禽副产品作为水貂、狐饲料的研究     

王利华  苏振渝  潘庆杰  王光 《经济动物学报》2002,6(4):14-16

主要对水貂和狐常用的动物性饲料———禽副产品 (鸡架、鸭架、鸡肝、鸭肝、鸡肠、鸡头 )的概略养分及氨基酸组成进行分析 ,为禽类副产品在水貂、狐养殖中 ,科学合理的应用提供依据  相似文献   

水貂PRLR基因的克隆及生物信息学分析     

王丽英  张宇飞  曹满园  赵伟刚  许保增 《中国畜牧兽医》2019,46(2):345-353

本研究旨在从水貂卵巢组织中克隆催乳素受体(prolactin receptor,PRLR)基因编码区全长序列,并进行生物学信息分析,为研究其结构和功能奠定基础。根据GenBank中登录的犬PRLR基因的mRNA预测序列(登录号:XM_025436332.1)设计1对引物,采集性成熟的健康水貂卵巢组织样本,提取RNA并反转录合成cDNA,以cDNA为模板PCR扩增PRLR基因,将其插入pEASY-Blunt Simple Vector中,筛选阳性克隆测序后进行生物信息学分析。结果显示,水貂PRLR基因编码区序列全长为1 878bp,编码了625个氨基酸,水貂PRLR基因核苷酸序列与海獭同源性最高,为97.7%。系统进化树分析也显示其和海獭亲缘关系最近。对水貂卵巢PRLR基因编码蛋白进行生物信息学分析表明,PRLR蛋白含有1个信号肽,1个细胞外区域,1个跨膜区和1个膜内区;水貂PRLR蛋白为单次跨膜蛋白,其N端的D1部分含有2对保守的二硫键(Cys36—Cys46和Cys75—Cys86),D2部分含有保守的WS-基序(WS-E-WS)。水貂PRLR蛋白具有和其他PRLR蛋白相似的膜外和膜内结构。本试验结果为进一步研究和揭示水貂PRLR蛋白的结构及功能奠定了基础。  相似文献   

貂源停乳链球菌似马亚种的分离鉴定     

陈欣婷  李清欣  张彦龙 《畜牧与饲料科学》2019,40(6):99-102

为了研究引起水貂肺炎死亡的病因,对送检的病死水貂进行剖检。从病死水貂病料中分离出了一株革兰阳性球菌,对其进行菌落形态观察、生化鉴定以及16S rDNA序列分析,构建系统进化树并进行同源性分析,同时对该菌株进行药敏试验。结果表明：根据分离菌的形态特征、生物化学特性,结合16S rDNA序列测定与进化树分析,将其鉴定为链球菌属的停乳链球菌似马亚种。药敏试验结果显示,该菌株对青霉素、阿莫西林、莫西沙星等药物敏感,但对四环素有较强的耐药性。  相似文献   

水貂自咬症病因的分子遗传研究     

马丽娜  李玉梅  白秀娟 《中国畜牧兽医》2008,35(9):64-67

自咬症是笼养毛皮动物水貂、狐狸的常见病,严重影响着毛皮质量,然而其发病原因一直未得以明确。作者初步从分子遗传学角度探讨了水貂自咬症的发病原因。采用随机扩增多态DNA（RAPD）技术分别对正常水貂组和自咬水貂组进行了遗传基因差异上的比对分析。从100个随机引物中筛选出40个重复性好的多态引物,提取水貂健康与患病群体DNA各40个,随机抽取10个构建基因池,进行RAPD标记研究。挑选出在健康组与患病组差异明显的S103引物（序列为AGACGTCCAC）并对其进行克隆,将克隆结果交上海生工生物有限公司测序。引物S103扩增出健康与患病水貂的特异条带,仅在患病水貂组中发现750 bp左右的DNA片段,而在健康组中发现600 bp左右的特异片段。此两条特异片段可初步作为区分健康和患病水貂群体的分子遗传标记,为进一步对水貂自咬症的深入研究奠定了基础。  相似文献   

