Biochemical characterization of Siberian sturgeon Acipenser baeri and sterlet Acipenser ruthenus milt plasma and spermatozoa     

B. Piros  J. Glogowski  R. Kolman  A. Rzemieniecki  J. Domagala  Á. Horváth  B. Urbanyi  A. Ciereszko 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2002,26(3):289-295

This paper provides data concerning biochemical composition of milt of two sturgeon species, Siberian sturgeon bred in aquaculture facility of Inland Fisheries Institute in North Poland and sterlet (from two different populations from Danube and Odra). Milt plasma of Siberian sturgeon and sterlet, when compared to teleost fish, is characterized by much lower osmolality (up 70 to 96 mOsm kg⁻¹) and protein concentration (0.24–0.58 g l⁻¹). In spite of the presence of an acrosome and acrosin the antiproteinase activity of seminal plasma was low (12.79–25.40 U l⁻¹). Activities of arylsulfatase and β-N-acetylglucosaminidase were found in spermatozoa. This agrees with the presence of an acrosome in sturgeons sperm. Similarly to mammals, these enzymes are also present in milt plasma. We determined a range of enzymatic activities from the minimal (seminal plasma) to the maximal damage (supernatants obtained after freezing-thawing without cryoprotectant). Activities of arylsulfatase, β-N-acetylglucosaminidase, lactic dehydrogenase and acid phosphatase were released from spermatozoa after freezing-thawing. For this reason they are good potential candidates as a markers of cryoinjury to sperm acrosome and midpiece. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Dynamics of plasma free amino acids in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss under variety of dietary conditions     

Chutima Tantikitti  B. E. March 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1995,14(3):179-194

Plasma amino acid profiles in the systemic circulation of rainbow trout acclimated to diets containing different protein sources, with and without supplementation with free amino acids, were monitored for up to 120 hours after consumption of the diets. Plasma concentrations of lysine, methionine, and isoleucine increased more rapidly after feeding a diet supplemented with these amino acids in free form and, depending upon the increase in plasma concentration, remained at concentrations above those in fish fed the basal diet for at least 24h after feeding. Dietary supplementation with isoleucine increased plasma concentrations of leucine and valine as well as of isoleucine. Maximum plasma concentrations for most amino acids were attained between 12 and 24h postprandial. Dietary inclusion of gelatin caused more rapid elevations in plasma glycine and serine than did free glycine. Feeding at three hour intervals resulted in stable plasma concentrations of individual amino acids in contrast to the fluctuations occurring when fish were fed once daily. Frequent feeding favoured a higher proportion of protein to lipid in body composition.  相似文献   

Pleistophora infestation in fathead minnows, Pimephales promelas (Rafinesque)     

Ruehl-Fehlert C  Bomke C  Dorgerloh M  Palazzi X  Rosenbruch M 《Journal of fish diseases》2005,28(11):629-637

Pleistophora infestation was observed in adult fathead minnows, Pimephales promelas, held under laboratory conditions. Fish were clinically healthy, and presented no gross findings at necropsy. Histopathology revealed parasitic stages only in the ovaries. Spores within sporophorous vesicles were mainly encountered in late vitellogenic oocytes and were ultrastructurally identified as a microsporidian parasite. Heavily parasitized oocytes underwent degeneration followed by the release of spores into the ovarian interstitium. Degenerating oocytes and interstitial spores caused ovarian inflammation. Male fish showed no parasites in the testes. Parasitic infestation was compared with body length, body weight, gonadal weight, gonadosomatic index and plasma vitellogenin levels, and revealed no statistically significant differences between non-parasitized and parasitized females. The isolated holding conditions of the fish and the presence of parasitic stages in the ovaries suggested that an infestation with Pleistophora ovariaeSummerfelt, 1964 was more probable than that with Pleistophora mirandellae (Vaney & Conte, 1901).  相似文献   

Ubiquitous increase in taurine transporter mRNA in tissues of tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) during high-salinity adaptation     

K. Takeuchi  H. Toyohara  M. Kinoshita  M. Sakaguchi 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2000,23(2):173-182

We have isolated a cDNA encoding the taurine transporter from a tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) gill cDNA library. Transient expression of the cDNA in COS-7 cell indicates that the clone encodes a Na⁺- and Cl^–-dependent and -amino acid-specific taurine transporter. By the transfer of tilapia cultured in freshwater to 70% artificial seawater, plasma osmolality increased by up to 100–135 mOsm/kgH₂O along with the marked increase in the taurine transporter mRNA level in all the tissues examined i.e., kidney, stomach, intestine, gill, eye, liver, fin, muscle and brain. In most tissues, time-dependent change in the taurine transporter mRNA level corresponds to that in plasma osmolality. However, fin showed an acute and muscle showed a delayed increase in taurine transporter mRNA compared to changes in plasma osmolality. The taurine transporter mRNA level in tilapia embryos also increased after transfer from freshwater to 100% artificial seawater. Increase in taurine transporter expression leads to the activation of cellular uptake of taurine from plasma and the accumulation of taurine in the cell. Thus the results in the present study suggest that taurine plays an important role as an osmolyte in the ubiquitous tissues of tilapia during high-salinity adaptation.  相似文献   

