不同动物肠道微生物对黄豆苷原的转化研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

王秀伶  邵建柱  朱宝成  袁洪水  王世英 《河北农业大学学报》2007,30(1):79-83

采用高效液相色谱技术,分析比较了32种不同动物肠道微生物菌群对黄豆苷原的转化情况。在全部供试动物中,只有大熊猫的肠道微生物菌群对黄豆苷原未表现转化能力,其余31种动物的代谢产物中均出现了去氧甲基安哥拉紫檀素;有14种动物对黄豆苷原的代谢产物中出现了高活性植物雌激素雌马酚。研究表明,不同动物对黄豆苷原的代谢能力强弱不仅与遗传因素有关,同时还与动物本身的饮食结构等环境因素有关。通过测定黄豆苷原在不同动物体内的代谢产物,确定了一些对黄豆苷原具有较强代谢能力的动物种类,尤其是确定了一些能将黄豆苷原高效转化为雌马酚的理想动物种类。  相似文献   

施用废菌棒对甘蔗菌根、根际微生物和土壤肥力的影响     

王元贞  潘廷国  柯玉琴  郑伸坤 《福建农林大学学报(自然科学版)》1992,(4)

蔗田施用废菌棒(以蔗渣为培养料种植香菇后的废弃菌棒)后,根系皮层细胞中菌丝、泡囊、丛枝增多.根系皮层及中柱的改变也表现在新根的发生点大量出现.田间观察到甘蔗在生长中后期,新根明显增多.7月份甘蔗根际土壤的固氮菌、有机磷分解细菌、细菌总数比对照的增加6.0-29.4倍.它们的活动可为拔节旺长的甘蔗提供更多养分.10-12月份,纤维分解细菌、有机磷分解菌、固氮菌相应较多,土壤酶活性、土壤有效养分(N、P、K)均显著多于对照,这些微生物类群与甘蔗后期生长及糖的合成、运输关系较密切.  相似文献   

牛肉变质过程中微生物区系变化研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

贾英民  王玲  马爱进  田益玲  孙纪录  桑亚新 《河北农业大学学报》2002,25(1):66-68

微生物是引起牛肉变质的主要因素。未包装肉在 4℃条件下冷藏 7d后变质 ,表面带菌量达 3.3× 10 8个·cm-2 ,内部为 6 .8× 10 7个·g-1。保藏过程中微生物区系变化表现为革兰氏阴性杆菌上升 ,革兰氏阳性球菌下降 ,革兰氏阳性杆菌基本不变 ,变质时菌系变得简单。普通真空包装在 4℃条件下保存 3周后带菌量内外分别为 1.7× 10 7个·cm-2 和 1.8× 10 7个·g-1。在保藏过程中革兰氏阳性杆菌比例上升 ,革兰氏阴性杆菌上升不显著 ,革兰氏阳性球菌比例下降  相似文献   

Efficacy of probiotics from anaerobic microflora with prebiotics on growth performance and noxious gas emission in growing pigs     

Ho Sik JEONG  Sung Sill LEE 《Animal Science Journal》2011,82(2):282-290

We investigated the effect of probiotics from anaerobic microflora with prebiotics (synbiotics) on growth performance, noxious gas emission and fecal pathogenic bacteria populations in growing pigs. The basal diet, which contained approximately 25% corn, 24% whey, 12% wheat and 12% soybean meal, was supplemented alternatively with 0.15% antibiotics (US diet), prebiotics and 0.2% probiotics from anaerobic bacteria (BS diet), yeast (YS diet), mold (MS diet) or compounds (CS diet). One hundred and fifty pigs were fed an experimental diet for 15 days. Although the growth performance was not affected by supplemental synbiotics, the BS group showed higher dry matter and crude protein digestibility. The BS group decreased fecal ammonia and amine gas emissions, and increased fecal acetate gas emission compared with the US group. All synbiotics groups decreased in fecal propionate gas emission. Fecal Escherichia coli population was lower in the synbiotics groups than in the US group. Therefore, the results of the present study suggest that synbiotics exert similar effects with antibiotics on the nutrient digestibility and fecal microflora composition in growing pigs. Moreover, synbiotics can also decrease the fecal noxious gas emission in growing pigs.  相似文献   

T-RFLP分析技术在肉鸡肠道微生物研究中的应用     

张华  蔡辉益  刘国华  常文环  郝晓洁  周晓 《动物营养学报》2011,23(3):364-369

本文阐述了末端限制性片段长度多态性(T-RFLP)分析技术的基本原理和技术路线,讨论了应用T-RFLP分析技术相对于应用传统方法研究肉鸡肠道微生物的优势,总结了应用T-RFLP分析技术研究肉鸡肠道微生物的发展历程,分析了应用T-RFLP分析技术研究肉鸡肠道微生物存在的问题及解决方法,并对其应用前景进行了展望.  相似文献   

芽孢乳杆菌对肉仔鸡生产性能、肠道发育和微生物菌群的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘磊  朱立贤 《动物营养学报》2011,(12):2136-2142

本试验旨在研究不同水平芽孢乳杆菌对内仔鸡生产性能、肠道发育及微生物菌群的影响.选取1日龄爱拔益加(AA)肉仔鸡2 400只,随机分为4组(每组6个重复,每个重复100只):对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组饲喂分别添加200、100和50 mg/kg芽孢乳杆菌的试验饲粮,试验期42 d.结果表明:1)饲粮添加200 mg/kg...  相似文献   

Significance of earthworms in stimulating soil microbial activity   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

F. Binet  L. Fayolle  M. Pussard  J. J. Crawford  S. J. Traina  O. H. Tuovinen 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》1998,27(1):79-84