不同饲粮蛋白质和脂肪水平对育成期雄性水貂生长性能及血清生化指标的影响     

张海华  张铁涛  刘晓颖  南韦肖  李光玉 《动物营养学报》2016,(10):3248-3255

本试验旨在研究不同饲粮蛋白质和脂肪水平对育成期雄性水貂生长性能及血清生化指标的影响。选取90只60日龄的健康雄性水貂,随机分为6组,每组15个重复,每个重复1只水貂。6组水貂分别饲喂2个蛋白质水平(32%和36%)和3个脂肪水平(10%、20%和30%)的6种试验饲粮。预试期7 d,正试期60 d。结果表明:低蛋白质中脂肪和低蛋白质高脂肪组水貂终末体重和平均日增重均极显著高于低蛋白质低脂肪和高蛋白质高脂肪组(P0.01),且随着饲粮脂肪水平的增加,水貂终末体重和平均日增重呈增加趋势,20%和30%脂肪水平组极显著高于10%脂肪水平组(P0.01)。水貂料重比以低蛋白质高脂肪组最低,显著低于低蛋白质低脂肪和高蛋白质高脂肪组(P0.05)。低蛋白质高脂肪组水貂血清中尿素氮含量极显著低于其他各组(P0.01)。32%蛋白质水平组水貂血清中谷丙转氨酶活性显著高于36%蛋白质水平组(P0.05)。低蛋白质高脂肪和高蛋白质高脂肪组水貂血清中甘油三酯含量显著高于低蛋白质低脂肪组和高蛋白质低脂肪组(P0.05)。随着饲粮脂肪水平的增加,血清中甘油三酯、总胆固醇和高密度脂蛋白含量有升高的趋势,且最高组均为低蛋白质高脂肪组。饲粮蛋白质和脂肪水平的交互作用对水貂生长性能指标及蛋白质和脂类代谢相关血清生化指标的影响均不显著(P0.05)。由此可见,在本试验条件下,当饲粮蛋白质水平为32%、脂肪水平为20%~30%时,饲粮中蛋白质和脂肪的利用率较高,育成期雄性水貂的生长性能较好。  相似文献   

Why are there fewer signs of mink in England? Considering multiple hypotheses     

Laura Bonesi  Rob Strachan  David W. Macdonald 《Biological conservation》2006,130(2):268-277

Understanding the causes that determine the spread and subsequent population trends of invasive species is important as it can help predict and manage their impact, as well as advance the theory of invasion. The American mink Mustela vison is a riparian mustelid and an invasive species in several countries. Mink have been introduced to England in the early decades of the last century and have been expanding their range until the mid-eighties. Since then, however, the number of sites occupied by mink has been declining. We investigated three possible causes of such a decline: (1) A downtrend of the fur farming industry; (2) An increase of European polecats Mustela putorius; (3) An increase of Eurasian otters Lutra lutra. Mink trends were derived from data collected by the National Otter Survey, a large-scale long-term survey of the whole of England from 1977 to 2002. We discuss how the observed decline in the number of sites occupied by mink may be due to a combination of an actual decrease in the distribution and density of mink and to a change in the focus of mink activities away from water, rather than to a change in their marking behaviour. Taken together, our results suggest that the decline of mink is related to an increase in the native otter population through interspecific competition, although at a local level also other factors may be important. As the otter population is still increasing, it is likely that the number of sites occupied by mink will continue to decline, a process that may be beneficial to aquatic and semi-aquatic species suffering from mink predation.  相似文献   

有机螯合锰添加水平对准配期雌性水貂营养物质代谢的影响     

王夕国  李光玉  孙伟丽  钟伟  杜继红 《动物营养学报》2012,(2):370-375

本试验旨在研究基础饲粮中添加不同水平的有机螯合锰对准配期雌性水貂营养物质消化代谢的影响。选取 １５０只平均体重为（１００５±１１３）ｇ的健康成年雌性水貂，根据随机区组法分成 ５组，每组设 ３０个重复，每个重复 １只水貂。各组锰添加水平分别为 ０（Ⅰ组）、１５（Ⅱ组）、５０（Ⅲ组）、１００（Ⅳ组）和 ５００ｍｇ／ｋｇ（Ⅴ组），锰以有机螯合锰形式添加。试验预试期 １２ｄ，正试期 ３ｄ。结果表明：１）Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组干物质采食量极显著高于Ⅰ组和Ⅴ组（Ｐ＜０．０１），Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组极显著高于Ⅴ组（Ｐ＜０．０１）；各组干物质表观消化率差异不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５），但以Ⅳ组最高，Ⅴ组最低。２）粗蛋白质存留质量以Ⅴ组最少，与其他各组之间差异显著（Ｐ＜０．０５），以Ⅳ组最高；粗蛋白质表观消化率各组之间差异不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５），以Ⅳ组最高。３）粗脂肪表观消化率各组之间差异不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５），随锰添加水平升高呈现先增加后降低的趋势。综上所述，在本试验条件下，准配期雌性水貂锰的适宜添加水平为 １００ｍｇ／ｋｇ。  相似文献   

