Genome-wide association for milk production and lactation curve parameters in Holstein dairy cows     

Hadi Atashi  Mazdak Salavati  Jenne De Koster  Jim Ehrlich  Mark Crowe  Geert Opsomer  the GplusE consortium  Miel Hostens 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2020,137(3):292-304

The aim of this study was to identify genomic regions associated with 305-day milk yield and lactation curve parameters on primiparous (n = 9,910) and multiparous (n = 11,158) Holstein cows. The SNP solutions were estimated using a weighted single-step genomic BLUP approach and imputed high-density panel (777k) genotypes. The proportion of genetic variance explained by windows of 50 consecutive SNP (with an average of 165 Kb) was calculated, and regions that accounted for more than 0.50% of the variance were used to search for candidate genes. Estimated heritabilities were 0.37, 0.34, 0.17, 0.12, 0.30 and 0.19, respectively, for 305-day milk yield, peak yield, peak time, ramp, scale and decay for primiparous cows. Genetic correlations of 305-day milk yield with peak yield, peak time, ramp, scale and decay in primiparous cows were 0.99, 0.63, 0.20, 0.97 and −0.52, respectively. The results identified three windows on BTA14 associated with 305-day milk yield and the parameters of lactation curve in primi- and multiparous cows. Previously proposed candidate genes for milk yield supported by this work include GRINA, CYHR1, FOXH1, TONSL, PPP1R16A, ARHGAP39, MAF1, OPLAH and MROH1, whereas newly identified candidate genes are MIR2308, ZNF7, ZNF34, SLURP1, MAFA and KIFC2 (BTA14). The protein lipidation biological process term, which plays a key role in controlling protein localization and function, was identified as the most important term enriched by the identified genes.  相似文献   

摩拉、尼里及其中国水牛杂交后代的若干泌乳生理特性的观察   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陆天水  陈伟华  庄康  韩正康  梁纪豪  吴坚新 《南京农业大学学报》1987,(3)

选用泌乳摩拉水牛19头、尼里14头和三品杂11头,测定排乳反射潜伏期,各乳叶的乳池乳、反射乳和残留乳,并采乳样测定干物质含量,乳脂率和乳脂球直径。观测排乳速率的动态变化。 结果表明:排乳反射潜伏期以摩拉较长,且易出现排乳抑制,尼里居次,三品杂较短。乳池乳依次为5.24±3.92,3.13±2.83,2.58±1.07％;反射乳为82.29±20.66,86.83±31.55,91.08±18.19％;残留乳为12.17±5.17,5.79±2.25,10.60±6.43％。三部分乳的干物质含量、乳脂率和乳脂球直径一般以残留乳最高,乳池乳较低。左右两侧乳叶泌乳量相似。排乳持续时间4—12分钟,排乳高峰多在第2—4分钟,往往有排乳间断现象。  相似文献   

Changes in nutrient balance,methane emissions,physiologic biomarkers,and production performance in goats fed different forage-to-concentrate ratios during lactation     

Carlos Fernndez  Alberto Hernndez  Julio Gomis-Tena  Juan J Loor 《Journal of animal science》2021,99(7)

The objective was to determine the effect forage-to-concentrate (F:C) ratio and stage of lactation on methane emissions, digestibility, nutrient balance, lactation performance, and metabolic responses in lactating goats. Twenty Murciano-Granadina dairy goats were used in an experiment divided into 3 periods: early (30 d), mid (100 d), and late (170 d) lactation. All goats were fed a diet with 35:65 F:C (FCL) during early-lactation. Then, 1 group (n = 10 goats) remained on FCL through mid- and late-lactation while the other group (n = 10 goats) was fed a diet with 50:50 F:C at mid-lactation (FCM) and 65:35 (FCH) at late lactation. A greater proportion of concentrate in the diet was associated with greater overall intake and digestibility (P < 0.05). Energy balance was negative in early-lactation (−77 kJ/kg of BW^0.75, on average) and positive for FCL at mid- and late-lactation (13 and 35 kJ/kg of BW^0.75, respectively). Goats fed FCM and FCH maintained negative energy balance throughout lactation. Plasma concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids at mid-lactation were greater for FCM than FCL (680 mEq/L), and at late-lactation concentrations were greater for FCH and FCL (856 mEq/L). A similar response was detected for plasma β-hydroxybutyrate. Methane emission was greater (P < 0.05) for FCM than FCH (1.7 g CH₄/d). This study demonstrated that differences in F:C across stages of lactation lead to distinct metabolic responses at the level of the rumen and tissues.  相似文献   

Milk plasmin, antitrypsin, N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase and bacterial growth in lactoserum during the early post partum period     

Satu Pyrl  Liisa Kaartinen 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》1988,29(2):145-150

