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11.
Samuel K. Mutiga Nelson Chepkwony Owens A. Hoekenga Sherry A. Flint‐Garcia Rebecca J. Nelson 《Plant Breeding》2019,138(1):38-50
A kernel screening assay (KSA) was used to assess the genetic and environmental effects on the vulnerability of maize to aflatoxin accumulation. Kernels of 26 inbred lines that had been grown in seven environments, and 190 lines of the Intermated B73xMo17 (IBM) population grown in one location in the United States, were inoculated with a toxigenic strain of A. flavus and incubated in the dark at 30°C for 6 days. Percent kernel colonization (PKC), sporulation and aflatoxin were influenced by the maize genotypes (G), the location (“ear environment” or E) and the GxE interactions. Overall, low broad‐sense heritabilities were observed for PKC, sporulation and aflatoxin. PKC was significantly correlated with sporulation in all environments. Aflatoxin was positively correlated with colonization for two and with sporulation for all ear environments. Higher grain sulphur or magnesium in IBM was associated with less colonization or aflatoxin. Postharvest susceptibility of maize to aflatoxin is thus influenced by factors that are modulated by the ear environment. In a KSA, sporulation could be a proxy test for aflatoxin accumulation. 相似文献
12.
为了选出裸花紫珠总黄酮提取的最优方法,比较了ASE、超声、微波萃取和多功能浓缩4种提取方法在裸花紫珠总黄酮提取率上的差异,并利用微孔刃天青法测定总黄酮对表皮易感染菌的MIC值。结果发现ASE法总黄酮提取率最高,约为1.26%,其次为超声和微波萃取法,总黄酮提取率分别约为1.03%和0.98%,多功能浓缩法提取率最低,约为0.36%,且耗时最长。而且研究发现,ASE的MIC值最低。最终得出ASE提取效率最高,且提取物有较好的抑菌性,是裸花紫珠总黄酮提取的最优方法。 相似文献
13.
Bertrand C. Y. Collard Joseph C. Beredo Bert Lenaerts Rhulyx Mendoza Ronald Santelices Vitaliano Lopena 《Plant Production Science》2017,20(4):337-352
Rice production needs to increase in the future in order to meet increasing demands. The development of new improved and higher yielding varieties more quickly will be needed to meet this demand. However, most rice breeding programmes in the world have not changed in several decades. In this article, we revisit the evidence in favour of using rapid generation advance (RGA) as a routine breeding method. We describe preliminary activities at the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) to re-establish RGA on a large scale as the main breeding method for irrigated rice breeding. We also describe experiences from the early adoption at the Bangladesh Rice Research Institute. Evaluation of RGA breeding lines at IRRI for yield, flowering time and plant height indicated transgressive segregation for all traits. Some RGA lines were also higher yielding than the check varieties. The cost advantages of using RGA compared to the pedigree method were also empirically determined by performing an economic analysis. This indicated that RGA is several times more cost effective and advantages will be realized after 1 year even if facilities need to be built. Based on our experience, and previous independent research empirically testing the RGA method in rice, we recommend that this method should be implemented for routine rice breeding in order to improve breeding efficiency. 相似文献
14.
猪繁殖性能的提高将为养猪业带来巨大的经济效益 ,目前多数育种者将提高猪的繁殖力作为主要育种目标 ,并用数学遗传学方法和分子育种技术对繁殖性状进行改良。 相似文献
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犬瘟热的微生物学诊断研究 总被引:13,自引:1,他引:12
对临床诊断为犬瘟热的14例病犬,取其脑组织,运用细胞培养、合胞体检查、包涵体检查、免疫荧光试验、电镜观察等5种检测方法,就犬瘟热的微生物学诊断进行了系统的研究。结果表明,犬脑组织块与猫胚(FE)细胞或非洲绿猴肾(Vero)细胞共同培养,盲传的培养物出现不稳定的细胞病变,通过对不同代次的培养物检查包涵体,并作超薄切片或负染,电镜观察犬瘟热病毒(CDV)粒子,证实分离到CDV野毒。病犬脑组织切片经HE染色检查包涵体及用CDV荧光抗体直接法检测脑抹片及接种犬脑的细胞培养物,均获得一定的阳性结果。建立的改良离子捕获电镜法,用于检测犬脑匀浆和犬脑接种细胞培养物,与离子捕获电镜法、免疫电镜法及直接电镜法相比,效果更为理想。14例临床诊断为犬瘟热的病犬,综合运用上述微生物学手段检测,结果为12例阳性,2例疑似。 相似文献
17.
猪带绦虫六钩蚴cDNA文库的构建与筛选 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在体外将猪带绦虫虫卵孵化为有活力的六钩蚴。采用商品化试剂盒抽提六钩蚴总 RNA、m RNA,反转录为双链c DNA,再加 Eco R Adapter。在去除小片段后 ,dsc DNA与 λgt11噬菌体 DNA连接 ,经蛋白包装 ,构建了猪带绦虫六钩蚴λgt11c DNA文库。该文库效价为 3.5× 10 9pfu/ m L ,重组 DNA片段大小为 0 .5~ 3.2 kb,平均为 1.6 kb,蓝白斑比 1∶ 9。用抗体探针对文库进行免疫学筛选 ,在消除非特异性反应的基础上筛选约 10 6 重组子 ,共得到 118株强阳性克隆 ;应用 PCR鉴定上述部分阳性克隆 ,均扩增到 0 .5 kb以上的片段。结果显示 ,构建的文库合格 ,含六钩蚴所有抗原基因 ,可用于六钩蚴 c DNA克隆的筛选 ;用免疫学与 PCR联合筛选 c DNA文库 ,可消除假阳性 相似文献
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Rapid Screening for Aluminum Tolerance in Cereals by Use of the Chlorophyll Fluorescence Test 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The effects of aluminum on the photosynthetic apparatus were examined in cereals grown in nutrient solutions (pH 4.5) at two Al levels (0 and 148 μM). The chlorophyll fluorescence kinetics results confirmed that the soft wheat ‘BHG’ cultivar has the potential for growth on acid soils while triticale cultivars ‘Niovi’ and ‘Dada’ appeared to be relatively tolerant. The percentage decrease in Fv/Fm of the less tolerant cultivars after Al-treatment indicated a decrease in the efficiency of the primary photochemistry of PS II, while the decrease in the ratio FV/Fosuggested that exposure of the cultivars ‘Dio’ and ‘Appulo E’ to aluminum caused injury to the thylakoid structure. The percentage fluctuations of the ratio Fv/Fmwere shown to correlate very closely with the assessment of injury as evaluated by the relative top fresh weight. Measurements of chlorophyll fluorescence in vivo could be used to monitor injury caused by “Al-stress”, and thus they may serve as a rapid screening test for Al tolerance. 相似文献
20.
In this paper, we consider the inverse problems for a kinds of normal matrices. Some necessary and sufficient conditions for existence of solution of these problems are given. The expression of the general solution is given. 相似文献