The estimation of ‘available lysine’ in human foods by three chemical procedures     

Kenneth J. Carpenter  Frederick H. Steinke  George L. Catignani  Harold E. Swaisgood  M. C. Allerd  J. L. MacDonald  Marc Schelstraete 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1989,39(1):129-135

Seventeen test foods were each analyzed by four methods. Total lysine was measured by conventional amino acid analysis. Reactive lysine was measured with either fluorodinitrobenzene, o-phthalaldehyde or a differential dye-binding procedure. The results were then compared with another group's results from rat growth assays of the same samples for availably lysine. A sample of deliberately heat-damaged milk powder gave a rat assay value corresponding to 64% of its total lysine content; other values were all higher and on average 99% for 7 animal products, and 87% for 9 vegetable products. The correlation coefficient between the two sets of values was 0.95. The reactive lysine procedures failed to give a better prediction of the rat values.  相似文献   

Bioavailability of lysine in selected foods by rat growth assay     

F. E. McDonough  C. E. Bodwell  A. D. Hitchins  R. S. Staples 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1989,39(1):67-75

Lysine bioavailabilities in reference protein and 16 test protein diets were estimated using 10 day rat growth assays. A standard growth curve was obtained by feeding 5 diets containing casein, zein and synthetic amino acids ranging in total lysine concentration from 0.3 to 0.7%. Experimental foods were added to the basal diet at the expense of zein and/or synthetic amino acids to provide 2 specific lysine concentrations, i.e., 0.4 and 0.6%. Availabilities were established by comparing growth responses from the test food diets to the regression line of the standard growth data. Availabilities were over 88% for 13 of 16 products. Utilization was poor in pinto beans (73%), rice-wheat gluten cereal (70%), and skim milk powder heated to 100°C for 12 h (66%). Addition of excess lysine (700 mg/100 g diet) to the pinto bean diet did not improve growth response; thus poor digestibility or some unidentified growth inhibitor is indicated.  相似文献   

生长前期北京鸭赖氨酸与精氨酸互作关系研究     

张再明  侯水生  谢明  黄苇  喻俊英  杨琳 《中国饲料》2011,(10)

试验采用4×5双因子完全随机试验设计,研究不同赖氨酸和精氨酸水平对1～14日龄北京鸭生产性能的影响,进而探讨二者的互作关系。960只1日龄北京鸭随机分为20个处理,每个处理6个重复,每个重复8只鸭子,每个处理组分别饲喂不同赖氨酸和精氨酸水平的试验日粮。各处理组日粮中赖氨酸的总含量分别为0.50%、0.80%、1.10%、1.40%,精氨酸的总含量分别为0.65%、0.90%、1.15%、1.40%、1.65%。试验期为14 d。结果表明:日粮中不同赖氨酸和精氨酸水平对生长前期北京鸭有一定的互作效应。随日粮赖氨酸水平的升高,平均日增重、平均日采食量均表现升高的变化趋势。研究表明,1.40%赖氨酸水平组的平均日增重、平均日采食量极显著高于其他三个水平的赖氨酸处理组。随着日粮精氨酸水平的升高,北京鸭平均日增重、平均日采食量和2周平均体重均表现为先升高后降低的二次曲线变化趋势。分别以平均日增重、平均日采食量、料重比、2周平均体重为指标建立二次曲线模型,得出1～14日龄北京鸭精氨酸水平分别为0.907%、0.906%、0.946%、0.907%,根据赖氨酸/精氨酸比与生产性能关系图,得出最适赖氨酸水平为1.10%,且在...  相似文献   

杜大长生长肥育猪赖氨酸需要的研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

冯定远  刘玉兰  张守全 《华南农业大学学报》2003,24(3):59-61

为修订我国猪饲养标准,选用华南地区杜大长生长肥育猪,测定了其在20～100kg阶段的胴体指标,用无脂瘦肉生长速度预测了赖氨酸需要参数,结果表明应用实测的无脂瘦肉生长速度预测的赖氨酸需要参数与生产实际接近。用实测的无脂瘦肉生长速度建立了赖氨酸需要量的数学模型：真可消化赖氨酸需要量(mg／d)：7652．7059 115．3600m 1．1718m^2—O．0188m^3 36．0000m^0.75(m为体质量)。  相似文献   

