东亚4个黑山羊群体mtDNA D-环遗传多样性及其起源     

侯磊  王建民  李培培  李珏  邢凤 《中国农学通报》2007,23(6):57-57

为了研究地方山羊品种的起源与分化，了解其遗传背景，为山羊资源的合理利用提供基础资料，利用PCR产物直接测序法对3个中国黑山羊群体和1个韩国黑山羊群体共39个个体的mtDNA D-环部分序列进行了测定和分析。测定的序列经排列比对后选取441bp分析，发现了55个多态位点，单一多态位点11个，简约信息位点44个，确定了29种单倍型，单倍型多样度为0.984。构建系统发育树将29种单倍型分成了明显的3个分支，角猾羊聚入A分支。同时利用群体间的单倍型的错配分布和遗传距离分析了各群体的亲缘关系。结果表明：4个黑山羊群体遗传多样性丰富，至少拥有3个不同的母系起源，角猾羊是家山羊的一个母系祖先。  相似文献   

PCR primers for the estimation of contamination by seeds with normal cytoplasm in rapeseed lots bearing male-sterility-inducing Ogu-INRA cytoplasm     

C. Tinchant    M.-C. Defrance  F. Budar 《Plant Breeding》1997,116(4):390-392

A polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based test was developed to detect seeds bearing the ‘so-called’ normal rapeseed cytoplasm in seed lots with an OGU-INRA type cytoplasm. The test is based on the amplification of the orfB region of male fertile rapeseed mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). The amplification reaction uses total nucleic acids of young seedlings, extracted in bulk. After the sequencing of the orfB gene region in the normal Brassica mtDNA, primers were designed for its amplification by PCR. Although the specificity of amplification for the male fertile (mf) rapeseed cytoplasm is partly impaired by the presence of tiny amounts of this fragment in the mtDNA of male sterile (ms) plants, this test proved to be applicable for the estimation of the level of contamination in seed lots in reconstituted mixes as well as in real lots.  相似文献   

Restriction analysis of the mitochondrial DNA of male-sterile and maintainer lines of pearl millet, Pennisetum americanum L.     

S. V. Munjal  R. K. J. Narayan 《Plant Breeding》1995,114(3):256-258

Mitochondrial DNA from two pairs of cytoplasmic male-sterile (cms) and maintainer lines of pearl millet was investigated by restriction-enzyme analysis and Southern-blot hybridization using three mitochondrial gene probes. Each pair of male-sterile and maintainer lines was of a different nuclear origin. The objective was to distinguish differences in the DNA base-sequence organization of the mitochondrial genomes of cms and maintainer lines from the two sources. Restriction-enzyme analysis revealed differences between the different cms and maintainer lines. Southern-blot hybridization experiments using cloned mitochondrial gene probes further distinguished differences between different lines. It is expected that the restriction-fragment-length polymorphisms revealed in the Southern-blot-hybridization experiments will be useful in distinguishing and classifying cms and maintainer lines obtained from different nuclear backgrounds.  相似文献   

Mitochondrial DNA Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms in Malus Species     

S. Kato    S. Ishikawa    S. Imakawa    S. Komori    T. Mikami  Y. Shimamoto 《Plant Breeding》1993,111(2):162-165

Three apple (Malus×domestica) cultivars and 11 Malus accessions have been investigated by the probe hybridization method on their mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). The gene probes used were: coxI, coxII, atpA, atp6, and atp9. Our results revealed enough variation to characterize ten mtDNA haplotypes among the Malus genotypes examined. The taxonomic and phylogenetic implications of mtDNA polymorphism are also discussed.  相似文献   

DNA fingerprinting in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) with oligonucleotide probes for simple repetitive sequences     

T. Yanagisawa  M. Hayashi  A. Hirai  K. Harada 《Euphytica》1994,80(1-2):129-136

Summary Soybean DNA fingerprints were analyzed by digoxigenin-labeled oligonucleotide probes complementary to simple repetitive sequences. The clearest and most polymorphic patterns were obtained with (AAT)₆ as a probe, with which all 47 soybean cultivars tested could be distinguished. However, DNA fingerprints of individuals within cultivars showed the same pattern. Using (CT)₈, (GAA)₅ or (AAGG)₄ as probes, clear polymorphic patterns among cultivars and accessions in the subgenus Soja (Glycine max and Glycine soja) were not observed, while quite different patterns were found in accessions in the subgenus Glycine. The results suggest that G. max and G. soja are closer in their genome structure. DNA fingerprints of reciprocal crosses between cultivars and accessions in the subgenus Soja were similar, and contained bands of both parents. In an F₂ population from these crosses, such bands segregated in a Mendelian fashion.  相似文献   

Characterization of the A4 cytoplasmic male-sterile lines of sorghum using RFLP of mtDNA     