Discrimination of the natal origin of young-of-the-year Allis shad (Alosa alosa) in the Garonne–Dordogne basin (south-west France) using otolith chemistry     

J. Tomás  S. Augagneur  E. Rochard 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2005,14(2):185-190

Abstract –  The otolith composition of age 0+ Allis shad ( Alosa alosa ) captured in two rivers in the Gironde system in south-west France, the Dordogne and the Garonne, was analysed to establish the natal origin of the fish. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry analyses were used to take measurements of 15 isotopes, among which Co, Fe, Sr and Rb were the most important elements in the discrimination process. It was possible to reclassify each sampled fish into its natal river basin (Garonne or Dordogne) with a high degree of accuracy. Linear discriminant analysis correctly reclassified 91.1% of the Garonne samples and 87.8% of the Dordogne samples (mean success in reclassification in 20 runs ± 1 SD: 89.21 ± 8.6%). Artificial neural networks correctly reclassified 90.1% of the Garonne samples and 81.2% of the Dordogne samples (mean success in reclassification after 1000 training cycles ±1 SD: 85.6 ± 9.1%). Using these tools the present results show that it is possible to assign a natal origin to juvenile shad that hatched in the Dordogne–Garonne basin based on the trace elements in the otolith.  相似文献   

气调包装协同低温等离子体杀菌对狮子头保鲜效果的影响     

郭依萍  李冉  叶可萍  李仲情  陈永芳  张园园 《核农学报》2022,36(9):1815-1825

为探究气调包装协同低温等离子体处理对狮子头品质及货架期的影响,本研究设置对照组(普通彩袋包装)、气调包装组(40%CO₂+60%N₂)以及气调包装协同不同处理时间的低温等离子体组(MAP-3 min、MAP-6 min、MAP-9 min),通过菌落总数、挥发性盐基氮(TVB-N)、硫代巴比妥酸反应物(TBARS)、感官评定及挥发性有机化合物等指标综合评价狮子头的贮藏品质。结果表明,气调包装协同低温等离子体处理使狮子头的初始微生物数量降低0.70~1.56 log CFU·g^-1,能有效减缓狮子头贮藏过程中TVB-N值的增加及脂质氧化。经低温等离子体处理后的新鲜狮子头中庚醇、1-己醇、1-丙醇、2-癸酮及壬酸等挥发性有机化合物增加。2-己酮、2-丁酮、苯乙烯、2-甲基吡嗪及八甲基三硅氧烷等挥发性有机化合物可能是狮子头腐败气味的主要成分。与对照组及其他处理组相比,MAP-6 min和MAP-9 min处理均可将狮子头货架期延长7 d,MAP-6 min和MAP-9 min 2组狮子头在贮藏7 d后微生物及TVB-N、TBARS等品质指标无显著差异。综合各项指标及能源成本,40%CO₂+60%N₂气调包装协同低温等离子体处理6 min可以在显著抑制微生物生长的同时保持狮子头的品质,将产品货架期延长至14 d。本研究结果为中式调理类肉丸制品新型保鲜技术的发展提供了理论参考。  相似文献   

硒源和硒水平对种公羊血清和精清抗氧化能力的影响     

任有蛇  白元生  刘晓妮  焦光月  刘文忠  石磊  赵俊星  吕丽华  张建新 《山西农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2014,34(5):411-417

为研究硒源和硒水平对血清和精清抗氧化酶活性的影响,选择年龄、体重相近、健康的黎城大青羊成年种公羊42只,随机分为7组。分别喂以基础日粮、基础日粮+0.5、1.0、2.0mg·kg-1 DM的酵母硒;基础日粮+0.5、1.0、2.0mg·kg-1 DM的亚硒酸钠,饲喂期60d,试验第60d采集血液和精液样品,测定其抗氧化能力。结果显示,日粮添加硒极显著提高种公羊血清GPxs活性、血清和精清T-AOC含量,显著提高血清、精清SOD和精清GPxs活性;极显著降低血清、显著降低精清中OH-的含量,改善机体的抗氧化能力。硒水平与血清和精清中GPxs、SOD活性、T-AOC和OH-的含量有剂量——效应关系。与1.0mg·kg-1组和0.5mg·kg-1组相比,2.0mg·kg-1组血清、精清中OH-的含量升高,血清GPxs活性下降,精清SOD活性和T-AOC含量下降;日粮硒浓度相同时,其血清GPxs活性高于精清4~10倍,而精清SOD活性高于血清约20倍。成年种公羊日粮中硒的适宜添加量为0.5~1.0mg·kg-1酵母硒或0.5mg·kg-1亚硒酸钠。血清和精清中抗氧化系统存在差异。  相似文献   

