不同水平的植物乳杆菌代谢产物对肉鸡生长性能、粪微生物菌群及绒毛形态的影响     

龚胜  邓树勇  甘凌秀 《中国饲料》2019,(4):36-40

本试验在日粮中添加不同水平的植物乳杆菌代谢产物,研究其对肉鸡生长性能、粪微生物菌群、挥发性脂肪酸含量及小肠绒毛形态的影响。选择健康、体重一致的1日龄AA肉鸡576只,采用单因素试验设计,随机分为6组,每组4个重复,每个重复24只鸡,对照组饲喂基础日粮+80 mg/kg新霉素,处理组分别在基础日粮中添加0.1%、0.2%、0.3%、0.4和0.5%不同水平的植物乳杆菌代谢产物。试验共进行42 d。结果显示:0.4%植物乳杆菌代谢产物组较对照组、0.1%、0.3%和0.5%植物乳杆菌代谢产物组显著提高了42 d肉鸡末重、总增重和平均日增重(P <0.05),0.1%和0.3%植物乳杆菌代谢产物组较0.4%植物乳杆菌代谢产物组显著提高了肉鸡饲料转化率(P <0.05)。对照组较各植物乳杆菌代谢产物组显著提高了粪中大肠杆菌含量(P <0.05),与0.4%植物乳杆菌代谢产物组相比,对照组、0.1%、0.2%和0.5植物乳杆菌代谢产物组显著降低了粪中乙酸含量(P <0.05),0.1%植物乳杆菌代谢产物组较0.3%、0.4%和0.5%植物乳杆菌代谢产物组显著提高了粪中丁酸含量(P <0.05)。0.4%植物乳杆菌代谢产物组总挥发性脂肪酸含量最高,显著高于对照组(P <0.05)。0.4%植物乳杆菌代谢产物组十二指肠和空肠绒毛高度显著高于其他各组(P <0.05),0.2%和0.3%植物乳杆菌代谢产物组十二指肠绒毛高度显著高于对照组、0.1%和0.5%植物乳杆菌代谢产物组(P <0.05),0.2%植物乳杆菌代谢产物组空肠绒毛高度显著高于对照组、0.1%和0.5%植物乳杆菌代谢产物组(P <0.05)。0.1%植物乳杆菌代谢产物组回肠绒毛高度最高(P <0.05)。对照组和0.1%组植物乳杆菌代谢产物十二指肠和空肠隐窝深度显著高于0.4%和0.5%植物乳杆菌代谢产物组(P <0.05),但对照组回肠隐窝深度最低(P <0.05)。结论 :日粮添加植物乳杆菌代谢产物可以改善肉鸡生长性能,降低粪中大肠杆菌含量,提高小肠绒毛高度和粪中挥发性脂肪酸含量,其中日粮添加0.2%和0.4%植物乳杆菌代谢产物对肉鸡增重、饲料转化率和绒毛高度的影响最佳。  相似文献   

Effect of chicken egg yolk immunoglobulins on serum biochemical profiles and intestinal bacterial populations in early‐weaned piglets     

Xian Tan  Jia Li  Yali Li  Jianzhong Li  Qingping Wang  Lin Fang  Xueqin Ding  Pengfei Huang  Huansheng Yang  Yulong Yin 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2019,103(5):1503-1511

This study was conducted to test the hypothesis that dietary supplementation with anti‐E. coli, chicken egg yolk immunoglobulins (IgY), may affect early weaned piglet (EWP) intestinal functions and enteric micro‐organisms. One hundred and forty‐eight ([Landrace × Yorkshire] × Duroc) piglets, weaned at age day 21, were randomly assigned to receive one of three diets for 14 days. Treatment group one (control group) was fed the base diet. Treatment group two (antibiotics group) was fed the base diet which was supplemented with 100 ppm colistin sulphate and 15 ppm enramycin; treatment group three (IgY group) was fed the base diet which was supplemented with 500 mg/kg anti‐E. coli IgY. The study evaluated the effects on EWPs of IgY on growth, serum biochemical, inflammatory profiles and also digestion content intestinal bacterial populations. Results showed no significant difference in diarrhoea rates between IgY‐fed EWPs and antibiotic‐treated EWPs. Serum biochemical analysis showed that EWPs fed an IgY‐containing diet had both lower (p < 0.05) cholesterol and low‐density lipoprotein compared to antibiotic‐treated EWPs. Escherichia coli populations measured in IgY‐fed EWP ileal contents, compared to the control group, were significantly reduced (p < 0.05). Enterococcus, Lactobacillus, Clostridium and Bifidobacterium populations were unaffected by the IgY treatment. Larger (p < 0.05) Enterococcus populations and lower (p < 0.05) expression levels of heat‐stable enterotoxin b (STb) were observed in IgY‐fed EWP caecal digesta compared to the control group. Enteric Lactobacillus significantly decreased (p < 0.05) in EWPs fed antibiotics while it was unaffected by IgY treatment. Dietary supplementation with anti‐E. coli IgY has the potential to suppress enteric E. coli growth, but not Lactobacillus, Clostridium and Bifidobacterium. This promotes and maintains a healthy EWP intestinal environment. These findings suggest that IgY may be used as an alternative to antibiotics in EWP diets.  相似文献   

