低温等离子体诱变华山松种子效果研究     

辛培尧  周军  唐军荣  张亚威  费希同  段安安 《广西农业科学》2014,(4):619-622

[目的]探讨低温等离子体对华山松种子的诱变效果,为利用等离子体诱变进行植物遗传改良提供理论依据和实践指导.[方法]用150、180、210、240、270及300W6种功率等离子体对华山松种子进行诱变处理,以不进行诱变处理作对照,测定诱变后种子的发芽率和发芽势;幼苗生长180 d后,观察幼苗苗高、地径和幼苗生长变异系数,分析等离子体对华山松幼苗生长的影响.[结果]180、210、240W低温等离子体处理的华山松种子发芽率分别达70.67％、74.67％和72.00％,与对照（57.33％）的差异显著（P＜0.05,下同）;幼苗苗高分别为8.90、8.32和8.20 cm,与对照（7.83 cm）的差异显著;幼苗地径以210W处理最粗（1.88 mm）,与对照（1.62 mm）、300W处理（1.50 mm）差异显著.270、300 W低温等离子体处理的华山松种子发芽率分别为47.33％和28.67％,分别比对照低10.00和28.66个的百分点;幼苗苗高分别为7.11和7.14 cm,明显低于对照;300W处理的幼苗地径粗低于对照,且差异显著.300 W处理幼苗苗高和地径粗的诱变系数最高,分别为28.43％和24.67％.[结论]270 W以下等离子体能促进华山松种子发芽和幼苗生长;利用300 W低温等离子体诱使华山松幼苗苗高和径粗发生变异的系数较高,便于进行华山松的良种选育.  相似文献   

Temperature shifts induce adaptive changes in the physical state of carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) erythrocyte plasma membranes in vitro     

Indranil Dey  Tibor Farkas 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1992,10(4):347-355

Blood, freshly collected from warm- and cold-acclimated carp, Cyprinus carpio L., was cooled to 5°C for 4h or warmed to 25°C for 4h, respectively, and the fluorescence anisotropy of washed red blood cells was recorded using the fluorescent dye 3-(p-(6-phenyl-1,3,5-hexatrienyl) phenyl propionic acid [DPH-PA] (which is restricted to the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane) before and after the temperature shift. Despite individual variation, the plasma membrane of cold-exposed erythrocytes became more fluid while that of warm-exposed cells became more rigid following the temperature shift. This response was rapid and reversible. Cold-exposed cells from warm-acclimated fish became more fluid within 40–60 minutes and reverted to their original fluidity within the same time on warming, at a rate of 1°C/min; erythrocytes, from cold-adapted carp displayed an opposite change in fluidity over a similar time period. Cells from warm-acclimated, temperature down-shifted carp hyperfluidized their plasma membranes in the cold, whereas cells from cold-acclimated fish up-shifted in temperature showed no similar effect. These cells showed a complete adjustment of membrane physical state to the temperature. Total phospholipids obtained from warm-acclimated temperature down-shifted cells became more rigid than they were, when assayed at the acclimation temperature. In contrast, phospholipids obtained from cold-acclimated cells became more rigid when exposed to increasing temperatures. No significant changes occurred to the polar head groups, or to the fatty acid composition of the total phospholipids. It was concluded that the lipids play only a secondary role in the control of the physical state of plasma membrane in carp erythrocytes, and that some non-lipid components of these structures might be involved in these regulatory processes.  相似文献   

cDNA cloning and characterization of the warm-temperature-acclimation-associated protein Wap65 from carp, Cyprinus carpio     

S. Kinoshita  S. Itoi  S. Watabe 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2001,24(2):125-134

We determined full-length cDNA of carp warm-temperature-acclimation-associated 65-kDa protein (Wap65). It encoded 439 amino acid residues with a signal peptide of 22 residues and showed an amino acid sequence identity of 88% to that of goldfish reported before (J. Biol. Chem. 1995. 270: 17087–17092). The number of potential N-linked glycosylation sites of carp Wap65 was two in contrast to three for goldfish. In addition, molecular mass determined by SDS-PAGE was apparently different from that of goldfish. These results suggest that the amount of oligosaccharide is different between the carp and goldfish protein. As in goldfish, carp Wap65 mRNA showed marked accumulation in hepatopancreas of the 30 °C- acclimated fish, which was 8-fold higher than that of the 10 °C-acclimated fish. Carp Wap65 showed 30% amino acid identity to mammalian hemopexins, which appeared to be considerably low in comparison with those among mammalian hemopexins (72 to 80%), or among carp Wap65 and rainbow trout hemopexin-like protein (70%). However, although mammalian hemopexins contain residues comprising the heme binding pocket, carp Wap65 lacked one of the two histidine residues to serve as heme axial ligands in hemopexins. Our data on carp protein substantiates the previous observation for goldfish and indicates that Wap65 might have some important functions in warm-temperature-acclimation of fish.  相似文献   

Digestive protease activities and free amino acids in white muscle as indicators for feed conversion efficiency and growth rate in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.)     