山东省近期推广小麦品种的品质分析与分类   总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1  

田纪春  邹琦 《山东农业科学》1990,(2):1-5

本研究对山东省近几年推广的24个小麦品种。包括在省区试中表现较好的尚未定名的8个新品系。按照评价小麦品质的“最优协调方案”进行了粗蛋白、赖氨酸、面筋和沉淀值的测定。并利用系统聚类方法在计算机上进行了单项指标和四项综合考虑的合理分类。  相似文献   

高赖氨酸玉米穗腐和粒腐病的初步研究     

张清润  谢皓  蓝希骞 《北京农学院学报》1989,(3)

从本院高赖氨酸玉米育种试验的自交系和杂交组合的发病果穗中分离并鉴定了84个带菌标样,鉴定结果是:串珠镰刀菌(Fusarium moniliforme)出现的频率最高,禾谷镰刀菌(F.graminearnm)次之,其它菌依次是色二孢菌(Diploiamayais)、长蠕孢菌(Helminthasporum mayais)球二孢菌(Botryodiloaiatheobromae)。此外还有一些其它杂菌,通过对两种镰刀菌的致病力测定,亦属串珠镰刀菌最强。初步确认,该菌是引致本地区高赖氨酸玉米穗、粒腐病的主要病原菌。用该菌在10个杂交组合的王米上进行四期接种、不同组合间感病性差异显著,证明可以通过杂交育种,筛选出抗穗、粒腐病的新品种。  相似文献   

Dry heat popping of amaranth seed might damage some of its essential amino acids     

Luis Raul Tovar  E. Brito  T. Takahashi  T. Miyazawa  J. Soriano  K. Fujimoto 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1989,39(4):299-309

Amaranth was a major crop among the Aztecs. In Mexico the seed is popped and eaten with brown sugar. The crude protein content of the seed is 14±2% but its contents of lysine and tryptophan are 6.2 and 1.6 g/16 g N respectively. We developed a popping method based on a fluid bed system (FBS) whereas the traditional method (TM) is just to pop the seeds manually in a hot plate. Assays carried out were evaluation of racemization of the amaranth protein due to heat treatment, amino acid composition of the raw and heat treated seeds and a biological experiment testing whether leucine was the most limiting amino acid of amaranth protein. Male rats were fed both popped amaranths and roasted amaranth. Parboiled amaranth and casein were controls. The results were: (a) Lys, Arg and Cys were damaged in the heat treated seeds; (b) Asp, Met, Glu, Ala and Phe were racemized in that decreasing order in the seeds popped and roasted by the TM; (c) the estimated net protein retention (NPR) and estimated net protein utilization (NPU) of popped amaranths by either method were not different, but were lower than for the parboiled amaranth. The parboiled amaranth was not different from casein; (d) Leu was not the most limiting amino acid in any of the amaranth seeds tested. After Lys, sulfur amino acids appear to be the next most limiting in severely heat treated amaranth. The FBS seems to be a promising method for popping amaranth at industrial level.  相似文献   

