水貂皮初加工前后几项测试值及其相关分析     

张志明  斯琴格日勒  朴厚坤 《经济动物学报》2003,7(3):4-6

通过对 10 0只金州黑色标准水貂的体重、生皮重、干皮重、体长、生皮长、干皮长等 6项性状数据的测试 ,得出了水貂皮初加工过程出现的毛皮减重、伸展等多项指标 ,初步探讨了各项测试值之间的相关规律 ,并初次建立了体重、体长与干皮长的线性回归方程 ,为估测和比较皮张尺码 ,评估生产水平提供了科学依据。  相似文献   

Critical difference of some bovine haematological parameters.     

A L Jensen  H Houe  C G Nielsen 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》1992,33(3):211-217

The purpose of the present study was to calculate the critical difference between 2 analytical results for the red blood cell count (RBC), the white blood cell count (WBC), the haemoglobin concentration (Hb), and the haematocrit (PCV) in blood from Red Danish Dairy cows. The critical difference can help to judge whether the difference between 2 consecutive analytical results from the same animal may be safely ascribed to natural variation or not. To calculate the critical differences, blood samples from 20 clinically healthy lactating cows were collected once daily for 5 consecutive days. The total variance of the analytical results was divided into the component of variance between cows (S2Inter), the component of variance for days within cows (S2Intra), and the component of variance for measurements (S2Anal) using nested analysis of variance. The critical difference was then calculated from S2Intra and S2Anal as 0.61 x 10(12)/l for RBC, 2.2 x 10(9)/l for WBC, 0.79 mmol/l for Hb, and 0.07 for PCV. The critical differences may be used as guidelines to indicate potentially important changes in the parameters. However, the analytical results should not be assessed by the critical differences alone, but should also be compared to the corresponding reference intervals.  相似文献   

Influence of treatment temperature and duration on selected biological,mechanical, physical and optical properties of thermally modified timber     

《Wood material science & engineering》2013,8(2):66-76

Abstract

The impact of heat-treatment temperature (180, 200, 210, 220 and 240°C) and various heat-treatment durations on selected biological, mechanical, optical and physical properties of thermally modified timber (TMT) was determined. The suitability of different measures for prediction of the treatment intensity was also investigated. Resistance to impact milling (RIM), lightness L*, equilibrium moisture content (EMC), and antiswelling efficiency (ASE) were correlated with corresponding fungal resistance achieved by heat treatments. The results show that the decrease in mass by heat treatments is a suitable measurand to describe the treatment intensity, which is a product of treatment temperature and duration, where the impact of temperature is dominant over the impact of time. The properties examined showed a strong reciprocally proportional relationship with the decrease in mass. Different correlations were found for the various treatment temperatures: the higher the temperature applied, the lower the decrease in mass required for an equivalent improvement in certain wood properties, e.g. biological durability, EMC and dimensional stability. However, mass loss by Poria placenta correlated well with RIM, lightness L*, EMC and ASE of the different heat-treated specimens, depending on the heat-treatment temperature. Consequently, a reliable estimation of improved fungal resistance of TMT, as well as quality control of TMT in general, requires certain process information.  相似文献   

Influence of treatment temperature and duration on selected biological, mechanical, physical and optical properties of thermally modified timber     

Christian Robert Welzbacher  Christian Brischke  Andreas Otto Rapp 《Wood material science & engineering》2007,2(2):66-76

The impact of heat-treatment temperature (180, 200, 210, 220 and 240°C) and various heat-treatment durations on selected biological, mechanical, optical and physical properties of thermally modified timber (TMT) was determined. The suitability of different measures for prediction of the treatment intensity was also investigated. Resistance to impact milling (RIM), lightness L*, equilibrium moisture content (EMC), and antiswelling efficiency (ASE) were correlated with corresponding fungal resistance achieved by heat treatments. The results show that the decrease in mass by heat treatments is a suitable measurand to describe the treatment intensity, which is a product of treatment temperature and duration, where the impact of temperature is dominant over the impact of time. The properties examined showed a strong reciprocally proportional relationship with the decrease in mass. Different correlations were found for the various treatment temperatures: the higher the temperature applied, the lower the decrease in mass required for an equivalent improvement in certain wood properties, e.g. biological durability, EMC and dimensional stability. However, mass loss by Poria placenta correlated well with RIM, lightness L*, EMC and ASE of the different heat-treated specimens, depending on the heat-treatment temperature. Consequently, a reliable estimation of improved fungal resistance of TMT, as well as quality control of TMT in general, requires certain process information.  相似文献   

河西走廊绿洲区沙尘暴灾害的发生及其防治   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

何明珠  李得禄  马海芸 《甘肃林业科技》2003,28(4):30-33

甘肃省河西走廊绿洲地区是严重受荒漠化威胁的地区，而沙尘暴在该区的发生强烈地影响了当地人民的日常生活和社会经济的发展。尽管河西地区的沙尘暴和当地的自然因素息息相关，但人类的活动加剧了现代沙漠化的发展进程。恶劣的自然条件，如持续干旱、大风天气、丰富的沙源、植被稀疏、滥用水、土地以及植物资源等，导致了河西绿州区沙尘暴的频频发生。从沙尘暴的发生和发展的原因予以分析，最后提出了切实可行的防治措施。  相似文献   

Measuring Field Rill Erodibility by a Simplified Method     

Costanza Di Stefano  Vito Ferro  Vincenzo Pampalone 《Land Degradation \u0026amp; Development》2016,27(2):239-247