饲粮中添加牛至精油和莫能菌素对荷斯坦犊牛血清生化指标、消化酶活性及瘤胃微生物区系的影响     

柏妍  郎侠  王彩莲  梁婷玉  刘婷  宫旭胤  高良霜  石晓雷  吴建平 《畜牧兽医学报》2019,50(12):2458-2469

旨在研究牛至精油（oregano essential oil,OEO）与莫能菌素（monensin,MON）对荷斯坦犊牛血清生化指标、消化酶活性以及瘤胃微生物区系的影响。本试验前期阶段选用了体重相近（（41.31±2.23）kg）,体况良好的荷斯坦初生犊牛80头,随机分为4组,每组20头,采用单栏饲养。对照组饲喂全脂牛乳和颗粒饲料,其他3个试验组在饲喂全脂牛乳和颗粒饲料的基础上分别添加4 g·kg^-1牛至精油、3.6 g·kg^-1莫能菌素和7.6 g·kg^-1牛至精油和莫能菌素的混合物,饲喂至56、70日龄时,从每组中选取6头体重相近的公犊,颈静脉采血测定血清指标,并通过口腔导管的形式采集犊牛的瘤胃液,检测消化酶活性以及瘤胃微生物区系。结果表明：1）添加牛至精油显著提高了56日龄犊牛血清中TP、SOD、GSH和GSH-Px的浓度（P ≤ 0.05）;莫能菌素对56、70日龄犊牛BUN浓度有降低的趋势（P<0.10）。2）牛至精油显著降低了56、70日龄犊牛瘤胃中产琥珀酸丝状杆菌的数量（P<0.05）,显著提高了白色瘤胃球菌的数量（P ≤ 0.05）;莫能菌素显著降低了56、70日龄犊牛瘤胃中原虫的数量（P ≤ 0.05）,并有降低白色瘤胃球菌数量的趋势（P<0.10）,在56日龄时,莫能菌素有降低犊牛瘤胃中黄色瘤胃球菌数量的趋势（P<0.10）;牛至精油和莫能菌素对56、70日龄犊牛瘤胃中溶纤维丁酸弧菌有显著的交互作用（P ≤ 0.05）;在56日龄时,牛至精油和莫能菌素对栖瘤胃普雷沃氏菌有交互作用的趋势（P<0.10）,而在70日龄时则呈显著的交互作用（P ≤ 0.05）。3）牛至精油和莫能菌素对56、70日龄犊牛瘤胃中胃蛋白酶浓度有显著的交互作用（P ≤ 0.05）。综上所述,饲粮中添加牛至精油可提高犊牛的免疫力和抗氧化能力。莫能菌素在抑制瘤胃内原虫数量上强于牛至精油,牛至精油对提高主要蛋白质降解菌数量的作用效果优于莫能菌素。总之,牛至精油可改善犊牛的健康状况以及调控瘤胃微生物区系,牛至精油作为天然植物抗生素可替代犊牛期预防性治疗的其他类抗生素生长促进剂。  相似文献   

