Soil quality assessment in semiarid rangeland in Iran   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

S.A. Rezaei  R.J. Gilkes  S.S. Andrews  H. Arzani 《Soil Use and Management》2005,21(4):402-409

Abstract. We examined the use of soil quality (SQ) assessment to predict soil productivity and stability as a component of site potential for rangelands. Two minimum sets of data were compared for the SQ assessment within an area of relatively uniform climate. Data set 1 consisted of total soil N, topsoil depth, effective profile depth (EPD), and grade of structure, thus incorporating only soil chemical and physical properties. Data set 2 included exchangeable soil potassium, EPD, soil water retention capacity at wilting point, a soil slake test, and a nutrient cycling index. The interrelationships between soil properties and plant growth characteristics (i.e. total and herbage yield) were investigated and interpreted by statistical analysis and expert knowledge. By performing multiple regressions for each data set against the plant growth characteristics, we identified the contribution of each data set variable to the variability in plant characteristics and, thus, the predictive potential of each variable and data set. Within data set 1, EPD was important and in data set 2 the nutrient cycling index, which is a landscape function index derived from soil surface attributes, played the most important role in predicting potential. Principal component analysis was used to provide weighting factors for each indicator. We then transformed and combined observed indicator values for each data set using weighting factors and scoring functions into an additive soil quality index (SQI) varying in value from 0 to 1. The SQIs, with values greater than 0.8, provide optimum conditions for high yield.  相似文献   

Exploring the spatial relations between cereal yield and soil chemical properties and the implications for sampling   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Z.L. Frogbrook  M.A. Oliver  M. Salahi  R.H. Ellis 《Soil Use and Management》2002,18(1):1-9

Abstract. In general, agricultural management has focused on differences between fields or on the gross differences within them. Recent developments in agricultural technology, yield mapping, Global Positioning Systems and variable rate applications, have made it possible to consider managing the considerable variation in soil and other properties within fields. This system is known as precision agriculture. More precise management of fields depends on a better understanding of the factors that affect crop input decisions. This paper examines the spatial variation in crop yield, soil nutrient status and soil pH within two agricultural fields using geostatistics. The observed properties vary considerably within each field. The relation between yield and the measured soil properties appears to be weak in general. However, the range of spatial correlation for yield, shown by the variogram, is similar to that of the soil chemical properties. In addition the latter changed little over two years. This suggests that information on the scale of variation of soil chemical properties can be derived from yield maps, which can also be used as a guide to a suitable sampling interval for soil properties.  相似文献   

A subsoil compaction database: its development, structure and content     

A. Trautner  J. J. H. van den Akker  H. Fleige  J. Arvidsson  R. Horn 《Soil & Tillage Research》2003,73(1-2):9-13

A database which holds results of field and laboratory experiments on the impact of subsoil compaction on physical and mechanical soil parameters and on crop yields and environmental impact is being developed within the EU sponsored concerted action (CA) project “Experiences with the impact of subsoil compaction on soil, crop growth and environment and ways to prevent subsoil compaction”. The database accumulates and can provide all available data from the participants of the European Union countries, and is compatible with the European Soil Database and other related databases.

More than 600 sets of data (Excel workbooks) from participants from the European Union, plus Poland, Switzerland and Norway are included in the database. Through a similar EU sponsored CA, Eastern European countries are expected to deliver 260 sets of data thus bringing the total number of Excel workbooks to approximately 860. In total, the database will contain approximately 13,500 data spreadsheets.