S. Sivaramakrishnan  K. Seetha  Belum V.S. Reddy 《Euphytica》1997,93(3):301-305

Three sorghum cytoplasmic male sterile lines CSV4 A(V), CSV4 A(G₁) and CSV4 A(M), grouped as A₄, were compared with a milo (A₁) and two other non-milo (A₂ and A₃) cytoplasms for their RFLP patterns of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). A 9.7 kb clone from pearl millet mtDNA discriminated each of the three A₄ entries whereas other maize and pearl millet mtDNA clones used could not distinguish this group completely. The molecular differences within the A₄ cytoplasmic group offer some explanation for the inconsistency in the fertility restoration behaviour of these A₄ lines obtained with a definite set of testers in the field. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

中国黄土高原黄土-古土壤序列的红度对古气候的指示意义   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3  

HU Xue-Feng  LU Hua-Yu  XU Qi  DONG Li-Jing  HU Xing 《土壤圈》2004,14(4):433-440

Comparisons of red ratings (RR) with Fe_d, Fe_d/Fe_t, clay content, and magnetic susceptibility (x) of two loess-paleosol sequences at Luochuan and Lingtai on China's Loess Plateau were conducted to study the possible relationship between RR and pedogenic degrees of the two loess-paleosol sequences, and to discuss whether the RR could become new paleo-climatic indicators. Results showed that the RR of the two loess-paleosol sequences had positive, highly significant (P < 0.01) correlations with: 1) citrate-bicarbonate-dithionite (CBD) extracted iron (Fe_d), 2) ratios of CBD extracted iron to total iron (Fe_d/Fe_t), 3) clay (< 2 μm), and 4) magnetic susceptibility (x). This suggested that the RR of these loess-paleosol sequences could indicate degrees of loess weathering and pedogenesis and were potential paleo-climatic proxies. The strong correlations of RR to Fe_d and x also implied that during pedogenic processes, pedogenic hematite in loess and paleosols were closely related to the amount of total secondary iron oxides and pedogenic ferrimagnetic minerals (predominantly maghemite).  相似文献   

一种非刚性运动目标图像跟踪的改进算法     

李丽勤  高焕文 《农业工程学报》2004,20(4):17-20

针对玉米秸秆粉碎后抛撒运动的特点，提出一种改进的变形模板跟踪算法实现非刚性目标的运动跟踪，在两个方面对原有的算法进行了改进：1)选择适当的预测方法，减少遮挡物体对研究目标的影响。2)通过选择适当的特征区域把运动目标限制在局部区域，而不是对整帧图像进行处理。试验证明了该算法在目标跟踪的实现效率、精确性方面有一定的优势。  相似文献   

山羊-绵羊异质体细胞克隆胚中线粒体DNA的杂合性分析     

杨丽  马利兵  华松  曹俊伟  张涌 《农业生物技术学报》2007,15(4):628-632

摘要：线粒体是哺乳动物细胞中唯一存在有核外遗传物质的细胞器，其功能的正常表达需要核与线粒体的相互作用。线粒体 DNA(mitochondrial DNA, mtDNA)编码电子传递链所需酶中的一些多肽亚基及多种 tRNA 和 rRNA，其余的亚基由核基因编码。异种体细胞核移植可能导致重构胚中 mtDNA 的杂合现象。本实验采用 PCR-限制性片段长度多态性（PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism, PCR-RFLP）的方法分析以山羊胎儿成纤维细胞为核供体，以去核的绵羊 MⅡ 期卵母细胞为核受体构建的异质克隆胚中线粒体的来源及组成比例。结果表明： 8-cell之前的异质克隆胚中供受体 mtDNA 的比例变化不大，1-cell、2-cell、4-cell、8-cel异质克隆胚中核供体细胞 mtDNA 占受体细胞 mtDNA 的比例分别为2.5±0.8 %；2.8±0.6 %；1.9±0.4 %；1.7±0.6 %， 彼此之间差异不显著（P>0.05）；然而，异质克隆囊胚中核供体细胞 mtDNA 的比例下降为0.3±0.1 %，与前四者相比差异显著（P<0.05）。  相似文献   

Polymorphism and heredity of cpDNA and mtDNA in the Section Leuce of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Populus</Emphasis>     

Bin-bin Cui  Zhao-he Xu  Xiao-jie Jin  Hui Feng  Yun Li  Ning-xia Du 《中国林学(英文版)》2011,13(3):218-224

The chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of 16 Populus species (Section Leuce) and their F1 generation were detected using PCR-RFLP technique. The results show that cpDNA in the F1 generation of 22 hybrid combinations was inherited maternally, which supported the conclusions of the study of plasmid cytology. The mtDNA fragments amplified by PCR were consistent with the restriction maps in all hybrid combinations and no polymorphism was detected, indicating that the Section Leuce is highly conserved in mitochondrial gene sequences. These results provided direct evidence of maternal chloroplast inheritance in Populus tomentosa, P. bolleana, P. davidiana, P. adenopoda, P. tomentosa × P. bolleana, P. alba × P. glandulosa and P. alba × P. tomentosa.  相似文献