金柑总黄酮对小鼠胃肠吸收功能的影响   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

黎继烈  刘宗敏  钟海雁  李忠海 《中南林业科技大学学报(自然科学版)》2007,27(2):79-82

以金柑总黄酮为原料,采用阿托品建立抑制胃肠吸收的动物模型,探讨不同产地(湖南浏阳、江西遂川)与不同剂量(160mg/kg、80 mg/kg、20 mg/kg)的金柑总黄酮对小鼠胃排空、小肠推进率和小肠吸收功能的影响.结果表明:与模型对照组比,两个高剂量组的小鼠胃酚红排空、小肠酚红推进率和对木糖的吸收具有极显著的影响(P<0.01),两个中剂量组有显著影响(P<0.05),两个低剂量组无显著影响.  相似文献   

Pharmacokinetics of famciclovir and penciclovir in tears following oral administration of famciclovir to cats: a pilot study     

Thomasy SM  Covert JC  Stanley SD  Maggs DJ 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2012,15(5):299-306

Objective To validate a means of collecting tears from cats, develop an assay for quantifying famciclovir and penciclovir in tears, and to assess famciclovir and penciclovir concentrations and pharmacokinetics in the tears of cats being treated orally with famciclovir for suspected herpetic disease. Animals Seven client‐owned cats. Procedures Cats were treated orally with a median (range) dose of 40 (39–72) mg of famciclovir/kg three times daily for at least 24 h. At various time points following famciclovir administration, tear samples were collected using Schirmer tear test strips. Tear famciclovir and penciclovir concentrations were measured using liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry, and concentration‐time profiles were analyzed noncompartmentally. The relationship between famciclovir dose and tear penciclovir concentration near its maximum was evaluated using least squares linear regression. Results Maximum tear famciclovir concentration of 0.305 μg/mL occurred at 2.64 h; elimination half‐life was 2.28 h. Maximum tear penciclovir concentration (0.981 μg/mL) occurred 2.25 h following oral administration of famciclovir; elimination half‐life was 2.77 h. A significant positive correlation was noted between famciclovir dose and tear penciclovir concentration at various time points between 0.5 and 3.75 h following drug administration (P = 0.025). Tear penciclovir concentration exceeded the concentration shown to have in vitro efficacy against feline herpesvirus (FHV‐1) (0.304 μg/mL) in about half of samples collected. Conclusions Oral administration of 40 mg of famciclovir/kg to cats resulted in a tear penciclovir concentration‐time profile that approximated the plasma penciclovir concentration‐time profile and frequently achieved a penciclovir concentration at the ocular surface likely to be effective against FHV‐1.  相似文献   

示例分析法在兽医药理学教学中的应用探析     

齐永华  范国英  姜金庆  王自良 《畜牧与饲料科学》2012,33(2):52-53

示例分析教学法是将理论知识与临床实际紧密联系的有效方式,可以激发学生的学习兴趣,增加其学习主动性,这样既可以提高教学效果,也有助于提高学生的综合素质。介绍了示例分析法在兽医药理学教学中的重要作用及其在展示过程中的关键控制点。  相似文献   

Plasma concentrations,behavioural and physiological effects following intravenous and intramuscular detomidine in horses     