J. Sunde  G.L. Taranger  K. Rungruangsak-Torrissen 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2001,25(4):335-345

The aim of the present experiment was to screen several biochemical indices in fish and their interrelations in order to select variables for future studies of growth rate and feed conversion. Several parameters [trypsin activity, chymotrypsin activity, free amino acids (FAA) in plasma and white muscle, and RNA and RNA/protein ratio in the white muscle] were measured together with specific growth rate (SGR), feed intake and feed conversion efficiency (FCE) in four groups of diploid or triploid Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) reared under different light regimes. SGR was measured on individually tagged fish, whereas feed intake and feed conversion was estimated on tank basis. A principal component analysis (PCA) explained 80.6% of the variance in the data, using all measured parameters, regardless of ploidy and light regime. Muscle free hydroxyproline showed the highest correlation, alone explaining 55% of SGR variability. The SGR also significantly correlated with trypsin activity (r=0.34), the activity ratio of trypsin to chymotrypsin (T/C) (r=0.39), plasma essential FAA (EAA) (r=0.39), plasma total FAA (TFAA) (r=0.37), the ratio of essential to non-essential FAA (EAA/NEAA) in the white muscle (r=–0.45), muscle RNA (r=–0.45) and RNA/protein ratio (r=–0.41). Tank FCE correlated positively (r=0.97) with SGR, T/C ratio and muscle free hydroxyproline, and negatively (r=–0.90) with muscle EAA/NEAA. The groups reared under continuous light (LL) regime showed significantly higher SGR than simulated natural photoperiod (SNP) groups, and with an apparently higher FCE. A higher growth rate was associated with either a higher consumption rate and/or a higher feed utilization. A negative correlation between muscle RNA concentration and SGR may indicate that increased growth rate under LL regime was not caused by an increased protein deposition rate.  相似文献   

A novel mannose-binding lectin from plasma of Labeo rohita     

S. Mitra  H.R. Das 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2001,25(2):121-129

A new mannose-binding lectin was purified from plasma of freshwater fish, rohu (Labeo rohita) by ammonium sulphate precipitation followed by DEAE-cellulose ion-exchange chromatography. The hemagglutinating activity is strong for neuraminidase-treated rabbit erythrocytes. Mannose, glucose and their derivatives inhibit hemagglutination. The apparent molecular weight was determined to be 210 kDa in native PAGE. Analysed on SDS-PAGE under reducing and non-reducing conditions, the protein migrated as a single band of mol.wt. 40,000. The lectin is acidic in nature showing a pI of 4.5. It is a glycoprotein containing complex glycan part as indicated by carbohydrate analysis using high-pressure anion exchange chromatography with a pulsed amperometric detector. The N-terminal sequence (WLNGIGTQIPMKITT) shows no significant homology with known proteins. It appears to be a C-type lectin as Ca²⁺ is essential for carbohydrate-binding activity. Methyl -α- D-mannopyranoside was found to be the most potent inhibitor among the monosaccharides and disaccharides tested. Purified lectin was found to induce intracellular superoxide production following opsonization of E. coli by its own macrophages. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Evaluation of feeding spray-dried bovine plasma protein on production performance of laying hens exposed to high ambient temperatures     