The objective of the database is to collect data on subsoil compaction, to store it in a structured format and to make it available for analysis and use. Thereby it will enable elucidation of the impact of subsoil compaction on soil properties, crop yields and environment and evaluate the vulnerability of soils to compaction.  相似文献   

新修梯田对土壤理化性质及作物产量的影响   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

刘绪军  刘丙友  景国臣  陈棣  周艳明 《水土保持研究》2007,14(1):276-277,280

通过对新修梯田不同部位土壤理化性质研究，发现切土和填土部位有显著差异，对作物产量产生很大的影响。填土部位物理性质好，养分含量高，作物产量高，但保墒能力差；切土部位物理性质较差，底土非常黏重，养分贫乏，造成作物的减产。建议在修筑水平梯田时针对两部位的差异采取措施，以充分发挥梯田的效益。  相似文献   

Burrow building in seabird colonies: a soil-forming process in island ecosystems   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Wesley J. Bancroft  Mark J. Garkaklis  J. Dale Roberts 《Pedobiologia》2005,49(2):149-165

Soil modification via biopedturbation by burrow-building seabirds was examined in a Mediterranean, island ecosystem. Physical and chemical soil properties were compared between a colony of Wedge-tailed Shearwaters (Puffinus pacificus) and adjacent heath across a 14-month period. When compared to heath soil, the biopedturbated soil was 28% drier (6.04±5.40 vol%), had increased bulk density (by 29% to 1.30±0.11 g cm⁻³, 51% porosity), wetting capacity (by 83% to 0.55±0.83 molarity of ethanol droplet), hydraulic conductivity (by 266% to 398.91±252.04 mm h⁻¹), and a greater range in soil surface temperature (31.7±6.2 °C diurnally to 18.3±3.2 °C nocturnally). Soil penetration resistance was reduced by 26% at a depth of 0–100 mm (326.5±122.4 kPa) and by 55% at 500–600 mm (1116.8±465.0 kPa). Colony soil also had increased levels of nitrate (by 470%), phosphorous (118%), ammonium (102%), sulphur (69%), and potassium (34%), decreased levels of iron (by 50%) and organic carbon (61%), was more alkaline, and had a 78% greater conductivity. Shearwaters deposited guano at a rate of 234.4 kg ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ (dry mass). Chemical analysis of guano equated this to 50.9, 5.7, 5.5, and 3.6 kg ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ of nitrogen, potassium, sulphur, and phosphorous, respectively. Experimentally constructed burrows demonstrated that digging alone can alter physical and chemical soil factors, but that changes in the nutrient profile of colony soils are predominantly guano-driven. We argue that the physical impact of seabirds on soil should not be overlooked as a soil-forming and ecosystem-shaping factor in island ecosystems, and that biopedturbation can exert major bottom-up influences on insular plant and animal communities.  相似文献   

不同深耕时间对滨海盐碱棉田土壤理化性质及棉苗光合特性的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

冯国艺  张谦  祁虹  杜海英  王树林  李智峰  梁青龙  王燕  林永增 《河南农业科学》2015,44(2):34-38

为探讨不同深耕时间对土壤理化性质及棉苗光合生产的影响,于冬前(T1)、开春(T2)、播前(T3)对滨海重度盐碱棉田进行深耕,测定棉花苗期叶面积指数(LAI)、光合特性、叶绿素含量(SPAD)以及干物质积累和分配情况,并对0~40 cm土层土壤含盐量、含水率和容重进行分层测定。结果表明,与T0(免耕直播)处理相比,T1处理各土层含盐量和含水率无明显变化,容重下降4.0%~9.1%,棉苗叶片SPAD、LAI以及根冠比增大8.0%~29.4%,光合参数增大4.1%~14.8%,棉苗总干质量增大9.8%;T2处理各土层含盐量降低47.2%~50.9%,10~40 cm土层含水率无显著变化,容重下降9.6%~18.2%,棉苗叶片SPAD、LAI以及根冠比增大23.6%~56.0%,光合参数增大14.2%~49.4%,棉苗总干质量增大45.6%;T3处理各土层含盐量增加14.5%~57.7%,含水率降低2.4%~8.7%,容重下降18.5%~25.4%,叶片SPAD和LAI分别降低13.0%和24.0%,光合参数降低21.4%~64.6%,棉苗总干质量降低21.9%。可见,开春深耕(T2处理)可有效改良滨海盐碱土壤,更有利于棉苗光合特性提高及其正常生长发育。  相似文献   