 The stimulatory effect of earthworms (Lumbricus terrestris L.) on soil microbial activity was studied under microcosm-controlled conditions. The hypothesis was tested that microbial stimulation observed in the presence of a soil invertebrate would be due to the utilization of additional nutritive substances (secretion and excretion products) that it provides. Changes in microbial activity were monitored by measuring simultaneously CO₂ release and protozoan population density. The increase in CO₂ released in the presence of earthworms was found to result from both earthworm respiration and enhanced microbial respiration. The stimulation of microbial activity was confirmed by a significant increase in protozoan population density, which was 3–19 times greater in the presence of earthworms. The respiratory rate of L. terrestris was estimated to be 53 μl O₂ g^–1 h^–1. Earthworm respiration significantly correlated with individual earthworm weight, but there was no correlation between the increase in microbial respiration and earthworm weight. This finding does not support the hypothesis given above that enhanced microbial respiration is due to utilization of earthworm excreta. A new hypothesis that relationships between microbial activity and earthworms are not based on trophic links alone but also on catalytic mechanisms is proposed and discussed. Received: 26 August 1997  相似文献   

黑土长期定位试验原状土搬迁对土壤微生物性质的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

迟凤琴  刘晶鑫  匡恩俊  张久明  宿庆瑞  周宝库 《东北农业大学学报》2015,(7)

通过测定黑土长期定位试验原状土整体搬迁前后四种处理(CK、NPK、M、MNPK)土壤可培养微生物数量、土壤微生物量含量及土壤酶活性变化,探讨搬迁的特定条件对土壤微生物性质的影响。结果表明,1搬迁前后5年各处理三大类微生物数量、微生物量碳、氮含量和四种土壤酶活性在0~20 cm土层中均高于20~40 cm土层;2每年在两个土层中MNPK处理的三大类微生物数量和微生物量碳、氮含量均最高,CK处理均最低,而每年在两个土层中土壤过氧化氢酶和转化酶活性CK和M处理均明显高于NPK和MNPK处理,而磷酸酶活性CK和M处理则低于NPK和MNPK处理,脲酶活性在4个处理中差异不大;3比较搬迁前后5年间各项微生物指标变化发现,各项指标年际间虽存在变化但程度不大,搬迁后2011年和2012年相对较高,同为小麦茬的搬迁前2010年和搬迁后2013年各项指标较为接近。研究说明,土壤深度和施肥对土壤各项生物指标影响较大,年际间变化也受到轮作方式的影响,搬迁对土壤微生物扰动影响远小于施肥和耕作方式等的影响。  相似文献   

不同脆化阶段草鱼肠道菌群动态变化、血清酶指标及生长性能   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张振男  郁二蒙  谢骏  王广军  余德光  李志斐  龚望宝  王海英  魏南 《农业生物技术学报》2015,23(2)

本研究旨在探讨草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)不同脆化阶段的肠道菌群组成结构、血清酶活性及生长性能,进而衡量脆肉鲩形成过程中的生理生化变化,以期为脆肉鲩的健康养殖提供科学数据.脆化不同阶段(30、60、90和120 d)的草鱼,在脆化结束后转投喂人工配合饲料30 d(第150天),鉴定整个过程中草鱼肠道菌群组成、血清酶活性和生长性能的变化.结果表明,60～150 d蚕豆组草鱼体重均低于对照组(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),90～120 d蚕豆组草鱼头肾体指数(head kidney somatic index,HKBI)和肝体指数(hepatosomatic index,HSI)均低于对照组(P＜0.05或P＜0.01),150 d时蚕豆组草鱼肝体指数与对照组无显著差异(P＞0.05);蚕豆组草鱼血清碱性磷酸酶、溶菌酶和补体C3(第30天除外)活性均低于对照组的,在转投喂饲料后,3种血清酶活性均出现回升趋势;与对照组相比,蚕豆组草鱼肠道菌群多样性降低,芽胞杆菌属(Bacillus)和鲸杆菌属(Cetobacterium)等有益菌数量减少,维氏气单胞菌(Aeromonas veronii)、温和气单胞菌(Aeromonas sobria)和鳗弧菌(Vibrio anguillarum)等条件致病菌数量增多.两组草鱼肠道核心菌群主要为变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)和梭杆菌门(Fusobacteria).本研究结果提示,随着脆化时间的增加,摄食蚕豆改变草鱼肠道菌群组成、抑制血清酶活性和生长性能,在转投饲料后其肠道菌群、血清酶活性及生长性能均有所改善.本研究结果对脆肉鲩的健康养殖具有重要的科学指导意义.  相似文献   

The Application of Microbiome Culturomics in Veterinary Medicine     

PENG Na  PENG Xianqi  YUE Min 《畜牧兽医学报》1956,51(12):2942-2953

Under laboratory conditions, the number of cultured microorganisms accounts for about 1% of the total number of microorganisms in nature, which limits people's understanding and utilization of 99% of the unknown microorganisms. However, relevant researches show that those "uncultured microorganisms" can be developed and utilized, and the uncultured microorganisms are the main body of the unknown microorganisms. The microbial culturomics explored the application of multiple culture conditions and long-term culture, it was combined with Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) and 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequencing to identify all kinds of microorganisms on a large scale. At the same time, whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and Metagenomics sequencing technology were used to analyze unknown microorganisms in depth. In this paper, the latest progress of culturomics in the ruminant gastrointestinal tract, poultry cecum, and livestock nasal microflora in recent years was reviewed, and the feasibility of applying the method of microflora culturomics in animal disease prevention and control was discussed. As a new research idea, culturomics has some immature aspects, but its development prospect is very broad. The complementary of microflora culturomics and other research methods have gradually become a breakthrough in the development of veterinary microbiology.  相似文献