具有抗氧化活性的猪血浆蛋白酶解产物的制备及理化特性   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

周亚迪  汪之颖  姚旻晶  范鸿冰  洪惠  罗永康 《中国农业大学学报》2014,19(2):150-155

为系统考察酶解时间、酶种类和酶加入的顺序对猪血浆蛋白酶解产物抗氧化性的影响,采用风味蛋白酶、碱性蛋白酶及双酶(风味蛋白酶,碱性蛋白酶不同的加入顺序)在各自最适条件下对猪血浆蛋白进行酶解,并研究酶解产物的功能特性。结果表明:0~120min内,随着酶解时间的延长,水解度升高,各酶解产物的抗氧化性均有所增强;60~180min内,双酶酶解产物的清除DPPH自由基的能力、亚铁离子螯合能力和还原力显著高于单酶酶解产物(P0.05);90~150min内,先加碱性蛋白酶后加入风味蛋白酶酶解的酶解产物的水解度、清除DPPH自由基能力和还原力显著高于先加风味蛋白酶酶解后加入碱性蛋白酶酶解的酶解产物(P0.05);具有较高抗氧化性的酶解产物在不同pH条件下均有较好的溶解性和热稳定性;溶解性均在90%以上。  相似文献   

Osmoregulation in juvenile Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii)     

A. Rodríguez  M.A. Gallardo  E. Gisbert  S. Santilari  A. Ibarz  J. Sánchez  F. Castelló-Orvay 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2002,26(4):345-354

The osmoregulation capabilities of juvenile Siberian sturgeon exposed to three experimental osmolalities (22, 250 and 387 mOsmol kg⁻¹) were studied over a 45-day period. Growth performance, haematological parameters, ion concentrations, gill and spiral valve Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase activities, as well as gill and spiral valve histology, were measured. At the end of the period, the plasma osmolality of fish kept in 250 and 387 mOsmol kg⁻¹ was higher than that of fish kept in 22 mOsmol kg⁻¹. Similar trends were observed in electrolyte concentrations. Spiral valve and gill Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase activity varied with exposure time and environmental salinity. Shortly after being transferred to hyperosmotic media, spiral valve Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase activity fell, while gill Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase activity remained constant. At the end of the experiment, gill Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase activities in fish kept in isosmotic and hyperosmotic media had increased in comparison to those of the control fish. Moreover, spiral valve Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase activities recovered and were similar to those recorded in fish kept in hyposmotic environments. Although some of the morpho-physiological mechanisms were operational in juvenile Siberian sturgeon in their adaptation to hyperosmotic media, fish cannot be considered hyperosmotic regulators as they were unable to maintain their plasma osmolality and electrolyte equilibrium in salinities higher than 250 mOsmol kg⁻¹. This suggests that the culture of juvenile Siberian sturgeon in brackish environments is unlikely to be successful. However, our data indicate that in natural environments, juvenile Siberian sturgeon in migratory populations (Ob and Lena Rivers) would be able to migrate successfully into estuarine brackish grounds with a salinity of up to 9%. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Effects of ambient ion concentrations on gill ATPases in fresh water eel,Anguilla anguilla     

N. Mayer-Gostan  R. Naon 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1992,10(1):75-89

Branchial activities of Na⁺,K⁺-ATPase (ouabain sensitive), Mg²⁺ ATPase (ouabain insensitive) and kinetic analysis of high and low affinity Ca²⁺ ATPase were measured inAnguilla anguilla that had been acclimated to demineralized water (DW, Ca < 10 M), freshwater (FW, Ca = 2 mM), and Low calcium freshwater (L-Ca, Ca = 0.9 mM). Na⁺,K⁺-ATPase activity decreased while ouabain insensitive activity increased when ambient Ca²⁺ decreased. Two kinetic forms of Ca²⁺ ATPase could be resolved in each environmental condition. The stimulation coefficients of both sites or enzymes were not affected by ambient Ca²⁺ concentrations. The maximal velocity of both the high and the low affinity Ca²⁺ ATPase was increased when external Ca²⁺ was decreased during acclimation. The low affinity Ca²⁺ ATPase and the Mg²⁺ stimulated enzyme could be a non specific enzyme accepting either Ca²⁺ or Mg²⁺. Results are compared with previous results in the literature and in relation to the branchial morphology and ionic exchanges in fish.  相似文献