排序方式： 共有97条查询结果，搜索用时 62 毫秒
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Miao Li Christine Mainquist‐Whigham Locke A. Karriker Larry W. Wulf Dongping Zeng Ronette Gehring Jim E. Riviere Johann F. Coetzee Zhoumeng Lin 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2019,42(4):461-475
Penicillin G is widely used in food‐producing animals at extralabel doses and is one of the most frequently identified violative drug residues in animal‐derived food products. In this study, the plasma pharmacokinetics and tissue residue depletion of penicillin G in heavy sows after repeated intramuscular administrations at label (6.5 mg/kg) and 5 × label (32.5 mg/kg) doses were determined. Plasma, urine, and environmental samples were tested as potential antemortem markers for penicillin G residues. The collected new data and other available data from the literature were used to develop a population physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model for penicillin G in heavy sows. The results showed that antemortem testing of urine provided potential correlation with tissue residue levels. Based on the United States Department of Agriculture Food Safety and Inspection Service action limit of 25 ng/g, the model estimated a withdrawal interval of 38 days for penicillin G in heavy sows after 3 repeated intramuscular injections at 5 × label dose. This study improves our understanding of penicillin G pharmacokinetics and tissue residue depletion in heavy sows and provides a tool to predict proper withdrawal intervals after extralabel use of penicillin G in heavy sows, thereby helping safety assessment of sow‐derived meat products. 相似文献
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Zeynep Ozdemir Hatice Eser Faki Kamil Uney Bunyamin Tras 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2019,42(5):497-504
The purpose of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetic interaction between ivermectin (0.4 mg/kg) and praziquantel (10 mg/kg) administered either alone or co‐administered to dogs after oral treatment. Twelve healthy cross‐bred dogs (weighing 18–21 kg, aged 1–3 years) were allocated randomly into two groups of six dogs (four females, two males) each. In first group, the tablet forms of praziquantel and ivermectin were administered using a crossover design with a 15‐day washout period, respectively. Second group received tablet form of ivermectin plus praziquantel. The plasma concentrations of ivermectin and praziquantel were determined by high‐performance liquid chromatography using a fluorescence and ultraviolet detector, respectively. The pharmacokinetic parameters of ivermectin following oral alone‐administration were as follows: elimination half‐life (t1/2λz) 110 ± 11.06 hr, area under