一株狂犬病病毒街毒株的分离鉴定与组织培养     

徐振波  潘铁骊  张守峰  张洋  徐慧娟  王燕  扈荣良 《中国动物检疫》2008,25(9):22-24

对来自河北省无极县某地区疑似狂犬病病犬脑组织进行FAT、电镜观察、RT-PCR扩增,以及MIT法等确诊为狂犬病,对分离到的这株狂犬病街毒命名为WJ07-1,分析N蛋白和G蛋白序列,主要抗原位点发生轻度变异,同源性分析发现N基因与ZhejiangWz(H)株同源性最高为99.0%,G基因与JSL27株同源性最高为99.4%。对分离到的狂犬病病毒进行组织培养发现这株狂犬病病毒街毒株对细胞的适应性和感染性很弱,需要进行多次传代培养,才可以适应N2a、BHK-21细胞。  相似文献   

Knowledge of Rabies Prevention in Vietnamese Public Health and Animal Health Workers          下载免费PDF全文

K. A. T. Nguyen  H. T. T. Nguyen  T. N. Pham  K. D. Van  T. V. Hoang  B. Olowokure 《Zoonoses and public health》2016,63(7):522-528

Rabies is an invariably fatal, but preventable zoonotic disease. Despite a national programme for its prevention and control, the number of rabies associated deaths in Vietnam has increased in recent years. A cross‐sectional survey was undertaken in 2012 to assess and compare the knowledge, awareness and practices of 189 public health workers (PHW) and animal health workers (AHW) attending a joint training course for professionals from provinces in northern Vietnam with the highest number of deaths from rabies. Questionnaires facilitating self‐evaluation were provided, and total knowledge scores were calculated (maximum 38 points) and categorized into: ‘high’ (>30 points), ‘moderate’ (21–30) and ‘low’ (<21). The response rate was 100%, and among the 189 participants, 56% were PHW compared to 44% who were AHW. Although most respondents knew rabies could be transmitted through the bite of an animal, most commonly a dog, and that rabies is a preventable disease, significant differences between groups were identified. Major areas included poor knowledge of common rabies reservoirs, wound management and guidance on post‐exposure prophylaxis. Overall, the total mean knowledge scores for PHW was significantly higher (P = 0.011) compared to those for AHW, but both scores fell within the ‘moderate’ knowledge range. However, proportionately more PHW than AHW achieved ‘high’ knowledge scores (P = 0.0098). To our knowledge this is the first published study to simultaneously assess the knowledge and awareness of animal health and public health professionals attending joint training activities aimed at strengthening rabies prevention and control. To ensure effective prevention and control of rabies requires that AHW and PHW not only coordinate and collaborate, but have a common knowledge and understanding of rabies prevention and control measures. This study provides important baseline data in a relatively unexplored area of research that can focus future interventions and research.  相似文献   

CDV-N重组狂犬病病毒的毒力及其免疫原性测定     

文兆海  周海滢  翟少华  陈凯云  胡远  简子健 《动物医学进展》2019,(4):21-27

为了探究CDV-N重组狂犬病病毒的毒力及对小鼠的免疫效果,将CDV-N重组狂犬病病毒于BSR细胞上扩毒培养、浓缩后测定其FFD₅₀及LD₅₀;将浓缩后的重组病毒液与复合佐剂按一定比例混匀,按不同免疫剂量、不同免疫方式分组免疫接种小鼠,利用ELISA试剂盒对狂犬病、犬瘟热的特异性抗体进行定性/定量检测。结果显示,重组病毒浓缩后的FFD₅₀值为7.85logFFD₅₀/0.1 mL,LD₅₀值为7.67logLD₅₀/0.03mL;免疫接种后第14天抗体阳性率达100%,小鼠血清中的特异性抗体IgG水平随着免疫剂量的递增而递增。试验结果可为CDV-N重组狂犬病病毒制备口服弱毒疫苗的进一步研究提供试验数据。  相似文献   

Lleida Bat Lyssavirus isolation in Miniopterus schreibersii in France     

Evelyne Picard‐Meyer  Veronique Beven  Edouard Hirchaud  Cdric Guillaume  Grald Larcher  Emmanuelle Robardet  Alexandre Servat  Yannick Blanchard  Florence Cliquet 《Zoonoses and public health》2019,66(2):254-258

Bat rabies cases are attributed in Europe to five different Lyssavirus species of 16 recognized Lyssavirus species causing rabies. One of the most genetically divergent Lyssavirus spp. has been detected in a dead Miniopterus schreibersii bat in France. Brain samples were found positive for the presence of antigen, infectious virus and viral RNA by classical virological methods and molecular methods respectively. The complete genome sequence was determined by next‐generation sequencing. The analysis of the complete genome sequence confirmed the presence of Lleida bat lyssavirus (LLEBV) in bats in France with 99.7% of nucleotide identity with the Spanish LLEBV strain (KY006983).  相似文献   

Evaluating the contact rate between companion dogs during dog walking and the practices towards potential cases of rabies among dog owners in Japan     

Nigel C. L. Kwan  Mai Inoue  Akio Yamada  Katsuaki Sugiura 《Zoonoses and public health》2019,66(4):393-400