Many process‐oriented erosion prediction models reproduce rill erosion as affected by site‐specific parameters, as for example, rill erodibility, and thus, their practical application requires the measurement of these parameters or their estimate. The aim of this paper was establishing a method for indirectly measuring field rill erodibility. A simple mathematical approach based on a known soil detachment equation and accounting for the rill erosion dynamic process is applied. Field measurements carried out for seven natural rainfall events occurring at the plots of the Sparacia experimental station, southern Italy, are used for indirectly measuring the rill erodibility of the investigated soil. This method needs only the knowledge of the geometric characteristics of the rills at the end of the erosion event and the event duration. The method was also tested by using the Water Erosion Prediction Project database, and this analysis showed that a reliable value of rill erodibility can be obtained by the proposed Equation 18 . The proposed method has the following advantages: (i) to be applicable at field scale, being more realistic than the laboratory scale because the soil structure is not destroyed, and (ii) to avoid the disadvantages of field experiments such as the cumbersome experimental set‐up and the large volume of water inflow needed. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

The small East African shorthorn zebu cows in Kenya. I: Linear body measurements   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Mwacharo JM  Okeyo AM  Kamande GK  Rege JE 《Tropical animal health and production》2006,38(1):65-74

Assessment of genetic diversity is a prerequisite for the management and conservation of animal genetic resources. Appropriate design of breeding programmes is therefore impossible for breeds that have not been adequately characterized either phenotypically and/or genetically. Phenotypic characteristics are important in breed identification and classification in ways that farming communities can relate with. This study phenotypically characterized two breeds of zebu cattle in Kenya. A total of 12 measurements (face length, ear length, horn length, heart girth, height at withers, chest depth, body length, height at rump, pelvis width, corpus length, pin bone width and tail length) were collected on 373 Maasai and 277 Kamba zebu kept by traditional farmers in south-east Kenya. The data were classified on the basis of breed group, age group, sex and coat colour pattern. Breed group, age group and sex significantly influenced all measurements. Coat colour pattern significantly influenced only height at withers, corpus length, ear length and tail length. Except for horn and ear length, all the other measurements were significantly higher for the Maasai zebu. Additionally, the Maasai zebu was taller than it was long. The opposite was true for the Kamba zebu. The Maasai and Kamba zebus can be classified as medium-sized breeds; however, great variations exist in their body sizes within and between the breeds.  相似文献   

Growth and carcass traits of Creole goats under different pre-weaning,fattening and slaughter conditions   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

L. Liméa  J. Gobardham  G. Gravillon  A. Nepos  G. Alexandre 《Tropical animal health and production》2009,41(1):61-70

Data of 198 male Creole kids were analysed to assess the main non-genetic sources of variation of their meat abilities. Basal diet was composed of tropical pasture (28 days): in FD (forage diet), kids received no supplement; in group MD (mixed diet) they were offered 360 g/day pellet, while in group PD (pasture diet) kids were reared at pasture without supplementation. Given a regular four-month interval of weaning within the flock, fixed ages at slaughter (AS) were 7, 11 and 15 months. Three slaughter weights (SW) were compared 17–18, 21–22 and 25–26 kg. The growth levels before weaning and the season of birth effects were added in the statistical analysis. The use of MD has a significant (P < 0.05) effect on almost all the body and carcass traits: 85% more ADG and carcass weight. The weights of fat tissues increased but represented only 4% of empty body weight. As expected, there were significant (P < 0.05) differences within the SW and AS classes that are discussed. Range of variations allow for suggesting further experiments or practical recommendations. The initial results: carcass yield (55%), conformation score (more than 3), fat cover score (less than 3), proportion of primal cuts (63%) or muscle/bone ratio (3–4 points) are a good incentive for the local sector.  相似文献   

Effects of crossbreeding indigenous Hair Goat with Saanen on carcass measurements and meat quality of kids under an intensive production system     

Alper YILMAZ  Bulent EKIZ  Mustafa OZCAN  Cuneyt KAPTAN  Hulya HANOGLU  Mesut YILDIRIR 《Animal Science Journal》2009,80(4):460-467

The aim of study was to investigate the effect of genotype on carcass measurements and meat quality characteristics of purebred Hair Goat, Saanen × Hair Goat (F₁ and B₁) kids under an intensive production system. In total, 24 kids were slaughtered at the age of approximately 133 days. Kids were fattened for 56 days immediately after weaning. Hot carcass weights were 6.78, 7.61 and 7.02 kg and dressing percentages were 49.71, 49.27 and 48.78%, respectively ( P  > 0.05). Differences between genotypes for carcass measurements and indexes were not significant. Effect of genotype on pH measurements, drip loss, water holding capacity, cooking loss and Warner Bratzler shear force values were not significant. Meat lightness values at 0 h, 1 h and 1 day after cutting were higher in crossbred kids than Hair Goat kids ( P  < 0.05). Redness value was significantly higher in meat samples of Hair goat kids at 0 h, 1 h and 1 day measurements ( P  < 0.05). Kid genotype had no significant effect on meat sensory characteristics, except tenderness. Panelists gave lower scores for meat tenderness to F₁ and B₁ crosses compared to purebred Hair Goat kids. In conclusion, higher meat lightness values of crossbred kids, at particularly B₁ level, might have a positive effect on the consumer choices.  相似文献   

郑州市农村生活用水浪费的原因及改善措施     

刘婵玉  付彦超  胡彩虹 《安徽农业科学》2009,37(16):7574-7575

通过问卷调查方式,对郑州市农村生活用水浪费原因进行了分析。提出了加强节约用水宣传与教育、制定合理水价体系、推广使用节水器具及做好供水管网防护等改善措施,以期推动郑州市农村节水工作的开展。  相似文献