The activities of plasmin, N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase (NAGase) and antitrypsin in milk were determined during 1 week post partum. The concentration of NAGase and antitrypsin in milk decreased significantly during this period. A slight decrease in plasmin activity was also seen. Replication rates of E. coli and S. aureus in lactoserum were also determined. Both test bacteria showed a tendency for increasing growth rates towards the end of the period. Growth of E. coli was significantly (p < 0.01) enhanced in day 2 samples as compared with samples collected during the first day post partum.  相似文献   

The effect of peri-parturient anthelmintic treatment on the productivity of dairy cattle in subtropical western India     

P. K. Sanyal  D. K. Singh  M. R. Knox 《Veterinary research communications》1992,16(6):445-451

Trials with fenbendazole (Panacur, Hoechst India Ltd) were carried out on two commercial farms in subtropical western India to study the response and economics of nematode treatment in adult dairy cows. Milk yield, lactation length, time to first oestrus and worm egg output were monitored in treated and control groups. Treatment reduced the egg count considerably. Treated cows produced 142 litres more milk over 100 days (p<0.05), with extension of lactation length and advancement of time to first oestrus. The economic gain in terms of milk yield far outweighed the cost of anthelmintic used.  相似文献   

复合微生态制剂对母黑豚繁殖性能、泌乳性能及仔黑豚生长性能的影响     

王怀禹  粟元文  吕远蓉  何文 《中国饲料》2019,(19):65-68

试验通过研究复合微生态制剂对母黑豚繁殖性能、泌乳性能及仔黑豚生长性能的影响,以期为复合微生态制剂在黑豚养殖生产中的推广应用奠定基础。试验采用单因子完全随机设计,将40对种黑豚随机分成对照组、试验Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组4个处理组,分别饲喂在基础日粮中添加0、0.5、1.0、2.0g/kg复合微生态制剂的日粮,试验结束测定平均产仔数、平均活仔数、平均活仔率、仔黑豚初生平均重、泌乳力、总耗料量、料乳比、仔黑豚平均日增重、仔黑豚平均成活率等指标。结果显示:试验Ⅰ组的料乳比较对照组降低3.40%(P<0.05);试验Ⅱ组的平均活仔数、平均活仔率、初生平均重、泌乳力、总耗料量、平均日增重、平均成活率较对照组分别提高19.44%、19.87%、2.82%、28.80%、21.21%、4.05%、18.01%(P<0.05),料乳比较对照组降低5.97%(P<0.05);试验Ⅲ组的平均活仔数、平均活仔率、初生平均重、泌乳力、总耗料量、平均日增重、平均成活率较对照组分别提高22.22%、19.23%、2.77%、26.91%、19.48%、3.81%、15.12%,料乳比较对照组降低5.88%(P<0.05);试验Ⅱ组与试验Ⅲ组之间,各检测指标差异均不显著(P>0.05)。综上,复合微生态制剂可显著提高母黑豚繁殖性能、泌乳性能和仔黑豚生长性能,其最适添加剂量为1.0g/kg。  相似文献   

5-羟色胺对围产期母羊生产性能及血浆和乳中钙转运相关生化指标的影响     

桑丹  娜美日嘎  孙海洲  金鹿  张崇志  李胜利  王双锁  刘拥军  敖长金 《动物营养学报》2019,31(7):3174-3180

本试验旨在研究5-羟色胺(5-HT)对围产期母羊生产性能及血浆和乳中钙转运相关生化指标的影响。试验选用30只巴美肉羊母羊,按体重随机分为3组,分别为对照组、5-羟基色胺酸(5-HTP)组(灌注5-HTP)和色氨酸(Trp)组(灌注Trp),每组10只。在母羊围产期产前第7天至产后第0天,进行颈静脉灌注,5-HTP和Trp的灌注剂量均为0.178 mg/kg BW,浓度为0.1 mg/mL;对照组灌注同等剂量的生理盐水。试验期为产前第7天至产后第30天。结果表明:1)各组间母羊体重无显著差异(P>0.05)。产后第5、9和15天,Trp组母羊泌乳量均低于对照组(P>0.05);产后第9和15天,5-HTP组母羊泌乳量均高于对照组(P>0.05)。产后第16~30天,5-HTP组羔羊平均日增重显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。2)产后第15天,Trp组血浆和乳中钙浓度显著高于对照组(P<0.05);产后第3、6和15天,5-HTP组血浆和乳中钙浓度显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。产后第6天,Trp组血浆5-HT浓度显著高于对照组(P<0.05);产后第30天,Trp组乳中5-HT浓度显著高于对照组(P<0.05);产后第6、9和30天,5-HTP组血浆和乳中5-HT浓度显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。产后第3、6和15天,Trp组和5-HTP组血浆甲状旁腺素相关蛋白(PTHrP)浓度均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。由此可见,灌注5-HTP可以促进母羊泌乳,提高羊羔平均日增重;灌注5-HTP和Trp可以增加血浆和乳中钙、5-HT浓度及血浆PTHrP浓度。  相似文献   

