中华稻蝗镉急性死亡率差异与等位酶基因型研究     

李丽君  张敏  卢芙萍  李翠兰  郭亚平  马恩波 《农业环境科学学报》2007,26(1):184-187

为研究镉毒性与中华稻蝗种群等位酶基因型之间的关系，将采自山西省原平市的中华稻蝗（Oxyachinensis）为研究对象进行镉的LD50急性毒性实验，并对所研究个体进行等位酶水平淀粉凝胶电泳。结果表明，中华稻蝗种群LDH、GPI、PGM和ME均为多态基因座位。在LDH、PGM、ME多态基因座位上，各基因个体的死亡率差异显著（P〈0．05），其中PGM及ME的基因型频率显著偏离哈-温平衡预期值，且LDH、PGM、ME为杂合体缺乏（F〉0）；在GPI多态基因座位上，各基因型个体的死亡率差异不显著（P〉0．05），GPI基因型频率符合哈-温（H-形）平衡预期值，而GPI为杂合体过剩（F〈0）。中华稻蝗在这4个基因座位具有较高的平均每个基因座位的等位基因数（A=2．5），平均观察杂合度（Ho=0．314～0．325）和平均期望杂合度（He=0．471～0．496）。结论：由于中华稻蝗种群不同基因型对Cd^2＋的敏感性不同．因而导致其不同基因型死亡率的差异。  相似文献   

不同食料植物对舞毒蛾生长发育的影响   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

石娟  王月  徐洪儒  闫国增  梁洪柱  张秋霜 《北京林业大学学报》2003,25(5):47-50

该文在以北京主要乔灌木树种为食料、室内饲养舞毒蛾的条件下 ,分析了不同食料植物对舞毒蛾生长发育的影响 .1龄幼虫成活的试验表明 :受试各树种间存在显著差异 ,舞毒蛾 1龄幼虫在柿、杏、黄栌、毛泡桐、火炬树等树种饲养下死亡率较低 ,在核桃楸、国槐、刺槐、臭椿等树种饲养条件下死亡率较高 .4龄幼虫对食物的利用和转化的试验表明 :舞毒蛾对柿树、黄栌、杏树、加杨的营养效率较高 ,对华山松、国槐、刺槐、白蜡和抗虫杨的营养效率较低 .  相似文献   

乳酸菌富铁的研究     

袁林  左瑞雨  王朋朋  王平  党晓伟  尹清强 《中国兽医学报》2011,31(2)

为了使铁离子转化为易被动物体吸收的微量元素,以防治仔猪因缺铁而造成的贫血等病症,本研究用乳酸菌富集铁元素。首先测得乳酸菌在硫酸亚铁和有机铁2种来源的铁元素中所能正常生长的最高铁离子浓度,然后加入适宜浓度的铁离子培养乳酸菌至最高活菌数。菌液离心后冲洗3次并烘干,用原子分光光度法测定乳酸菌干细胞内铁离子的含量,比较乳酸菌对2种形态铁元素的富集能力。最后做饲养试验。结果表明:乳酸菌对有机铁的耐受质量浓度(0.5 g/L)比硫酸亚铁(0.1 g/L)高;乳酸菌对有机铁的富集能力(1.590 mg/g)比硫酸亚铁(0.024mg/g)强。含有机铁的乳酸菌制剂对降低断奶仔猪死亡率有显著效果。  相似文献   

甲酸乙酯的施药高度对仓内空间杀虫效果的影响     

王斌  王殿轩  唐多  于志刚  连桂荣  洪玉程  袁林 《植物检疫》2011,(4)

在储粮容量7000t的高大平房仓空仓内,设置一个高7.50 m、直径300mm的熏蒸室,分别在7.50m、5.61m、3.74m、1.87m和0.1m的高度放置试虫,先后从0.10m、3.74m和7.50m的高度施药,测定了甲酸乙酯对处于不同高度的赤拟谷盗(Tribolium castaneum(Herbst))和谷蠹(Rhyzopertha dominica(Fabricius))成虫的杀虫效果。结果为:在0.10m高度施药,甲酸乙酯对于靠近施药点的试虫可完全致死,而在1.87m及其以上高度处的害虫死亡率均显著低于施药点的死亡率。在高度3.74m处施药,施药点及其以下两种害虫的死亡率均显著大于施药点以上的害虫死亡率,3.74m及其以下的谷蠹均完全死亡,赤拟谷盗的死亡率则出现了0.1m处100%,1.87m和3.74m处则分别只有96.7%和81%。经7.50m高度施药,0.10m高度处的害虫死亡率达100%,且害虫死亡率出现自下而上递减的结果。本实验表明,作为熏蒸剂的甲酸乙酯在空间被施用后,静态条件下向上扩散且有效杀虫的高度小于2m;在高空施药后主要扩散趋势为向下运动(下沉),对施药点以下的害虫效果较好,建...  相似文献   

热水处理对扶桑棉粉蚧的致死作用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

关鑫  曾玲  胡学难  陆永跃  马骏 《植物检疫》2011,(1)

本文研究了热水处理对扶桑绵粉蚧的杀灭作用,结果表明,在49℃、50℃、51℃、52℃和53℃时扶桑绵粉蚧1龄若虫死亡率达到100%的处理时间分别为240min、150min、60min、40min和6min。分析显示,热水温度和处理时间长度的复合作用导致了扶桑绵粉蚧的死亡。建立了热水温度(X1)、处理时间(X2)和扶桑棉粉蚧死亡率(Y)之间的模型方程为Y=-9.466+0.192X1-0.0000240X22+0.000218X1X2。给出了不同温度热水处理时扶桑绵粉蚧100%死亡的时间长度。  相似文献   