《The Journal of Applied Poultry Research》2014,23(3):393-402

The purpose of this study was to evaluate feeding 2 levels of spray-dried bovine plasma protein (SDP) on production performance of laying hens subjected to high ambient temperatures. Two groups of 96 Hy-Line W-98 hens (38 wk of age) were housed in each of 2 environmentally controlled chambers. At 40 wk of age, all hens were fed 3 diet treatments consisting of (1) a control diet (0% SDP); (2) the control diet supplemented with 0.75% SDP; and (3) the control diet supplemented with 1.50% SDP. Hens in each chamber (8 cages of 4 hens per cage) were ad libitum fed 1 of each diet for 5 wk. The heat stress (HS) chamber was maintained at 21°C (wk 1), 29°C (wk 2), and 35°C (wk 3 to 5). The thermoneutral chamber was maintained at 21°C during wk 1 to 5. A significant main effect of week was observed for hens maintained in the HS chamber for egg production, egg weight, egg mass, and feed consumption, which resulted in acute heat stress causing a reduction in these parameters. Hens fed the 1.50% SDP diet in the HS chamber produced greater (P < 0.05) egg mass on average than hens fed the control or 0.75% SDP diet (wk 1 to 5). During the second week of acute HS (wk 4), hens fed the control and 1.50% SDP diets had greater (P < 0.05) egg production than those fed the 0.75% SDP diet. During wk 5, hens in the HS chamber that were fed the 1.50% SDP diet produced more (P < 0.05) eggs than those fed the control diet. Therefore, based on the results of this study, acute HS negatively affected short-term production performance. In addition, feeding hens an SDP-supplemented diet may have a slight positive effect on production performance when maintained in acute HS conditions.  相似文献   

Nonpharmaceutical Approaches to Pain Management     

Lisa Corti 《Topics in companion animal medicine》2014,29(1):24-28

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The evaluation of secondary stress response of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella, Val. 1844) after exposing to the saline water     

H. Yavuzcan-Yıldız  M. Kırkavgaç-Uzbilek 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2001,25(4):287-290

The stress response of grass carp to salinity was evaluated assessing the levels of hematocrit, leucocrit, plasma glucose, sodium, potassium and calcium. Mean hematocrit values increased following exposure to salinity. Mean leucocrit values elevated after exposure to salinity for 24 h, then decreased. Mean plasma glucose increased during saline exposure for 48 h and then decreased to normal values. Plasma sodium and chloride levels were increased to their highest values after 48 h. While plasma potassium value increased with the exposure time, plasma calcium values were not affected by salinity exposure.  相似文献   

Pituitary and plasma AVT content in the flounder (Platichthys flesus)     

K.E. Harding  J.M. Warne  S. Hyodo  R.J. Balment 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1997,17(1-6):357-362

Radioimmunoassay measurement of pituitary AVT content and plasma AVT concentration indicated comparable levels in fully adapted sea water (SW) and fresh water (FW) flounders. Circulating AVT represented less than 0.1% of the pituitary AVT reserve. The urophysis contained AVT but the total content was only 2 or 3 fold that of circulating AVT. In fish adapted to hypertonic media, there was a close correlation between plasma AVT concentration and plasma Na⁺ concentration or osmolality. The present study examined the effects of acute osmotic challenge, associated with FW to SW transfer, and the influence of extracellular fluid volume status on AVT secretion. Short-term transfer of fish from FW to SW (up to 3 days) did not evoke a clear change in plasma AVT levels, though pituitary content was reduced at 24 h. During the first 3 days after transfer to SW, only small increments in plasma tonicity were apparent. The sensitivity of AVT secretion to osmotic stimuli may only be expressed when plasma osmolality has exceeded a specific threshold, which was probably not reached in these transfer studies. Fish in hypotonic media showed no relationship between plasma osmolality/tonicity and plasma AVT concentration. Acute extracellular fluid volume expansion of SW adapted fish also abolished the normally observed relationship between plasma osmolality and AVT concentration in these hypertonic media fish. This trend indicates that volume status may modulate the sensitivity of AVT secretion to osmotic stimuli as occurs in tetrapods.  相似文献   

Control of ion transport by the sperm duct epithelium of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis)     

William S. Marshall  Sharon E. Bryson  David R. Idler 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1989,7(1-6):331-336

The sperm duct epithelium of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis), mountedin vitro in Ussing-style epithelial chambers actively absorbs Na⁺ (measured as the short-circuit current, I_sc) and secretes K⁺ (measured using⁸⁶Rb⁺ as tracer). Dibutyryl-cyclic-adenosine monophosphate (db-cAMP) and 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IMX) produce a rapid, sustained stimulation of both ion transport processes, but the hormone connected to the response is unknown. Purified sockeye salmon CON A2 gonadotropin (GtH) produces a dose-dependent, rapid and sustained rise in Na⁺ uptake and K⁺ secretion. The time course, electrophysiological and transport characteristics are similar to those evoked by IMX. Carbohydrate-poor (chum salmon CON A1) GtH is ineffective. Pretreatment of fish with 17α,20β-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (17α,20β-P) significantly increases milt volume but is without effect on resting or stimulated (IMX + db-cAMP) levels of sperm duct ion transport. This is the first indication of a direct, rapid action of GtH on ion transport by the vertebrate blood-testis barrier. The results suggest direct involvement of GtH in control of later stages of sperm maturation.  相似文献