无花果叶和博落回叶提取液对松材线虫的毒杀作用     

秦 丹杜志雯  闫金秀等 《安徽农业科学》2014,(22):7412-7413,7539

[目的]研究无花果叶和博落回叶几种不同有机溶剂提取液对松材线虫的杀虫活性。[方法]采用浸渍生测法研究了无花果叶和博落回叶甲醇、乙醇、乙醚、丙酮4种分析纯有机溶剂提取液对松材线虫的抑制作用。[结果]无花果叶和博落回叶的不同溶剂提取液均对松材线虫有抑制作用,其中无花果叶提取液浓度在200 mg/ml时,甲醇提取液的松材线虫死亡率(54.5%)最高;博落回叶提取液浓度在200 mg/ml时,蒸馏水对照组和甲醇提取液在72 h校正死亡率分别达到94.4%和88.9%,在20 mg/ml时2种溶剂提取液校正死亡率也分别达到73.3%和67.6%。[结论]为新型杀松材线虫药剂的综合开发利用提供了理论依据。  相似文献   

What is your diagnosis? CBC and blood film from an Italian thoroughbred gelding     

Sergio Zanzani  Eleonora Piseddu  Armida Barelli  Maria T. Manfredi 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2014,43(4):609-610

  相似文献   

Faecal worm egg count analysis for targeting anthelmintic treatment in horses: Points to consider     

H. E. Lester  J. B. Matthews 《Equine veterinary journal》2014,46(2):139-145

Equine gastrointestinal nematodes are ubiquitous; in horses that graze contaminated pasture and that are not treated appropriately, large numbers of worms can accumulate, which can lead to serious clinical disease. Nematode control has traditionally followed interval treatment regimens, which involve regular anthelmintic administration to all horses based on the strongyle egg reappearance periods of each drug, usually defined around the time of licensing. Interval treatment programmes have resulted in substantial reductions in large strongyle disease, but have made major contributions to the development of anthelmintic resistance, particularly in cyathostomins. Cyathostomin resistance to 2 of the 3 available anthelmintic classes is widespread, and resistance to both classes in single populations is not uncommon. Reduced efficacy of the most commonly used macrocyclic lactone anthelmintics, as measured by shortened egg reappearance periods after treatment, is emerging in cyathostomins. Macrocyclic lactone resistance is also now commonly reported in Parascaris equorum on stud farms. Faecal worm egg counts (FWEC) are increasingly being used as part of targeted approaches to parasite control, whereby only those horses with moderate to high FWEC within a group are treated with an anthelmintic. The objective of this approach is to reduce environmental contamination, while leaving a proportion of the worm population in some horses unexposed to selection pressure for anthelmintic resistance. This article reviews recent findings in equine parasitology research that will underpin guidelines for control, with a particular focus on how to optimise the value of FWEC methodologies and anthelmintic efficacy analyses.  相似文献   

Infections with Philometra sp. associated with mortalities in wild-hatched captive-raised striped bass, Morone saxatilis (Walbaum)     

Séguin G  Bouchard F  Measures LN  Uhland CF  Lair S 《Journal of fish diseases》2011,34(6):475-481

The striped bass, Morone saxatilis (Walbaum), once represented an important resource for fisheries in the St Lawrence River (Quebec, Canada). A restoration programme, involving captive propagation, was implemented with the objective of restocking the population, which had disappeared in the late 1960s. An unusually high rate of mortality was observed during the winter of 2006 in captive-raised fingerlings that were originally collected from the Miramichi River (New Brunswick, Canada) the previous summer. Post-mortem examinations revealed extensive granulomatous and hyperplastic peritonitis associated with numerous nematodes of the genus Philometra. Given the severity of the lesions, high intensity of infection by Philometra sp. was presumed to be the primary factor in the unusual mortalities reported that winter. Observations suggest that this nematode, which was acquired in the wild, cannot establish itself in a captive environment, most likely because of the absence of the obligate intermediate host. Examination of archived specimens of striped bass showed that this parasite was probably present in the St Lawrence River population prior to its extirpation. Consequently, the introduction of infected fish into this ecosystem should not be a concern. Nevertheless, infection-related mortalities of fingerlings might affect dynamics of wild striped bass populations.  相似文献   

Management of Tomato Ringspot Virus in Red Raspberry with Crop Rotation     

《International Journal of Fruit Science》2013,13(3):55-67

Abstract

Tomato ringspot virus (ToRSV) is an important disease of red raspberry which is vectored by the dagger nematode, Xiphinema americanum. A field study was conducted to evaluate crop rotation as an alternative to soil fumigation for the management of ToRSV. The effects of treatments on nematode population densities and ToRSV were evaluated for 18 months during growth of rotation crops, and for 36 months after replanting raspberries. Treatments included the rotational crops rapeseed (Brassica napus) and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) (nonhosts for ToRSV), clean fallow, fumigation with methyl bromide, and controls in which raspberries followed raspberries. At planting, X. americanum densities were highest in fescue and control plots and lowest in fumigated plots, but densities decreased and remained low in all plots after planting ‘Meeker’ raspberries. Raspberry leaves were collected in each plot and assayed for ToRSV with ELISA for 3 years. ToRSV was detected only in the control plots. Rotations with rapeseed or tall fescue, or weed-free fallow were as effective as fumigation with methyl bromide in preventing re-infection of raspberry plants with ToRSV for three years.  相似文献   