K. R. Mama  K. Grimsrud  T. Snell  S. Stanley 《Equine veterinary journal》2009,41(8):772-777

Reasons for performing study: Detomidine hydrochloride is used to provide sedation, muscle relaxation and analgesia in horses, but a lack of information pertaining to plasma concentration has limited the ability to correlate drug concentration with effect. Objectives: To build on previous information and assess detomidine for i.v. and i.m. use in horses by simultaneously assessing plasma drug concentrations, physiological parameters and behavioural characteristics. Hypothesis: Systemic effects would be seen following i.m. and i.v. detomidine administration and these effects would be positively correlated with plasma drug concentrations. Methods: Behavioural (e.g. head position) and physiological (e.g. heart rate) responses were recorded at fixed time points from 4 min to 24 h after i.m. or i.v. detomidine (30 μg/kg bwt) administration to 8 horses. Route of administration was assigned using a balanced crossover design. Blood was sampled at predetermined time points from 0.5 min to 48 h post administration for subsequent detomidine concentration measurements using liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry. Data were summarised as mean ± s.d. for subsequent analysis of variance for repeated measures. Results: Plasma detomidine concentration peaked earlier (1.5 min vs. 1.5 h) and was significantly higher (105.4 ± 71.6 ng/ml vs. 6.9 ± 1.4 ng/ml) after i.v. vs. i.m. administration. Physiological and behavioural changes were of a greater magnitude and observed at earlier time points for i.v. vs. i.m. groups. For example, head position decreased from an average of 116 cm in both groups to a low value 35 ± 23 cm from the ground 10 min following i.v. detomidine and to 64 ± 24 cm 60 min after i.m. detomidine. Changes in heart rate followed a similar pattern; low value of 17 beats/min 10 min after i.v. administration and 29 beats/min 30 min after i.m. administration. Conclusions: Plasma drug concentration and measured effects were correlated positively and varied with route of administration following a single dose of detomidine. Potential relevance: Results support a significant influence of route of administration on desirable and undesirable drug effects that influence case management.  相似文献   

雷公藤根皮提取物对茭白二化螟的生物活性   总被引：20，自引：0，他引：20       下载免费PDF全文

郑许松  俞晓平  吕仲贤  陈建明  徐红星  叶恭银 《植物保护》2003,29(3):31-35

研究了雷公藤根皮乙醇提取物对茭白二化螟的生物活性 ,结果表明 ,提取物对二化螟幼虫有较强的拒食作用、生长发育抑制作用、毒杀作用和内吸毒力。对 2龄 1日幼虫选择性与非选择性的拒食中浓度 (AFC₅₀)分别为111.57μg/mL和 144.28μg/mL ,生长发育的抑制中浓度 (EC₅₀)为 134.39μg/mL。内吸毒杀作用在 1600μg/mL浓度下能达到 90%以上 ,胃毒作用在 800μg/mL下 ,处理 5d后的死亡率为 73.71% ,对二化螟蚁螟的触杀作用不明显 ,对天敌螟黄足绒茧蜂安全。  相似文献   

竹叶黄酮的抗氧化性及其心脑血管药理活性研究进展   总被引：23，自引：3，他引：20  

陆柏益  张英  吴晓琴 《林产化学与工业》2005,25(3):120-124

介绍了竹叶黄酮的抗氧化性及其心脑血管药理活性相关的研究进展.1)体内体外实验表明,竹叶黄酮具有清除自由基、抗脂质过氧化、提升体内抗氧化水平的作用; 2)动物试验和临床试验表明,竹叶黄酮能显著降低动物及人体的血清甘油三酯含量, 升高高密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量; 3)药理研究表明,竹叶黄酮具有抗整体动物缺氧的作用、能有效扩张冠脉血管、增加冠脉流量,增加心肌收缩力、明显改善心肌缺血及缩小心梗范围,降低血小板聚集程度、有效抑制凝血和血栓形成,对脑缺血有一定的保护作用.竹叶黄酮具有作为防治心脑血管疾病的天然药物和膳食补充剂开发的潜力.  相似文献   

Cod CGRP and tachykinins in coeliac artery innervation of the Atlantic cod, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Gadus morhua</Emphasis>: presence and vasoactivity     

Shahbazi F  Holmgren S  Jensen J 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2009,35(3):369-376