酵母培养物对泌乳期水牛生长性能、泌乳性能、养分消化及血液代谢指标的影响     

张蕾  田梅  赵兴鑫  杨洁  房灿  李玉卡 《中国饲料》2019,(18):41-45

文章旨在探讨饲料添加酵母培养物对泌乳早期至中期初产和经产水牛泌乳性能、养分消化及血液代谢指标的影响。试验选择平均体重为(520.4±10.5)kg的水牛24头,随机分为2组,每组12头,每个重复1头。对照组饲喂全混合日粮,处理组在对照组日粮基础上添加12 g/kg酵母培养物,试验从分娩后15~180 d开始,记录采食量、体重和产奶量,并收集乳样本和血液样本进行分析。收集泌乳期早期45~47 d、泌乳期中期90~92 d的粪便,测定干物质、有机物、粗蛋白质、粗纤维表观消化率,计算能量校正乳、饲料转化率、能量和氮利用效率。结果显示,酵母培养物组水牛较对照组提高了干物质和粗蛋白质的采食量(P <0.05)。与对照组相比,处理组泌乳中期干物质和有机物表观消化率显著提高(P <0.05)。初产组水牛日粮添加酵母培养物较对照组显著提高了泌乳中期水牛粗纤维表观消化率(P <0.05)。添加酵母培养物后,总血脂水平显著降低(P <0.05),此外,酵母培养物处理组显著提高了初产水牛的产奶量、能量校正乳、脂肪和蛋白质产量(P <0.05)。结论:酵母培养物对水牛的影响与胎次有关,酵母培养物可以提高经产水牛干物质摄入量和粗纤维消化率,但对体重无显著影响,从而使能量校正乳产量更高,脂肪动员更少。日粮添加酵母培养物可以增加水牛泌乳早期的产奶量,并一直延续到泌乳中期,最终提高饲料转化率、能量和氮的利用效率。  相似文献   

香味剂对高温应激条件下母猪泌乳性能的影响     

王俊峰  张新燕  胡奎 《中国饲料》2019,(4):41-44

试验旨在研究高温应激条件下,日粮添加香味剂对母猪泌乳和产仔性能及仔猪生长性能的影响。选择平均胎次为2.5、妊娠110 d的母猪300头,随机分为3组,每组100头猪。采用单因素试验设计,共3种日粮,处理1组饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础日粮,处理2组在基础日粮中添加250 g/kg香味剂,处理3组在基础日粮中添加500 g/kg香味剂,试验由分娩当天开始,到断奶再发情结束。各组对母猪的采食量有显著影响,其中处理3组较处理1组和处理2组显著提高了母猪采食量(P <0.05),处理2组显著高于对照组(P <0.05)。与处理2组相比,处理3组使母猪的采食量提高了9.6%(P <0.05)。处理3组较处理2组及处理2组较处理1组显著提高了断奶后仔猪头数(P <0.05)。与处理2和处理1组相比,处理3组显著提高了泌乳期间仔猪的平均日增重(P <0.05),同时也显著提高了仔猪的断奶重(P <0.05)。处理1组呼吸频率最低(P <0.05),香味剂对直肠温度也有显著影响,处理2组和处理3组直肠温度显著高于处理1组(P <0.05)。综上所述,高温应激条件下,日粮添加香味剂可以提高母猪的采食量和泌乳性能,同时采食量的提高可以促进仔猪生长性能,降低热应激对母猪的负面影响。  相似文献   

不同比例青干草与青贮玉米对崂山奶山羊泌乳性能和血清生化指标的影响     

李永臻  苗福泓  杨国锋  程明  袁力  孙娟 《动物营养学报》2016,(9):2962-2968

本文旨在研究不同比例青干草与青贮玉米对崂山奶山羊泌乳性能和血清生化指标的影响。选择产奶量为(1.65±0.05)kg/d的崂山奶山羊2胎母羊20只,随机分为4组,粗饲料青干草与青贮玉米比例分别为8∶2(试验Ⅰ组)、6∶4(试验Ⅱ组)、4∶6(试验Ⅲ组)、2∶8(试验Ⅳ组),每组5只。预试期7 d,正试期60 d。结果表明:各组产奶量、干物质采食量和料奶比无显著差异(P0.05)。乳脂含量在第0天、第20天、第40天无显著差异(P0.05),第60天试验Ⅱ组显著高于试验Ⅲ组(P0.05)。试验Ⅱ组的乳蛋白含量平均值显著高于其他各组(P0.05)。试验Ⅱ组和试验Ⅳ组的血清葡萄糖含量均显著高于试验Ⅰ组(P0.05),试验Ⅱ组的血清胆固醇含量为最低值,且显著低于试验Ⅲ组(P0.05)。综合得出,崂山奶山羊粗饲料青干草与青贮玉米以6∶4组合效果最好,乳脂、乳蛋白、乳糖等营养物质含量相对较高,血清中胆固醇含量相对较低。  相似文献