SARS-CoV2 spike protein gene variants with N501T and G142D mutation–dominated infections in mink in the United States     

Hugh Y. Cai  Allison Cai 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2021,33(5):939

Large numbers of mink have been infected with SARS-CoV2 containing the spike protein Y453F mutation in Europe, causing zoonosis concerns. To evaluate the genetic characteristics of the U.S. and Canadian mink–derived SARS-CoV2 sequences, we analyzed all animal-derived (977) and all Canadian (19,529) and U.S. (173,277) SARS-CoV2 sequences deposited in GISAID from December 2019 to March 12, 2021, and identified 2 dominant novel variants, the N501T-G142D variant and N501T-G142D-F486L variant, in the U.S. mink–derived SARS-CoV2 sequences. These variants were not found in mink from Canada or other countries. The Y453F mutation was not identified in the mink-derived sequences in the United States and Canada. The N501T mutation occurred 2 mo earlier in humans than in mink in the United States, and the novel N501T-G142D and N501T-G142D-F486L variants were found in humans prior to mink. Our results suggest that the novel SARS-CoV2 variants may have evolved during human infection and were then transmitted to mink populations in the United States.  相似文献   

Effects of diets with different protein and DL-methionine levels on the growth performance and N-balance of growing minks     

Zhang HH  Li GY  Ren EJ  Xing XM  Wu Q  Yang FH 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2012,96(3):436-441

This study was performed to evaluate the effects of diets with different protein and dl-methionine (Met) levels on nitrogen (N) retention, nutrient digestibility, growth performance, and some blood parameters in growing minks. Eighty healthy male minks were selected and randomly divided into five groups with different types of diet. The dietary protein levels, expressed as percentage of dry matter (DM), were 36% (HP) and 28% (LP), corresponding to average 363g and 295g protein/kg DM, respectively. LP was supplemented with Met (0.3%, 0.6% and 0.9% DM); the codes were LP+M1, LP+M2 and LP+M3, respectively. From July to middle of September, the average daily gain and feed: gain ratio (F/G) of the minks that received the diet with 0.6% Met added to the low protein diet was better than feeding HP and other groups. Fecal N and Urinary N of group LP+M2 were the lowest one, in contrast, the daily retention of N was the highest one. Digestibility of DM and CP were not affected by different diets, but digestibility of fat declined with dietary protein level decreasing. Serum urea nitrogen (SUN) was affected by different protein and Met levels. Considering all factors the best performance could be observed offering LP+M2, the prime level of Met was 13.87 g/kg DM in dietary, and 258.5 g digestible protein kg(-1) DM was enough for mink in growing period. Furthermore, addition of Met in low protein diets for minks would be beneficial in terms of reduced feed expenses and lower nitrogen emissions to the environment.  相似文献   

腹泻水貂检出携带耶尔森菌HPI毒力岛的大肠杆菌   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

史秋梅  张艳英  房海  陈翠珍  刘杰 《中国兽医学报》2012,32(6):857-861

为了解大肠杆菌引起水貂腹泻的机理,进行了小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌HPI毒力岛基因的检测,并对其菌株做毒力试验。用PCR扩增法检测毒力岛基因irp2和fyua,小鼠腹腔注射检测菌株毒力。结果：从3个貂场腹泻病死水貂脏器以及粪便中分离出血清型分别为078、029和038的大肠杆菌,对3个血清型大肠杆菌进行毒力岛检测,均检出携带小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌HPI毒力岛基因irp2和fyua。3个血清型078、029和038的大肠杆菌均使小鼠发病死亡。结果表明水貂腹泻是由携带小肠结肠炎耶尔森茵HPI毒力岛基因irp2和fyua的大肠杆菌引起,该茵对水貂的健康具有潜在的威胁。  相似文献