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101.
宫本一 《河北农业大学学报》1990,13(3):105-113
本文论述了利用简化动物模型评价种畜育种值的最佳线性无偏预测(BLUP)法的计算效率。根据本文的模拟数据示例和国外文献资料分析表明,包括父亲和外祖父的简化动物模型与通常的动物模型的BLUP计算比较,对于缩小方程组的大小、节省计算机的内存和减少计算时间等方面的效率都较高,而包括父亲和母亲的简化动物模型的效率不如前者。因此,生产能力测验评价种畜育种值需用较大系列方程时,以采用包含父亲和外祖父的简化动物模型的BLUP法为宜。 相似文献
102.
Ankit Magotra Yogesh C. Bangar Ashish Chauhan B.S. Malik Z.S. Malik 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2021,56(7):983-991
The purpose of the present study was to obtain estimates of variance components and genetic parameters for direct and maternal effects on various growth traits in Beetal goat by fitting four animal models, attempting to separate direct genetic, maternal genetic and maternal permanent environmental effects under restricted maximum likelihood procedure. The data of 3,308 growth trait records of Beetal kids born during the period from 2004 to 2019 were used in the present study. Based on best fitted models, the direct additive h2 estimates were 0.06, 0.27, 0.37, 0.17 and 0.10 for birth weight (BWT), weight at 3 (WT3), 6 (WT6), 9 (WT9) and 12 (WT12) months of age, respectively. Maternal permanent environmental effects significantly contributed for 10% and 7% of total variance for BWT and WWT, respectively, which reduced direct heritability by 40 and 10% for respective traits from the models without these effects. For average daily gain (ADG1) and Kleiber ratios (KR1) up to weaning period (3 months) traits, maternal permanent environmental effects accounted for 7% and 8% of phenotypic variance, respectively, and resulted in a reduction of 6.6% and 5.4% in direct h2 of respective traits. For post-weaning traits, the maternal effects were non-significant (p > .05) which indicates diminishing influence of mothering ability for these traits. High and positive genetic correlations were obtained among WT3-WT6, WT6-WT9 and WT9-WT12 with correlations of 0.96 ± 0.25, 0.84 ± 0.23 and 0.90 ± 0.13, respectively. Thus, early selection at weaning age can be practised taking into consideration maternal variation for effective response to selection in Beetal goat. 相似文献
103.
Juliana Ranches Rhaiza Alves Marcelo Vedovatto Elizabeth A Palmer Philipe Moriel John D Arthington 《Journal of animal science》2021,99(3)
A 2-yr study was conducted at the Range Cattle Research and Education Center, University of Florida – Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS) (Ona, FL), to evaluate differences in the metabolism of Cu and Se of Angus (Bos taurus) and Brahman (Bos indicus) cattle. Thirty-two pregnant beef cows (n = 8 Brahman and 8 Angus/yr) were enrolled in the study in the first trimester of gestation. This study consisted of three phases: 1) restriction (day 0 to 90), 2) supplementation (day 91 to 150), and 3) calving. During all three phases, cows were individually fed and housed in partially covered drylot pens. During the restriction and supplementation phases, cows were provided a 1.5 kg/d of a grain-based concentrate supplement, which was fortified with flowers of S (50 g of supplemental S/cow daily; restriction phase) or Cu and Se (100 and 3 mg/d of Cu and Se, respectively; supplementation phase). Blood and liver samples were collected from all cows at 30 d intervals and from both cows and calves within 24 h of calving. Colostrum and milk samples were collected at calving and 7 d after birth. All data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS, where cow and calf were the experimental unit. During the restriction phase, a breed × day effect (P = 0.03) was observed where Brahman had greater liver Cu concentration than Angus cows in all sampling days. For liver Se concentration, a tendency (P = 0.07) for a breed effect was observed where Angus cows tended to have greater liver Se concentration than Brahman. During the supplementation phase, breed (P < 0.001) and day (P < 0.01) effects were observed, where Brahman cows had greater liver Cu concentration than Angus. For liver Se concentration, a day effect (P < 0.001) was observed, where liver Se concentration increased (P < 0.001) from day 90 to 120 and remained unchanged (P = 0.86) until day 150. At calving, no effects of breed (P = 0.34) were observed for liver Cu concentration of cows; however, Brahman calves tended (P = 0.09) to have greater liver Cu concentration than Angus calves. For Se liver concentration at calving, Angus cows tended (P = 0.07) to have greater liver Se concentration than Brahman cows; however, no breed differences (P = 0.70) were observed for liver Se concentration of calves at birth. In summary, substantial differences in multiple indicators of Cu and Se status were observed between Angus and Brahman cattle, implying that Angus and Brahman cattle possibly have different mechanisms to maintain adequate Cu and Se status. 相似文献
104.
Yi Zhang Kounosuke Otomaru Kazunaga Oshima Yuji Goto Ichiro Oshima Susumu Muroya Mitsue Sano Rena Saneshima Yukiko Nagao Aoi Kinoshita Yasuko Okamura Sanggun Roh Akira Ohtsuka Takafumi Gotoh 《Animal Science Journal》2021,92(1):e13600
This study aimed to investigate the effects of high and low levels of energy intake during the entire gestation period on the skeletal muscle development, organ development, and adipose tissue accumulation in fetuses of Wagyu (Japanese Black) cows, a breed with highly marbled beef. Cows were allocated to a high-nutrition (n = 6) group (fed 120% of the nutritional requirement) or low-nutrition (n = 6) group (fed 60% of the nutritional requirement). The cows were artificially inseminated with semen from the same sire, and the fetuses were removed by cesarean section at 260 ± 8.3 days of fetal age and slaughtered. The whole-body, total muscle, adipose, and bone masses of the fetal half-carcasses were significantly higher in the high-nutrition group than the low-nutrition group (p = 0.0018, 0.009, 0.0004, and 0.0362, respectively). Fifteen of 20 individual muscles, five of six fat depots, nine of 17 organs, and seven of 12 bones that were investigated had significantly higher masses in the high-nutrition group than the low-nutrition group. The crude components and amino acid composition of the longissimus muscle significantly differed between the low- and high-nutrition groups. These data indicate that maternal nutrition during gestation has a marked effect on the muscle, bone, and adipose tissue development of Wagyu cattle fetuses. 相似文献
105.
