去皮炒附片炮制过程中酯型乌头碱动态变化规律的研究     

胡静远  侯大斌 《中国农学通报》2018,34(28):153-159

为揭示附子高温无水炮制的机理,研究不同炮制工艺有效成分转化的差异,以去皮炒附片为研究对象,通过与厂家合作的方式在实际生产过程中取样,测定采用HPLC法,以乙腈-四氢呋喃和乙酸铵冰乙酸水溶液作为流动相,梯度洗脱,对去皮炒附片6种酯型乌头碱在炮制过程中动态变化规律进行详细研究,结果表明,乌头碱和新乌头碱均在炒制2 min时内消失,次乌头碱则下降为原来的18.1%。3种单酯型乌头碱中,炒制2 min时苯甲酰次乌头原碱上升至最大值的48.5%,苯甲酰新乌头原碱上升至62.2%,苯甲酰乌头原碱上升至70.3%。炒制4 min时,三者分别上升至最大值的100%、96.1%和74.4%。总双酯型乌头碱在炒制2 min后仅剩12.2%,总单酯型乌头碱在2 min时上升至最大值的59.1%,4 min时上升至98.6%。总酯型乌头碱在2 min时下降为原来的54.8%,4 min时回升至79.1%,之后基本维持在79.1%~80.5%,10 min时再次下降为原来的78.0%。从测定结果可以看出,双酯型乌头碱到单酯型乌头碱的转化区间集中在炒制4 min内。存在单酯型乌头碱下降区间与双酯型乌头碱上升区间不一致现象,且总酯型乌头碱含量先下降后上升。推测可能由于双酯型乌头碱向单酯型乌头碱转化过程中存在中间体。  相似文献   

烟草总植物碱国际共同实验测定方法的比对     

李跑  马雁军  马莉  张威  周骏  杜国荣 《湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2017,43(4)

联合国际烟草科学研究合作中心(CORESTA)10家国际共同实验室,对8个烟草样品分别用水和乙酸萃取、用连续流动(硫氰酸钾)法(NM法)替代高毒性氰化钾法(CRM35法)提取总植物碱,8个烟草样品的总植物碱含量为1.00%~5.00%。使用重现性和再现性、配对T检验、Bland–Altman、Passing–Bablok回归方法,对10个实验室的检测数据进行比对。结果表明:NM法和CRM35法的测定值相近;水萃取结果都略高于乙酸萃取结果,相对平均偏差小于4.00%;水萃取法和乙酸萃取法之间存在线性关系,且可以通过Passing–Bablok回归法实现不同萃取体系结果的相互转化。NM法避免了使用高毒的氰化钾试剂,且得到结果与CRM35一致,适用于烟草中总植物碱的测定。  相似文献   

Comparison of nutritional and antinutritional traits among different species (Lupinus albus L., Lupinus luteus L., Lupinus angustifolius L.) and varieties of lupin seeds          下载免费PDF全文

N. Musco  M. I. Cutrignelli  S. Calabrò  R. Tudisco  F. Infascelli  R. Grazioli  V. Lo Presti  F. Gresta  B. Chiofalo 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2017,101(6):1227-1241

In order to promote the use of lupin in pig nutrition, in this research the nutritional characteristics (i.e. dietary fibre, alkaloid and fatty acid profile) and the in vitro gas production of 12 lupin varieties grown in the Mediterranean basin and belonging to three lupin species (Lupinus albus, Lupinus angustifolius and Lupinus luteus) were assessed. Four varieties of L. albus (Asfer, Lublanc, Lutteur and Multitalia) were grown in South Campania. Three varieties of L. luteus (Dukat, Mister and Taper), three of L. angustifolius (Jindalee, Sonet and Wonga) and two of L. albus (Rosetta and Luxor) were grown in Eastern Sicily. Lupinus albus varieties showed interesting nutritional and dietetic characteristics (i.e. high protein and low fibre content); the lipid fraction, rather elevated, is well represented by monounsaturated fatty acids (544 g/kg), whereas saturated fatty acids (SFAs) are less represented (167 g/kg) and the n‐3/n‐6 ratio (0.510) is the most favourable. Lupinus luteus varieties presented the most remarkable dietetic aspects, in terms of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content (569 g/kg), n‐6 PUFA series (490 g/kg), UFA/SFA (5.24) and PUFA/SFA (3.56) ratios and atherogenic (0.059) and thrombogenic (0.100) indices and very low alkaloid content (1.07 mg per 100 g). Lupinus angustifolius varieties showed the least interesting nutritional and dietetic characteristics: low protein and fat content, high fibre level, high SFA amount (248 g/kg) and the lowest favourable nutritional indices (IA: 0.164 and IT: 0.334). Regarding the fermentation process, in L. albus, the tendency to increase the rate of gas production during the early stages of fermentation suggests that the high presence of alkaloids did not affect the in vitro degradability, production of short‐chain fatty acids and fermentation process, probably due to their concentration and/or water solubility. Lupinus angustifolius and L. luteus showed intermediate and slightly worse in vitro fermentation patterns respectively. From a nutritional and dietetic point of view, lupin may represent an interesting alternative to soya bean in pig feeding.  相似文献   