不同粗蛋白和氨基酸组合日粮对实验兔氮代谢和免疫功能的影响     

宋见惠  吕建敏  杨赛珍  蔡月琴  彭定国  陈亮  张利棕  刘建新 《上海交通大学学报(农业科学版)》2008,26(3):223-227

选用100日龄成年日本大耳白兔36只,随机分为6组（Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ和Ⅵ组）,分别喂以6种不同粗蛋白和氨基酸组合的日粮。其中Ⅰ-Ⅲ组日粮粗蛋白水平为12％,赖氨酸含量分别为0．72％,0．9％和1．08％,含硫氨基酸含量分别为0．52％,0．65％和0．78％：Ⅳ—Ⅵ组日粮粗蛋白水平为16％,赖氨酸与含硫氨基酸组成分别与Ⅰ-Ⅲ组相同。通过饲养试验、氮代谢试验和免疫学实验。观察这6种粗蛋白和氨基酸组合日粮对实验兔的氮代谢和免疫功能的影响。试验结果表明,动物的日增重和氮利用率以Ⅲ、Ⅳ组最高,Ⅰ、Ⅵ组最低,Ⅲ、Ⅳ组分别与Ⅰ、Ⅵ差异显著（P〈0．01）,但Ⅲ组的总氮排泄量明显低于Ⅳ组（P〈0．01）。Ⅲ、Ⅳ组动物的脾脏指数和胸腺指数也都高于其他4组动物,Ⅳ组动物的脾脏指数分别与Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅴ和Ⅵ组差异显著（P〈0．01）。抗卵苛白蛋白抗体阳性的动物数以Ⅲ组最多,分别与Ⅱ、Ⅴ和Ⅵ组差异显著（P〈0．05）。血清总蛋白含量随日粮氨基酸水平提高有上升趋势,血清尿素氮含量以Ⅴ和Ⅵ组最高,与其他各组差异显著（P〈0．01,P〈0．05）。综上所述,Ⅲ、Ⅳ组日粮粗蛋白和氨基酸组合比较适宜,考虑到Ⅳ组氮排放量较高,故以Ⅲ组最佳。  相似文献   

农杆菌介导的转高赖氨酸蛋白基因（sb401）水稻T4代分析     

李科  王世全  吴发强  李双成  邓其明  王玲霞  梁越洋  李平 《中国水稻科学》2008,22(2):131-136

通过农杆菌介导的方法用富赖氨酸蛋白基因（sb401）转化粳稻品种日本晴,获得了独立的10个转化株系,对转化株系进行连续自交,通过筛选得到9个纯合的T4代转化株系。 Southern blotting分析发现,整合位点是随机的,并为低拷贝（1~3个）。TAI-PCR扩增得到8个T-DNA侧翼序列,并定位于日本晴的7条染色体上。蛋白质和氨基酸测定分析发现,sb401基因对各株系的蛋白质、赖氨酸和其他氨基酸组分的提高起到了一定的作用。将杂交结果与T-DNA插入位置结合分析发现,在低拷贝的情况下,表达量的差异不明显。  相似文献   

Influence of dietary Lys levels and dietary net energy levels on growth performance and nitrogen balance of growing pigs     

CHEN Liu WANG Kang-ning 《农业科学与技术》2009,(6):17-23

Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of L y s ine（Lys） and Net Energy （NE） levels on growth performance （Exp. I） and N balance （Exp. 2） in growing pig. In Exp. 1, 36 castrated pigs [21.35 -4- 0.55 kg of body weight （BW）] were allotted to six treatments with six replicates per treatment. Pigs were fed two levels of Lys （low and high） and three levels of NE （low, med, or high） in a 2×3 factorial arrangement. The experiment lasted for 35 d. There were no effects of dietary Lys and NE on pig performance （P〉0.05, but a Lys×NE interaction in ADG was observed （P〈0.05）. In Exp. 2, 24 pigs were used to determine the effects of diet in Exp. 1 on pig N balance. Neither Lys nor NE level affected N retention （g/d） （P〉0.0）. Lys×NE interaction in N retention （g/d） （P〈0.01） and in N apparent biological value （ABV） （P〈0.05） was observed. Pigs fed the low Lys diet had lower serum urea nitrogen （SUN） concentrations compared with the high Lys treatment （P〈0.01）. Pigs fed the med-NE diet had lower SUN concentrations compared with the pigs fed the low-NE diet （P〈0.1）. These results suggest that pigs from 21 kg to 50 kg BW fed diets containing 0.83% standardized ileal digestible Lysine and 2351 Kcal of NE/kg had maximum ADG and N retention.  相似文献