Identifying AFLP and microsatellite markers for vernalization response gene Vrn-B1 in hexaploid wheat using reciprocal mapping populations 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Marker‐assisted selection may be useful for combining specific vernalization response (Vrn) alleles into a single wheat genotype for yield enhancement; however, DNA markers are only available for two of the three genes identified to date. The objectives of this study were to investigate reciprocal effects on days to heading using F2 populations generated by cross‐hybridizing near‐isogenic lines (NILs) carrying spring (Vrn‐B1; TDB) and winter (vrn‐B1; TDC) alleles, and to identify markers linked to Vrn‐B1 through genetic linkage analysis. Heading data were recorded for 91 and 89 progeny from reciprocal mapping populations TDB/TDC and TDC/TDB, respectively, and significant (P < 0.0001) reciprocal and dominance effects were detected. Among 207 amplified fragment length polymorphisms primer pairs and seven wheat microsatellite markers screened, two and one, respectively, were linked distally to Vrn‐B1 on wheat chromosome 5BL. Microsatellite Xgwm408 was most closely linked to Vrn‐B1 at 3.9 and 1.1 cM in the TDB/TDC and TDC/TDB map, respectively. Reciprocal differences in recombination distances emphasize the importance of female parent choice when generating mapping populations. Molecular markers are now available for three Vrn loci in wheat. 相似文献
106.
Christopher L. Brown Serge I. Doroshov Michael D. Cochran Howard A. Bern 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1989,7(1-6):295-299
Elevation of the triiodothyronine (T3) content of striped bass (Morone saxatilis) eggs by maternal T3 injection confirms the uptake of T3 by oocytes. The resulting offspring were influenced favorably by the T3, as seen in quantitative indices of development. As reported previously, larvae from T3-supplemented eggs raised under laboratory conditions exhibited increased body area, length, dry weight, and rates of swimbladder
inflation and survival, compared to controls. Also, the T3 content of unfertilized oocytes correlated positively and highly significantly with survival to two weeks of age within individual
cohorts (Brownet al., 1988). In the present study, the survival of experimental and control striped bass was monitored through the fingerling
stage, under hatchery production conditions. The rate of recovery of maternally T3-treated cohorts from pond-culture was approximately fourfold that of controls. The striking effects of T3 enrichment of eggs on offspring indicate the potential contribution of maternal hormones in striped bass development, and
suggest possible applications in aquaculture. 相似文献
107.
Yukinori Shimada Takahito Shikano Naoto Murakami Tatsuo Tsuzaki Tadahisa Seikai 《Fisheries Science》2007,73(2):244-249
ABSTRACT: To investigate the changes in maternal effects during early development in Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus , four-by-four factorial mating by artificial fertilization was performed to produce 16 families. Larvae and juveniles of each family were reared under common environmental conditions until completion of metamorphosis. The magnitude of maternal effects was estimated as the differences between sire and dam variance. Maternal effects were highest at hatching, and then disappeared at 30 days after hatching. During early development, larval size at hatching was largely affected by egg size, but this effect decreased as larvae grew. Estimated mean heritability during early development was nearly constant (0.14 ± 0.06 for total length and 0.10 ± 0.05 for body depth). Therefore, it is suggested that early development in Japanese flounder is affected by both maternal effect and genetic factors. 相似文献
108.
To enhance efficiency of breeding programmes for Sclerotinia sclerotiorum resistance in sunflower capitula, two separate resistance tests have been recommended. However, the time necessary to develop
genotypes with two types of resistance makes this impractical. A strategy to combine the two tests was consequently proposed
to reduce the number of seasons per selection cycle, but genetic studies were necessary to determine if it could be applied
in breeding programmes. This was the objective of this work. Data from two genetically different sunflower inbred lines and
their F1, F2 and backcross generations were analysed in two years to determine the genetics of resistance to S. sclerotiorum in capitula measured by application on the same plants of a mycelium test combined with an ascospore test. Effects of maternal
origin were detected when the reciprocal generations were evaluated for the mycelium test. This suggests the importance of
choice of the inbred line used as female in population formation by hybridisation. Progeny subjected to the mycelium test
did not show any change in relative reactions to two S. sclerotiorum isolates suggesting that ranking genotypes according to the results of combined S. sclerotiorum tests is repeatable across Sclerotinia isolates and experimental seasons. Moderate narrow sense heritability indicated that selection of the best F2 plants should
be effective. Genetic gain from selection is possible because a reduction of lesion areas produced by the mycelium test can
be expected. Additive gene effects contribute significantly to reduction in lesion area. Consequences of results in population
improvement for S. sclerotiorum resistance in capitula are discussed.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
109.
C. Buonavoglia M. Tollis D. Buonavoglia A. Puccini 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》1992,15(4):281-283
The AA reports the results of vaccination against canine parvovirus (CPV) of pups with maternal antibody, utilizing a modified-live virus (MLV) CPV vaccine having a titer of 107 TCID50/dose. This vaccine was shown to be effective also when HI antibody titers of pups were ≤ 1:80. 相似文献
110.