腾格里沙漠南缘3种优势植物种子出苗对土壤类型和沙埋的响应     

樊宝丽  马全林  张德魁  安婧荣 《干旱区研究》2011,28(6):1038-1044

沙米（Agriophyllum squarrosum）、沙蒿（Artemisia sphaerocephala）和油蒿（Artemisia ordosica）分别是腾格里沙漠南缘不同植被演替阶段的3个优势物种,2009年5～6月在大田盆栽条件下,设计了2种土壤类型和0 cm,1 cm,2 cm,3 cm,4 cm,6 ...  相似文献   

Low reproductive success of leatherback turtles, Dermochelys coriacea, is due to high embryonic mortality     

Barbara A. Bell  James R. Spotila  Richard D. Reina 《Biological conservation》2004,115(1):131-138

We examined the mechanism responsible for low reproductive success in leatherback turtles (Dermochelys coriacea) at Playa Grande, Costa Rica: low egg fertilization versus high rates of embryonic death. Leatherbacks at this beach had a high rate of fertility (=93.3%±2.5%, n=819). We incubated 10 eggs from every clutch encountered of 19 females during 3 months of the 1998-1999 nesting season. Fertility rate of some females decreased during the nesting season, but overall was high. Detection of fertility was difficult using standard methods because fertility rates cannot be determined accurately from nests excavated after hatching because of egg decomposition. Removal and incubation of eggs from nests provided a better estimate. Embryonic death, particularly in the beginning of incubation before embryos are visible to the unaided eye, was the cause of low hatching success in this population. Hatching success increased with increasing fertility and differed between females, with some mothers having 71-81% success and others 23-32%. Embryonic death and not low egg fertility drives poor recruitment at Playa Grande. Improved conservation of this species at Playa Grande will require a better understanding of the mechanism behind embryonic death.  相似文献   

Reedbeds as refuges for water voles (Arvicola terrestris) from predation by introduced mink (Mustela vison)     

S.P Carter 《Biological conservation》2003,111(3):371-376

The water vole has recently undergone a catastrophic decline in the UK. This has resulted from loss and fragmentation of suitable habitat leaving water vole populations highly vulnerable to the impact of predation by introduced American mink. However, at some reedbed sites water voles and mink have apparently coexisted for many years. To determine if reedbeds offer a refuge from predation, 70 voles were radio-tagged at three sites in England and overwinter mortality monitored. Water vole perception of predation risk was also assessed. Mortality was high (64%), predation by mustelids, including mink, being the chief cause. Experiments suggested that voles failed to perceive areas of highest predation risk. However, predation rate declined strongly with the distance water voles lived from a main water channel. Thus, reedbeds provide a refuge from predation, even by mink, and calculations suggest that they may support source populations enhancing the viability of water vole metapopulations. Consequently reedbeds are now being used as one focus for the conservation of water voles in England and Wales.  相似文献   

The impact of high speed, high volume traffic axes on brown bears in Slovenia   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Petra Kaczensky  Felix Knauer  Blaz Krze  Miha Adamic 《Biological conservation》2003,111(2):191-204

The Ljubljana-Razdrto highway and the parallel Ljubljana-Trieste railway cut through critical brown bear (Ursus arctos) habitat in south-central Slovenia. These high speed, high volume traffic axes are located close to the main dispersal corridor for bears from the Dinaric Mountain range into the Alps. We analyzed radiotracking data of 15 individual bears that lived within 10 km of the highway, compared transportation related and overall known bear mortality, and analyzed the spatial distribution of bear-vehicle accidents. The highway posed a home range boundary to resident bears, but was not an absolute barrier. Transportation-related mortality was high in the vicinity of the highway and railway, and averaged 31% of the total known local mortality from 1992 to 1999. At present the detrimental impact of transportation routes on the bear population in Slovenia is modest due to the high density of bears and the low density of highways—but new highways are planned or already under construction. Managers have to be aware that, due to bears large home ranges and long dispersal distances, a single highway affects bears from a huge area—emphasizing the importance of international cooperation and a landscape approach in highway planning.  相似文献   

Thyroid Hormone Concentrations In Critically III Canine Intensive Care Patients     

Denise A. Elliott  Lesley G. King  Carole A. Zerbe 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》1995,5(1):17-23

Alterations in thyroid indices in critically ill dogs were studied retrospectively to determine the incidence of the euthyroid sick syndrome and to assess its prognostic relevance to survival. Sixty-seven dogs were classified as euthyroid bases on a TSH stimulation test. Forty-one of 67 (61%) of the euthyroid dogs had low baseline serum T₄ concentrations (<1.5 ug/dl) and 38 of 67 (56%) of the euthyroid dogs had low baseline serum T₃ concentrations (<75 ng/dl). There was no significant difference between either the baseline or the post-stimulation serum T₄ concentrations when values of dogs that survived were compared with those that died. There was, however, a significant difference (P<0.05) between both the baseline and the post-stimulation values for T3 when survivors (100.3± 81 ng/dl, 143± 66 ng/dl) and non-survivors (64.2 ± 17.1 ng/dl, 96.6 ± 38.3 ng/dl) were compared. The euthyroid sick syndrome occurs commonly in critically ill dogs. Further, the extent of depression of serum concentrations of T₃ may be correlated to mortality.  相似文献