the plasma concentration–time curve (AUC0–∞) 7,805 ± 1,768 hr.ng/ml, maximum concentration (Cmax) 137 ± 48.09 ng/ml, and time to reach Cmax (Tmax) 14.0 ± 4.90 hr. The pharmacokinetic parameters of praziquantel following oral alone‐administration were as follows: t1/2λz 7.39 ± 3.86 hr, AUC0–∞ 4,301 ± 1,253 hr.ng/ml, Cmax 897 ± 245 ng/ml, and Tmax 5.33 ± 0.82 hr. The pharmacokinetics of ivermectin and praziquantel were not changed, except Tmax of praziquantel in the combined group. In conclusion, the combined formulation of ivermectin and praziquantel can be preferred in the treatment and prevention of diseases caused by susceptible parasites in dogs because no pharmacokinetic interaction was determined between them. 相似文献
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Zeynep Ozdemir Bunyamin Tras Kamil Uney Hatice Eser Faki Tugba Melike Besoluk 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2019,42(1):45-51
This study was conducted to determine the passage ratio of amoxicillin into milk and its pharmacokinetics in milk and plasma after intramuscular administration. Five healthy dairy cows (Holstein, weighing 450–500 kg, aged 2–4 years) were used in this study. They received single intramuscular amoxicillin at a dose of 14 mg/kg body weight. Blood and milk samples were collected prior to drug administration (0); after 15, 30, 45, 60, and 90 min; and 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 hr after administration. The plasma and milk concentrations of amoxicillin were determined using high‐performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. The passage ratio of amoxicillin into milk and plasma was determined using both AUC‐based calculation and milk and plasma concentrations at sampling times; it was calculated 0.46 and 0.52, respectively. The terminal half‐life and mean residence time of amoxicillin were 6.05 and 8.60 hr in plasma and 2.62 and 5.35 hr in milk, respectively. The Cmax2 levels of amoxicillin in plasma and milk were measured as 1,096 and 457 ng/ml, respectively. It was observed that amoxicillin exhibited a secondary peak in plasma and milk. This study was the first to report on the passage ratio of amoxicillin into milk in lactating cows. 相似文献
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单诺沙星脂质体在蛋雏鸡血浆的药代动力学 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
分别采用静脉注射和内服两种给药途径给予健康蛋雏鸡甲磺酸单诺沙星溶液和甲磺酸单诺沙星脂质体混悬液(剂量为5 mg/kg).结果显示,两种剂型静注给药的药时数据均符合无吸收二室开放模型,主要药动学参数分别为T1/2α 0.349 6、0.351 8 h;T1/2β6.411 4、8.193 2 h;AUC3.799 7、5.066 0 mg/(L·h);CLβ1.723 2、1.131 7 L/(kg·h).两种剂型内服给药的药时数据均符合一级吸收一室开放模型,主要药动学参数分别为T1/2 Ka0.301 7、0.524 4 h;T1/2K 4.479 2、5.021 7 h;AUC 3.284 4、4.610 6 mg/(L·h);Cmax 0.483 8、1.054 8 mg/L;Tp 1.287 3、1.936 2 h;生物利用度分别为86.44%、91.01%.可见这两种剂型的静注与内服给药的体内药动学特征不同.与甲磺酸单诺沙星溶液相比,甲磺酸单诺沙星脂质体血浆半衰期延长,达峰浓度高,有效浓度维持时间持久,内服生物利用度提高. 相似文献