昆虫病原线虫共生细菌对植物病原菌的抑制作用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

马丽丽  ;许艳丽;台莲梅 《植物保护》2007,33(4):7-11

昆虫病原线虫共生细菌能够产生多种次生代谢产物,如抑菌物质、杀虫蛋白和胞外酶等。其中产生抗生素是共生细菌的普遍特征,并且其代谢产物对多种植物病原菌具有抑制作用,特别是对疫霉具有较好的拮抗作用。对共生细菌的有效抑菌成分进行分离提取,有助于发现新的抗生素。本文综述了昆虫病原线虫共生细菌对植物病原菌的抑制作用以及抑菌作用活性物质的种类、致病机理、产生条件等方面的研究进展。  相似文献   

温度和初始接种量对南方根结线虫侵染力的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张锋  李英梅  洪波  张淑莲  陈志杰 《中国生态农业学报》2012,20(12):1631-1635

在棚室盆栽条件下,研究了南方根结线虫在不同温度、不同蔬菜寄主及不同初始接种密度下的症状表现。结果表明,5—9月,气温在22.17~27.61℃之间,南方根结线虫在黄瓜上最短3 d出现明显症状;1—4月和10—12月,气温在15.38~18.67℃之间,15 d出现明显症状,显症时间延迟,发病程度受到抑制。15种感病蔬菜寄主中,以西瓜、甜瓜、苦瓜、黄瓜、南瓜、西葫芦和小青菜症状表现时间比较短,10 d以内表现症状;番茄、豇豆、茄子和甘蓝症状表现时间比较长,15 d出现症状;而韭菜和葱30 d仍未出现明显症状。南方根结线虫对6种蔬菜(黄瓜、番茄、茄子、小青菜、辣椒、韭菜)的侵染能力存在显著差异,黄瓜和番茄的根结百分率、根际二龄幼虫数、雌成虫数和卵块数显著高于茄子、小青菜、辣椒和韭菜。随着二龄幼虫接种密度的增加,番茄感病症状表现时间缩短,相应的病情指数也在增加,在接种量为80头·100g-1(土)时,4 d出现明显症状。接种量为160头·100g-1(土)时超过其饱和数量,发病率和病情指数增加不明显。  相似文献   

Review of the biology and control of Oxyuris equi     

C. R. Reinemeyer  M. K. Nielsen 《Equine Veterinary Education》2014,26(11):584-591

Oxyuris equi is a well‐known equine parasite that has evolved over time from an easily controlled, minor nuisance into an increasingly prevalent pest that may frustrate even the most intensive management efforts. This paper reviews essential features of the biology, epidemiology, pathology, diagnosis and control of Oxyuris infections, and describes the current status of recent biological adaptations.  相似文献   

两种新型杀线虫剂对黄瓜根结线虫的防治试验     

余永志 《长江蔬菜》2014,(4):61-63

以10%噻唑磷颗粒剂为对照,研究了VELUM 500悬浮剂、FLU+IMD(180+260)悬浮剂2种杀线虫剂对黄瓜根结线虫的田间药效试验。试验结果表明,供试药剂对黄瓜无明显药害,对环境安全。以FLU+IMD(180+260)悬浮剂0.056 mL/株定植时灌根处理防效最优,药后60 d防效达到81.1%,其次为FLU+IMD(180+260)悬浮剂0.042 mL/株定植时灌根处理,药后60 d防效达到76.5%,生产上建议使用本药剂,推荐剂量为0.042~0.056 mL/株(制剂用量)。  相似文献   

番茄根结线虫病抗病基因Mi的CAPS标记及检测     

吴媛媛  李海涛  吕书文  刘念  杨国栋  邹庆道  张子君 《辽宁农业科学》2014,(6)

研究利用特异引物对2份抗病纯合材料(基因型Mi/Mi)和2份感病纯合材料(基因型mi/mi)进行PCR扩增,抗、感材料均产生750 bp的PCR扩增片段,纯合抗病和杂合抗病材料的PCR产物存在Taq I酶切位点,酶切后分别产生了570 bp和180 bp以及750 bp、570 bp和180 bp的片段,而感病材料的扩增产物无此酶切位点,酶切后仍为750 bp的片段。利用该标记对4份番茄杂交种进行检测,其中2份杂交种表现为杂合抗病型,另2份杂交种表现为纯合感病型。利用该标记对其中一个表现为杂合抗病的杂交种50份F2代单株进行检测,抗感遗传的分离比符合3∶1。说明该分子标记的这一抗病基因属于单基因控制的质量性状遗传位点。  相似文献