犊牛传统培育法改进试验     

嘎尔迪  敖日格勒  乔秀英  高克勤  李仁枝  李孝 《内蒙古农业大学学报(自然科学版)》1989,(2)

用剩余初乳代替全乳培育犊牛是近年来奶牛业中的新课题之一。本文通过1986—1987年的犊牛饲养试验,对犊牛的饲料采食量、生长发育、成活率及经济效益等方面进行了比较系统的研究。研究结果表明,用发酵初乳培育的犊牛与用常乳培育的犊牛相比:(1)耗奶少培育成本低,每头犊牛节约鲜奶415公斤,节省饲料费233.15元。(2)生长发育良好,尤其早期补喂犊牛料,促进了瘤胃的提早发育。(3)抵抗力强、发病率低,成活率高。(4)经济社会效益显著。  相似文献   

Inflammation-related changes in cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP in bovine mastitis     

F. Atroshi  J. Parantainen  S. Sankari  T. Österman 《Veterinary research communications》1989,13(6):427-433

Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) cocentrations in milk and plasma samples from healthy and mastitic cows were determined by radioi-immunoassay and compared with prostaglandins (PGE2, PGF2 and thromboxane B2 [TXB2]), phospholipids and other relevant parameters in milk and blood. The concentrations of cAMP were about five times higher in plasma (p<0.01) than in milk, whereas the cGMP concentration in milk was three times higher (p<0.01) than that in plasma in both healthy and diseased animals. In mastitic milk, the cAMP and cGMP concentrations were 19% and 65% and in blood plasma 13% and 84% higher respectively than in healthy animals. In milk, cyclic nucleotide concentrations correlated with the markedly elevated cell count and also with the prostaglandin concentration and pH. In blood, cAMP correlated positively with phospholipids and cGMP with reduced glutathione (GSH). These changes are considered to be important in the disease process and, in particular, the increase in cGMP deserves further study.  相似文献   

The pharmacokinetics of thiamphenicol in lactating cows   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

N. Mestorino  M. F. Landoni  M. Alt  J. O. Errecalde 《Veterinary research communications》1993,17(4):295-303

The pharmacokinetics of thiamphenicol were studied after intravenous and intramuscular administration of 25 mg/kg body weight in lactating cows. Distribution (t _1/2) and elimination (t _1/2) half-lives of 6.10±1.39 min and 1.60±0.30 h, respectively, were obtained after intravenous administration. The body clearance was 3.9±0.077 ml/kg per min and the apparent volume of distribution was 1220.79±256.67 ml/kg. The rate at which thiamphenicol appeared in the milk, as indicated by the penetration half-life (t _1/2P) (serum to quarters), was found to be 36.89±11.14 min. The equivalent elimination half-life (t _1/2E) (quarters to serum) from the milk was 3.62±1.06 h and the peak thiamphenicol concentration in the milk was 23.09±3.42 µg/ml at 2.5±0.32 h.After intramuscular injection, the elimination half-life was 2.2±0.40 h, the absorption half-life was 4.02±1.72 min and the peak concentration in the serum was 30.90±5.24 µg/ml at 23±8.4 min. The bioavailability after intramuscular administration approached 100%. The penetration half-life was 50.59±6.87 min, the elimination half-life was 5.91±4.97 h and the mean peak concentration in the milk was 17.37±2.20 µg/ml at 3.4±0.22 h.Abbreviations AUC area under the concentration-time curve - CAP chloramphenicol - C _max peak concentration - IM intramuscular - IV intravenous - TAP thiamphenicol - t _1/2 distribution half-life - t _1/2 elimination half-life - V _c volume of central compartment - V _d volume of distribution  相似文献   

Estimation of daily and total lactation milk yield of Chios ewes from single morning or evening records     

Z. Basdagianni  G. Banos  Z. Abas  G.E. Valergakis 《Livestock Production Science》2005,92(1):59-68

Linear models were developed and evaluated for the estimation of daily (24 h) and total lactation milk yield of dairy sheep from single morning (am) or evening (pm) milking records. A total of 22,908 individual test-day milk records of 5110 ewes of the Chios breed, raised in 46 flocks, were used. Depending on the model, different daily milk yield estimates were derived for each ewe, accounting for lactation number, stage of lactation, season of previous lambing and interval between successive milkings. Daily milk yield was also estimated from doubling the single am or pm record. Actual and estimated yields were compared using root mean square errors (RMSEs), mean absolute differences, an accuracy parameter defined as the ratio of the actual yield variance over the sum of the variances of actual yield and absolute difference, and the product moment correlation between estimated and actual yield. Results were validated on independent datasets. Linear models resulted in less biased and more accurate estimates of the daily milk yield than simply doubling the am or pm record. Root mean square errors decreased by 7-37% and the mean absolute difference was reduced by 1-4% of the average daily yield. Higher accuracy and correlation were obtained from linear model application than doubling. Total lactation milk yield was predicted based on actual daily yield and compared to predictions based on estimated daily yield from am or pm records, as well as directly on single milking records. Root mean square errors obtained when daily yield had been estimated with linear models were 26-35% lower compared to doubling the am or pm yield and 0-13% lower compared to estimating the total lactation yield directly from single milking records. Linear model application also resulted in lower mean absolute difference and higher accuracy and correlation than doubling the am or pm record. Recording the yield of a single milking (am or pm) instead of both can benefit milk recording by reducing its cost and increasing farmer participation. In this context, linear models developed in the present study can be used for the accurate estimation of daily (24 h) and total lactation milk yield from single milking records.  相似文献   