中山市不同土地利用方式下土壤肥力特性的剖面分布特征   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

谈近强  刘红宜  卢瑛 《广东农业科学》2015,42(6):40-44

了解不同利用方式下土壤肥力状况,揭示影响土壤肥力的障碍因子,对区域土壤资源管理及合理施肥具有重要意义.调查了中山市不同土地利用类型(水田、菜地、林地)土壤,测定了不同发生层次土壤的颗粒组成、pH值、有机质、氮、磷、钾、阳离子交换量等特性,分析了土壤肥力特性的剖面特征,评价了耕层(表层)土壤肥力状况.结果表明:供试的水田、菜地土壤黏粒、粉粒含量高,林地土壤以砂粒、黏粒为主,土壤颗粒组成与成土母质类别密切相关.菜地、水田土壤耕层呈现酸化特征,具有含硫层的土壤酸性极强.林地土壤CEC最低,水田和菜地土壤CEC较高,人为管理和成土母质类型影响土壤CEC.土壤有机质、氮、磷含量随土层深度的增加而降低,菜地耕层土壤有效磷极为丰富,林地土壤碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量最低.土地利用方式深刻影响耕层(表层)土壤有机质、氮、磷的积累,钾含量主要受成土母质的影响.针对中山市土壤肥力特性,提出了合理管理土壤的建议.  相似文献   

吉林延龄草营养器官解剖结构和光合生理特性对环境适应性研究     

邵财  刘继永  张浩  王振兴 《东北农业大学学报》2015,46(5)

采用解剖显微观察和光合仪测定等方法研究吉林延龄草根、茎、叶营养器官的解剖结构及光合生理特性,揭示其形态解剖结构、光合特性与环境适应性的关系,为吉林延龄草保护及驯化栽培提供理论基础和科学依据。结果表明,吉林延龄草只具有初生构造的根、茎及维管组织中没有形成层,初生木质部导管数量少,输导组织不发达;叶片表皮无表皮毛,表皮细胞凸凹不平;叶肉细胞由海绵薄壁细胞组成,排列疏松,细胞之间存在较大间隙;叶片上表皮无气孔,气孔分布在叶下表面,气孔密度为18.69个·mm-2,气孔表现"外凸"特征。叶片叶绿素a/b比值为1.90;其具有较低光补偿点(LCP)和光饱和点(LSP),分别是1.23和415μmol·m-2·s-1,在光饱和点可达最大净光合速率为4.44μmol·m-2·s-1。研究表明,吉林延龄草在形态结构、光合生理特性上具有明显适应阴生潮湿环境特征,是典型的阴生植物。  相似文献   

魔芋葡甘露聚糖及其衍生物在食品工业中的应用     

赵培城  张晶晶  周绪霞  丁玉庭  刘建华 《核农学报》2015,29(1):101-105

魔芋葡甘露聚糖作为一种传统的食品原料和食品添加剂,近年来在食品领域的应用研究日益引人注目。魔芋葡甘露聚糖是一种中性多糖,是魔芋的主要功能活性成分。魔芋葡甘露聚糖及其衍生物具有较好的凝胶性、增稠性、成膜性等功能特性,在食品工业中具有很高的研究开发和实际应用价值。本文综述了魔芋葡甘露聚糖及其衍生物的主要功能特性及其在食品工业中的应用,将为充分利用我国魔芋资源、提高其产品附加值开辟广阔的发展空间。  相似文献   

基于J2EE农产品电子商务平台的设计     

洪颖 《湖北农业科学》2015,54(1):192-195

针对当前电子商务模式的应用优势和农业信息化的需求,采用J2EE技术基于组件的方法设计和实现了农产品电子商务平台。由于采用了J2EE多层架构技术,该系统不但具有良好的可移植性和可扩展性,也具有较高的可靠性。  相似文献