苦参生物碱体外抗菌活性研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陈度煌 《中国动物保健》2010,12(1):28-30

采用杯碟法和对倍稀释法测定苦参生物碱对大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、嗜水气单胞菌、枯草杆菌的抑菌效果和最低抑菌浓度(MIC)。应用扫描电镜方法观察苦参生物碱对大肠杆菌形态结构的影响。结果显示,20mg/ml苦参生物碱对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、嗜水气单胞菌的抑菌圈分别是18.8mm、12.6mm和6.4mm,MIC分别是5mg/ml、8mg/ml和20mg/ml,而对沙门氏菌、枯草杆菌无抑菌作用。扫描电镜观察,苦参醇提物使大肠杆菌的菌体形态结构发生明显变化,表现为菌体固缩变形,中间凹陷,呈规则元宝状,严重者细胞壁破损,内容物外泄。  相似文献   

霍山石斛生物碱的提取及铁皮石斛的鉴别          下载免费PDF全文

高雨晨  林丽  闫冰冰  夏姚姚  李圆圆  薛雯雯  杜先锋 《安徽农业大学学报》2023,50(1):175

采用超声波辅助酶法提取霍山石斛中的生物碱，通过对固液比、超声时间、超声功率、酶解时间、复合酶（纤维素酶和果胶酶1∶1等活力混合）质量分数的单因素试验和正交试验，确定提取最佳的条件；通过气相色谱-质谱法对霍山石斛中生物碱的组成成分进行分析；通过傅里叶变换红外光谱及二阶导数变换谱图快速鉴定霍山石斛和铁皮石斛。结果表明，当固液比为1:40（g·mL^-1），超声时间为20 min，超声波功率为200 W，复合酶（纤维素酶和果胶酶1∶1等活力混合）添加量1.5%，酶解时间1.5 h为提取条件时，提取效率最佳，生物碱得率为0.053%。根据气相色谱-质谱法检测结果可得知，相对于铁皮石斛，霍山石斛的石斛碱和6-羟基石斛次碱为其特殊生物碱。二阶导数变换谱图可更直观地通过二者峰形状、个数和强度的不同来区分。因此，可以将气相色谱质谱联用和傅里叶红外光谱结合在一起来高效鉴定霍山石斛与铁皮石斛。  相似文献   

Toxicologic Insults to the Bovine Liver     

《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice》2022,38(3):421-432

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Antifungal alkaloids from the branch-leaves of Clausena lansium Lour. Skeels (Rutaceae)     

Yu-Wei Zhang  Xiao-Xiang Fu  Ji-Guang Chen  Yu-Le Yang  Wei-Xuan Wu  Su-Ling Xiao  Ying-Jin Huang  Wen-Wen Peng 《Pest management science》2023,79(8):2675-2685

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Antifungal effects of amaryllidaceous alkaloids from bulbs of Lycoris spp. against Magnaporthe oryzae     

Siwei Qiao  Jingyuan Yao  Qizhi Wang  Linwei Li  Bi Wang  Xu Feng  Zhong Wang  Min Yin  Yu Chen  Shu Xu 《Pest management science》2023,79(7):2423-2432

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