The presence and vasoactive effects of native calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), substance P (SP), and neurokinin A (NKA) were studied on isolated small branches of the coeliac artery from Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua, using immunohistochemistry and myograph recordings, respectively. Immunohistochemistry revealed nerve fibers containing CGRP- and SP/NKA-like material running along the wall of the arteries. CGRP induced vasorelaxation of precontracted arteries with a pD₂ value of 8.54 ± 0.17. Relaxation to CGRP (10⁻⁸ M) was unaffected by l-NAME (3 × 10⁻⁴ M) and indomethacin (10⁻⁶ M) suggesting no involvement of nitric oxide or prostaglandins in the CGRP-induced relaxation. SP and NKA (from 10⁻¹⁰ to 3 × 10⁻⁷ M) contracted the unstimulated arteries at concentrations from 10⁻⁸ M and above in 42% and 33%, respectively, of the vessels. It is concluded that the innervation of the cod celiac artery includes nerves expressing CGRP-like and tachykinin-like material, and that a vasodilatory response to CGRP is highly conserved amongst vertebrates while the response to tachykinins is more variable.  相似文献   

基于网络药理学探究鱼腥草芩蓝口服液清热抗炎的作用机制     

宋朋杰  武小虎  张世栋  王东升  杨洁  李亚娟  邵丹  沈文祥  蒋威  严作廷 《西北农业学报》2020,30(2):165-174

为探究鱼腥草芩蓝口服液潜在活性成分的清热抗炎机制,通过中药系统药理学数据库与分析平台(Traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform,TCMSP)收集鱼腥草芩蓝口服液5味中药的有效成分和作用靶点,构建化合物-靶点网络图、蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用(PPI)网络图以及靶点通路图。结果共筛选出24种化合物,包括异热马酮、黄芩黄酮Ⅱ、依靛蓝酮、毛果芸香苷、连翘醇等,筛选到与24种化合物相关的作用靶点79个。PPI网络包含43个靶点蛋白,包括ESR1、NCOA1、HSP90AA1、PTGS2、NOS3、MAPK14等关键靶点。富集分析得到与生物过程相关的GO条目64个(FDR0.05),与分子功能相关的GO条目17个(FDR0.024),与细胞成分相关的GO条目4个(FDR0.41)。以P0.01为标准筛选出显著性富集的GO条目,得到参与清热抗炎的生物过程有:血液循环、雌激素调节、突触后膜调控等。KEGG分析得到5条信号调控通路,包括禽孕酮介导的卵母细胞成熟通路、禽神经细胞膜配体-受体信号通路、血管内皮生长因子信号通路等。初步揭示鱼腥草芩蓝口服液复方中5味中药的24种化合物的基本药理作用,即鱼腥草芩蓝口服液可能是通过调控卵母细胞成熟过程、禽神经细胞膜配体-受体信号调节过程、血管内皮生长因子信号调节过程等实现其清热抗炎作用,具体机制尚需要进一步试验验证。  相似文献   

中国果用木瓜栽培育种技术研究及其综合开发利用新进展     

岳华峰  王玉忠  张宁  刘永恒  杨超伟  杨绍彬  李相宽 《世界林业研究》2020,33(4):88-93

木瓜为蔷薇科木瓜属（Chaenomeles spp.）植物,其果实在食品、药品等领域具有重要的利用价值。文中围绕木瓜属最为常见的皱皮木瓜（Ch.speciosa）和光皮木瓜（Ch.sinensis）,从栽培育种、食品加工特性、活性成分提取、药理作用、香气成分等方面系统总结了中国果用木瓜近些年的研究进展,希望以此推动木瓜栽培育种、食品加工、活性成分利用及香气利用等研究水平的持续提高,并为木瓜产业的发展提供参考。  相似文献   

生理药动学模型及其在兽医药理学研究中的应用     

丁焕中  曾振灵 《动物医学进展》2007,28(9):55-59

生理药动学模型是一种模拟机体循环系统的血液流向,将各器官或组织相互联结起来而建立的整体模型,和经典房室模型与统计矩原理相比,生理模型有其独特的优越性.建立药动学生理模型的主要步骤包括收集资料、设计血流图、建立物质平衡方程组、验证和修订模型.目前,国内外学者已开展了数十种化合物在动物或人体内的生理药动学模型研究.生理模型在开展兽医药动-药效模型研究、指导兽药临床合理应用、指导新兽药的研发、评估兽药残留风险等方面具有良好的应用前景.  相似文献