能和屠宰性能来看,在满足维持需要的饲粮营养水平下,2种添加剂的作用相当  相似文献   

皮革厂肉膜下脚料营养物质与重金属分析     

周能  周振 《湖北农业科学》2017,56(12)

对皮革厂下脚料肉膜的脂肪、蛋白质、重金属和硫的含量进行分析。结果表明,采用酸水解法测定肉膜中的脂肪含量为4%~5%;双缩脲法测定蛋白质的含量为1.5%左右;火焰原子吸收光谱法测定重金属含量,镉的含量为0.75 mg/kg,高于鸡、猪配合饲料国家标准值(0.5 mg/kg),其他重金属含量符合配合饲料国家标准值;重量法测定硫的含量约0.9%。  相似文献   

Research Progress on Milk Fat Globule Membrane Proteins     

GAO San-si  SHEN Tai-yu  YU Hong-jiang  ZHU Kui-ling  ZHANG Zi-yang  HUANG Bao-yin  XU Chuang  XIA Cheng 《中国畜牧兽医》2016,43(7):1805-1811

Milk fat globule membrane protein is packaged outside the fat granule during mammary gland lactating. Milk fat globule membrane has three-layered structure composed of phospholipids,sphingolipids and proteins. Milk fat globule membrane protein contains more than one hundred kinds of proteins,of which there are the most abundant of eight kinds of proteins including mucin 1,xanthine oxidoreductase,mucin 15,CD36,butyrophilin,lactadherin,adipophilin,fatty acid binding protein .Milk fat globule membrane protein has been shown to have special value which reflects the physiological state of cow,affects the growth of calf and maternal immune as a source of nutrition and immunity for calves,and affects the human and animal's immunity regulation and physical fitness,it may be applied to treat diseases in the future. This article summaries the study of milk fat globule membrane protein in recent years aimed at describing the source,composition of the milk fat globule membrane proteins,introducing a novel established structure of milk fat globule membrane protein,explaining the physiological characteristics of some main proteins and progress in milk fat globule membrane proteins research and making recommendations for future research directions.  相似文献