复合微生态制剂对肉仔鸡生长性能、肠道菌群和免疫功能的影响     

陈西风  周颖  刘维平 《畜牧与兽医》2019,(7):55-59

为研究探讨肉仔鸡日粮中添加不同剂量的复合微生态制剂对肉仔鸡生长性能、肠道菌群和免疫功能的影响,以期为复合微生态制剂的临床应用提供参考依据,将150只AA白羽肉仔鸡随机分成5个处理组(对照组、抗生素组、复合微生态制剂Ⅰ组、复合微生态制剂Ⅱ组、复合微生态制剂Ⅲ组),对照组饲喂基础日粮,抗生素组在基础日粮中添加0.05%的肉鸡饲用金霉素,复合微生态制剂Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组分别在基础日粮中添加0.05%、0.1%、0.2%的复合微生态制剂,测定平均日增重、平均日采食量、料重比、大肠杆菌数、沙门氏菌数、双歧杆菌数、乳酸杆菌数、胸腺指数、法氏囊指数、IgG含量、IgA含量、IgM含量等指标。结果显示,与对照组相比,复合微生态制剂Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组可显著增加平均日采食量、平均日增重、乳酸杆菌数、双歧杆菌数、胸腺指数、脾脏指数、法氏囊指数、IgA含量和IgG含量(P<0.05),显著降低料重比、大肠杆菌和沙门菌数(P<0.05)。与抗生素组相比,复合微生态制剂Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组可显著增加乳酸杆菌数、双歧杆菌数、胸腺指数、脾脏指数、法氏囊指数、IgA含量和IgG含量(P<0.05),显著降低料重比、大肠杆菌和沙门菌数(P<0.05)。表明肉仔鸡饲料中添加0.1%、0.2%的复合微生态制剂可显著改善提高肉仔鸡的生长性能、肠道菌群和免疫功能,其在改善肠道菌群和免疫功能方面的作用效果显著优于抗生素。  相似文献   

Oxalate‐degrading bacteria,including Oxalobacter formigenes,colonise the gastrointestinal tract of healthy koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) and those with oxalate nephrosis     

KN Speight  M Houston‐Francis  M Mohammadi‐Dehcheshmeh  E Ebrahimie  S Saputra  DJ Trott 《Australian veterinary journal》2019,97(5):166-170

  相似文献   

饲料中添加枯草芽孢杆菌对团头鲂幼鱼生长性能、肝脏抗氧化指标、肠道菌群结构和抗病力的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

孙盛明  苏艳莉  张武肖  戈贤平  朱健 《动物营养学报》2016,(2):507-514

本试验旨在研究饲料中添加枯草芽孢杆菌对团头鲂幼鱼生长性能、肝脏抗氧化指标、肠道菌群结构和抗病力的影响。选取初始体重为(1.81±0.01)g的团头鲂幼鱼360尾,随机分为4组(每组3个重复,每个重复30尾),分别饲喂添加0(T0组,作为对照组)、2×10~7(T1组)、2×10~8(T2组)、2×10~9CFU/g枯草芽孢杆菌(T3组)的等氮等脂饲料。试验期为8周。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,T1组和T2组团头鲂幼鱼的增重率、特定生长率显著升高(P0.05),且T1组的饲料系数显著降低(P0.05)。2)与对照组相比,T1组团头鲂幼鱼的肝脏抗氧化酶(超氧化歧化酶、过氧化氢酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶)活性显著升高(P0.05),同时该组肝脏丙二醛含量显著降低(P0.05)。3)各组全鱼水分、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪和粗灰分含量均无显著差异(P0.05)。4)变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)图谱显示摄食不同添加量枯草芽孢杆菌饲料的团头鲂幼鱼的肠道菌群结构发生了改变。5)采用嗜水气单胞菌对鱼体进行攻毒,各组96 h后的累积死亡率未产生显著差异(P0.05),但T1组和T2组的累积死亡率低于对照组和T3组。由此可见,饲料中添加2×10~7CFU/g的枯草芽孢杆菌能够提高团头鲂幼鱼的生长性能、抗氧化能力,并改变肠道菌群结构,但对其体成分和抗病力没有显著影响。  相似文献   

鸡空肠和盲肠微生物区系的研究     

何维明  于致茂  严宝英 《西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版)》1998,26(1):46-50

应用２０日龄白来航小母鸡的肠道内容物,研究消化道部分区段微生物区系,分离鉴定出需氧菌和厌氧菌,并进行了毒力试验。结果表明,每克肠内容物含细菌的对数值（ｌｏｇｎ／ｇ）为：空肠中消化球菌９．６±０．２、双歧杆菌９．４±０．５、拟杆菌１０．６±０．６、葡萄球菌６．６±０．６、乳杆菌９．３、肠杆菌６．８±０．４;盲肠中葡萄球菌６．７±０．６、消化球菌９．８±０．３、双歧杆菌９．２±０．８、拟杆菌１０．２±０．２、棒状杆菌８．７±０．４、肠杆菌６．８±０．３、链球菌７．２±０．２、乳杆菌９．６±０．４、酵母菌４．２±１．４．  相似文献   