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雏鸡肠炎沙门菌病是肠炎沙门菌及其内毒素共同作用的结果。为了研究白鸡屎藤挥发油抗肠炎沙门菌及其内毒素的作用,本试验测定了白鸡屎藤挥发油抗肠炎沙门菌的效果,进一步提取了肠炎沙门菌内毒素并测试了白鸡屎藤挥发油对肠炎沙门菌内毒素的体外灭活作用和对肠炎沙门菌内毒素致热的解热作用,同时本试验还对白鸡屎藤挥发油进行了定性定量分析并测试了白鸡屎藤挥发油及其主要药理活性成分的药动学特征。结果显示,白鸡屎藤挥发油包括丁香酚、樟脑、龙脑、水杨酸甲酯等活性成分,在中剂量（100mL／L）、高剂量（150mL／L）均表现出较强的体外抑菌效果,25mL／L以上浓度即可表现出较强的灭活内毒素作用,并且2～4h大部活性成分进入血液循环,表现出显著的解热作用。结果表明,白鸡屎藤挥发油具有一定的抗菌、抗内毒素和解热作用,可以用于雏鸡肠炎沙门菌感染性发热病的治疗。 相似文献
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复方盐酸头孢噻呋混悬剂的药代动力学研究 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
利用药物动力学的方法考察复方盐酸头孢噻呋混悬剂是否具备缓释长效的特点,同时研究鱼腥草油对头孢噻呋药代动力学的影响。36只SPF大鼠随机平均分成三组:A组单剂量注射复方盐酸头孢噻呋混悬剂,B组单剂量注射盐酸头孢噻呋混悬剂,C组单剂量注射头孢噻呋钠粉针;三组注射剂量均为50 mg/(kg.bw)。采用反相高效液相色谱内标法测定血浆药物浓度,并以DAS2.0药动学程序和SPSS(11.0)统计软件对所得数据进行分析。A、B、C组药时数据均符合一级吸收二室模型(权重=1/cc),主要动力学参数如下:A组:T1/2Ka=(1.253±0.100)h,Tpeak=(2.000±0.000)h,Cmax=(35.203±5.732)mg/L,AUC=(229.51±18.278)mg.h/L;B组:T1/2Ka=(0.341±0.090)h,Tpeak=(1.000±0.000)h,Cmax=(43.919±1.51)mg/L,AUC=(188.488±9.611)mg.h/L;C组:T1/2Ka=(0.044±0.012)h,Tpeak=(0.167±0.000)h,Cmax=(159.091±19.971)mg/L,AUC=(128.554±6.625)mg.h/L。实验数据表明,复方盐酸头孢噻呋混悬剂肌肉注射后,其药物动力学特征表现为吸收缓慢,血药浓度平稳,消除半衰期延长,生物利用度高等特点,在临床上注射1次,连用3 d,可以维持有效血液浓度。 相似文献
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本试验将16只成年健康猫随机分成2组,每组8只(公母各半),采用单剂量随机平行对照试验设计,分别单剂量(4 mg/kg体重,以米尔贝肟计)经口内服国产(受试品)和进口(对照品)米尔贝肟吡喹酮片,进行其在猫体内的药代动力学比较研究.给药后按预定时间采集血样,采用HPLC法进行血浆中米尔贝肟和吡喹酮含量的测定,实测血药浓度—时间数据采用Winnonlin 5.2药代动力学分析软件计算药代动力学参数.结果显示,米尔贝肟吡喹酮片对照品单剂量内服后,米尔贝肟的消除半衰期(T1/2β)为(20.08±7.57)h,达峰时间(Tmax)和峰值浓度(Cmax)分别为6.00 h和(764.43±251.40)ng/mL,平均曲线下面积(AUC)为(15.00±5.05)ng/(L·h),平均滞留时间(MRT)(18.60±1.52)h;吡喹酮的消除半衰期(T1/2β)为(6.27±5.26)h,达峰时间(Tmax)和峰值浓度(Cmax)分别为(3.88±0.35)h和(1018.25±200.19)ng/mL,平均曲线下面积(AUC)为(8.69±2.07)ng/(L·h),平均滞留时间(MRT)(6.56±1.07)h.米尔贝肟吡喹酮片受试品单剂量内服后,米尔贝肟的消除半衰期(T1/2β)为(15.07±4.05)h,达峰时间(Tmax)和峰值浓度(Cmax)分别为(5.25±1.04)h和(806.65±299.01)ng/mL,平均曲线下面积(AUC)为(15.18±5.97)ng/(L·h),平均滞留时间(MRT)(17.47±1.97)h,相对生物利用度为101.20%;吡喹酮的消除半衰期(T1/2β)为(11.11±4.62)h,达峰时间(Tmax)和峰值浓度(Cmax)分别为(5.25±1.04)h和(880.47±241.27)ng/mL,平均曲线下面积(AUC)为(9.64±2.76)ng/(L·h),平均滞留时间(MRT)(10.52±1.52)h,相对生物利用度为119.16%.与对照品相比,受试品的药代动力学参数中除米尔贝肟的消除半衰期显著缩短、吡喹酮的达峰时间显著延迟外(P<0.05),其他药代动力学参数差异均不显著(P>0.05).结果表明,猫经口内服米尔贝肟吡喹酮片受试品与对照品后具有相似的药代动力学特征. 相似文献
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目的 研究枳壳对丁螺环酮在健康大鼠体内药物动力学的影响。方法 将SD大鼠随机分为丁螺环酮组,丁螺环酮加枳壳低剂量组（15 g/kg）,丁螺环酮加枳壳高剂量组（30 g/kg）,测定给药后5、10、20、30、45、60、90、120、240、360、480、600 min丁螺环酮的血药浓度,计算并比较其药动学参数。结果 与丁螺环酮组比较,丁螺环酮加枳壳低剂量组和高剂量组中丁螺环酮AUC（0-t）分别增加2.49和4.18倍,Cmax分别增加1.63和2.57倍,Tmax从0.28 h分别延长至0.52和1.06 h,t1/2从0.96 h分别延长至2.18和4.87 h,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 枳壳可增加同服药物丁螺环酮的AUC（0-t）和Cmax,提高丁螺环酮生物利用度,并有剂量依赖性趋势,枳壳与丁螺环酮发生显著的药动学相互作用。 相似文献