Effect of diet composition and slaughter weight on animal performance, carcass and meat quality, and fatty acid composition in veal calves     

C. Vieira  M.D. García  A.R. Mantecón 《Livestock Production Science》2005,93(3):263-275

The effect of true milk use in the diet of Spanish Brown Swiss male calves on animal performance, carcass and meat quality, and fatty acids composition was studied. In experiment 1, the effect of milk intake [ad libitum continuous (ADLIB) feed vs. restricted 0.7 during 75 days followed by ad libitum feed (RESTR)] and slaughter endpoint (225 kg vs. 5 month) were studied. In experiment 2, ad libitum concentrate feeding [grain-fed (GF)] was compared with milk supplementation until slaughter [milk-fed (MF)] in calves slaughtered at 345 kg. As regards to milk intake, carcass weight and degree of fatness were higher in the ADLIB group (P<0.05). The RESTR group revealed a higher percentage of saturated fatty acids (P<0.05). In experiment 2, the MF group exhibited a higher fat percentage (P<0.05), lower press and cooking losses (P<0.05), and higher scores for tenderness and juiciness (P<0.05) than the GF group. The percentage of saturated fatty acids was higher in the MF group (P<0.05). The results suggest that true milk use in veal production could be an advantageous alternative in terms on production costs, animal performance, and carcass and meat quality.  相似文献   

哺乳犊牛的消化特点与蛋白质需要   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

李辉  刁其玉 《中国饲料》2005,(21):22-24

本文从犊牛的消化生理特点出发,综述了犊牛出生后的生理特征及蛋白质、必需氨基酸的需要量,并对代乳品中蛋白质原料进行了论述。  相似文献   

代乳粉用于早期断奶犊牛的效果研究   总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14  

刁其玉  张乃锋  刘文忠  祖致富  袁耀明 《乳业科学与技术》2004,27(2):70-73

犊牛使用代乳品可以节省鲜奶，降低饲养成本，控制疾病的发生，促进消化系统的发育。试验用24头犊牛做试验，60日龄断奶。结果表明，代乳品组犊牛增重47．55千克；对照组增重41．72千克；吃代乳品的犊牛在30-60日龄的日增重达到1026克，高于对照组103克。吃代乳品的犊牛每增重1千克的直接饲料成本为15．13元，比鲜奶组犊牛低2．14元／千克。  相似文献   

奶牛MTT比色法的最佳条件探讨     

华莎  韩鹏  刘亚刚 《四川畜牧兽医》2004,31(4):27-27,29

为建立奶牛淋巴细胞增殖反应MTT比色法,对试验条件进行了研究。应用L16(45)正交试验,对影响MTT比色法的四个主要因素,包括ConA浓度、细胞浓度、培养液小牛血清浓度及培养时间进行了比较和探索。试验表明几个因素对其增殖反应都有显著影响(P<0.05),且最佳反应条件为:15μg/mL的ConA、1×106/mL细胞浓度、10%小牛血清及60h的培养时间;影响增殖反应的先后顺序为细胞浓度、ConA浓度、培养时间及血清浓度。  相似文献   

牛得喜对奶牛生产性能的影响     

李胜利  陈英杰  李新胜  徐福源 《中国奶牛》2004,(5):15-18

实验研究了奶牛日粮中添加牛得喜(SCCNCMl077)对奶牛生产性能的的影响。实验选用了50头奶牛,根据产奶量、泌乳天数和胎次相近的原则分为试验组和对照组。试验结果表明,试验组平均产奶量比对照组提高了1.52kg,差异显著(P<0.05),而试验组乳脂率、乳蛋白率分别下降了0.09%、0.07%,但均差异不显著(P>0.05)。  相似文献   

无菌压缩空气在保鲜奶加工中的应用     

陆培琪 《乳业科学与技术》2004,27(2):55-56

本文介绍了无菌压缩空气在保鲜奶生产中的应用，并介绍了一套完整的无菌空气处理系统。  相似文献