Effect of dietary thiamin supplement on immune responses and intestinal microflora in juvenile Jian carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian)     

L. FENG  H.‐H. HUANG  Y. LIU  J. JIANG  W.‐D. JIANG  K. HU  S.‐H. LI  X.‐Q. ZHOU 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2011,17(5):557-569

This study was to investigate the effect of dietary thiamin on the immune response and intestinal microflora in juvenile Jian carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian). Seven diets (0.25, 0.48, 0.79, 1.06, 1.37, 1.63 and 2.65 mg thiamin kg^?1) were fed to Jian carp (8.20 ± 0.02 g). At the end of feeding trial, red blood cell counts and white blood cell counts increased with increasing dietary thiamin levels up to 0.79 and 1.06 mg kg^?1 diet, respectively (P < 0.05); Lactobacillus counts in intestine increased gradually, and maximum values obtained when the thiamin level was at 0.79 mg kg^?1 diet (P < 0.05). After the feeding trial, fish were injected with Aeromonas hydrophila only one time on the first day of the challenge trial and fed the same diets as the growth trial for 17 days. The survival rate, leucocyte phagocytic activity, lectin potency, acid phosphatase activity, lysozyme activity, total iron‐binding capacity and immunoglobulin M content of fish after being injected with A. hydrophila were all improved with increasing dietary thiamin levels up to a point, respectively (P < 0.05). These results suggested that thiamin could improve immune response and the balance of intestinal microflora of juvenile Jian carp.  相似文献   

Effects of dietary pyridoxine on disease resistance,immune responses and intestinal microflora in juvenile Jian carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian)     

L. FENG  W. HE  J. JIANG  Y. LIU  X.‐Q. ZHOU 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2010,16(3):254-261

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary pyridoxine on disease resistance, immune responses and intestinal microflora of fish. A total of 1050 Jian carp (11.71 ± 0.05 g) were randomly distributed into seven groups, feeding diets containing graded levels of pyridoxine (0.2, 1.7, 3.2, 5.0, 6.3, 8.6 and 12.4 mg kg^?1 diet). After 80 days of feeding, a challenge trial was conducted by injection of Aeromonas hydrophila for 17 days. Results indicated that with increasing dietary pyridoxine concentration up to 5.0 mg kg^?1 diet, survival rate after challenge with A.hydrophila and phagocytic activity of leukocyte were improved (P < 0.05), and plateaued thereafter (P > 0.05). Red blood cell and white blood cell counts were lowest when fed the diet containing 1.7 mg pyridoxine kg^?1 diet. Haemagglutination titre, lysozyme activity, acid phosphatase activity, total iron‐binding capacity, antibody titre and immunoglobulin M content followed the similar pattern to that observed with survival rate. Aeromonas hydrophila, Escherichia coli and Lactobacillus counts in intestine were not affected by dietary pyridoxine concentration (P > 0.05). These results suggested that pyridoxine could enhance immune response of fish.  相似文献   

Effect of disinfection with peracetic acid on the microbial community of a seawater aquaculture recirculation system for Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)     

Felix Teitge  Christina Peppler  Dieter Steinhagen  Verena Jung-Schroers 《Journal of fish diseases》2020,43(9):991-1017

When tropical shrimps are kept in recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS), one of the limiting factors is the maintenance of a sufficient water quality, and therefore, often disinfectants like peracetic acid (PAA) are added to the water either as prophylactic or treatment measure. In this study, PAA in concentrations of 0.1 mg/L, 1 mg/L and 10 mg/L was applied continuously for 56 days to small-scale seawater RAS stocked with Litopenaeus vannamei. Treatment with 0.1 mg/L did not result in a reduction in the total bacterial amount and therefore was not effective. A concentration of 10 mg/L led to significant changes in the chemical water parameters already after 2 days and was therefore not recommendable. A concentration of 1 mg/L led to increased levels of ammonia and nitrite within 2 days and to a significant increase in the bacterial amount in the water, most probably due to an enhanced growth of heterotrophic bacteria. The microflora showed significant fluctuations, and there were indications that the welfare of the shrimps was affected. Using 1 mg PAA/L for prophylactic use is therefore also not recommendable but might be an alternative option for short-term treatment in cases of disease outbreaks.  相似文献