This study aimed to examine the habits of dog walking in Japan using an internet survey of insured dog owners. About 96.4% of the respondents (n = 1,151) reported that they would take their dogs for a walk and they most frequently walk their dogs once or twice a day (75.9%) for 30 min to 1 hr (83.1%). The probability of a companion dog having contact with other dogs during dog walking was estimated to be 0.83 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.81–0.85), and the associated daily contact rate was estimated using log‐normal distribution with a mean of 2.73 (95% CI: 2.42–3.11) and a standard deviation (SD) of 6.39 (95% CI: 5.18–7.84). Multiple linear regression revealed that the contact rate is mainly influenced by the social behaviour of the owner and to a lesser degree by his/her demographic characteristics including the area of residence, the breed size of dog and the age of the owner. In addition, ten Likert items measured on a 5‐point scale were designed to assess the practices towards potential cases of rabies among dog owners. The respondents (n = 972) achieved a mean score of 2.99 (out of a full score of 4) with a SD of 0.90 in responding to situations related to dog bite incidents and injury from stray cat scratches during dog walking. They achieved a higher score in responding to situations related to sighting a stray or wild animal during dog walking and situations related to non‐specific clinical signs of rabies and bite injuries from stray dogs or wild animals during dog walking with a mean of 3.70 (SD = 0.58) and 3.84 (SD = 0.34), respectively. The level of best practice was also proved to be significantly associated with the demographic characteristics of the dog owner.  相似文献   

Challenges to human rabies elimination highlighted following a rabies outbreak in bovines and a human in Punjab,India     

Victoria J. Brookes  Gurlal S. Gill  Balbir B. Singh  Bhupinder S. Sandhu  Navneet K. Dhand  Rabinder S. Aulakh  Michael P. Ward 《Zoonoses and public health》2019,66(3):325-336

In August 2015, a rabies outbreak occurred in bovines in a Punjab village, India; subsequently, a farmer in the same village died of rabies in October 2015. We surveyed farmers to describe the outbreak, the demographics and rabies prophylaxis administered to householders on case farms, and farmers’ knowledge of rabies prevention and treatment. We used multiple correspondence analysis to guide investigation of associations between demographics, farm status and rabies knowledge, attitudes and practices. The number of affected bovines was unusually high; 15 cattle and buffalo died on 13 smallholder farms (attack rate 4%). Post‐exposure vaccinations were administered to 24 people (median 2 doses). Affected farms had significantly larger households and were more likely to keep their livestock outside (therefore, accessible by stray dogs), suggesting that the impact of the outbreak was disproportionally borne by households of lower socio‐economic status. Primary sources of rabies information were friends and neighbours, not health authorities or media. Women who had not received formal education were less likely to have heard of rabies. Although case farm participants were more likely to have heard about rabies from a veterinarian, their knowledge and practices to prevent rabies did not reflect the level expected considering their contact with a health professional; they were more likely to believe that traditional remedies prevent rabies and less likely to tell their children to avoid playing with stray dogs than participants from other farms. This study highlights knowledge dissemination disparities that, if typical of rural locations, could obstruct attempts to eliminate canine‐mediated human rabies in India. Therefore, understanding the pervasiveness and influence of traditional medical beliefs on treatment‐seeking behaviour, communication structures within villages and the impact of local practices such as carcass disposal on dog populations will be essential to ensure that rabies control strategies are effective in rural India.  相似文献   

Rabies risk and use of post‐exposure prophylaxis associated with dog bites in Tennessee          下载免费PDF全文

H. Henderson  L. R. Carpenter  J. R. Dunn 《Zoonoses and public health》2018,65(4):425-430

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Zoonotic disease transmission associated with feral cats in a metropolitan area: A geospatial analysis          下载免费PDF全文

S. J. Taetzsch  A. S. Bertke  K. R. Gruszynski 《Zoonoses and public health》2018,65(4):412-419

Feral cats raise public health concerns due to their large population numbers and ability to harbour pathogens that cause disease in people, pets, and wildlife. Information regarding the potential for feral cats to intersect with areas frequented by humans is lacking. This study examined the potential for feral cats and human territories to overlap in the Richmond metropolitan area of Central Virginia. Feral cats (n = 275) were trapped for monthly trap‐neuter‐release (TNR) clinics from July to November 2016. A geographic information system (GIS) was used to map feral cat trapping locations, elementary and preschools, public parks, and community gardens, and to evaluate the potential for cat interaction with these areas, presuming a maximum habitat radius of 0.44 miles. We found that 8.0% of feral cats in the Richmond metropolitan area had potential to range onto public elementary or preschool property, and 81.5% of feral cats trapped in Richmond City had potential to roam into one or more places of interest, including elementary and preschool grounds, public parks, and community gardens. This provides public health, veterinary, and human health professionals with important information that can be used to focus resources in an effort to reduce zoonosis associated with feral cat populations.  相似文献   

Re‐emergence of rabies virus maintained by canid populations in Paraguay          下载免费PDF全文

A. C. F. Amarilla  J. C. A. Pompei  D. B. Araujo  F. A. Vázquez  R. R. Galeano  L. M. Delgado  G. Bogado  M. Colman  L. Sanabria  K. Iamamoto  R. Garcia  D. Assis  R. Recalde  L. F. Martorelli  E. Quiñones  A. Cabello  M. Martini  O. Cosivi  E. L. Durigon  S. R. Favoretto 《Zoonoses and public health》2018,65(1):222-226

Paraguay has registered no human cases of rabies since 2004, and the last case in dogs, reported in 2009, was due to a variant maintained in the common vampire bat “Desmodus rotundus”. In 2014, a dog was diagnosed as positive for rabies with aggression towards a boy and all required measures of control were successfully adopted. Epidemiological investigation revealed that the dog was not vaccinated and had been attacked by a crab‐eating fox, “zorro” (Cerdocyon thous). The sample was diagnosed by the Official Veterinary Service of the Country and sent to the Center on Rabies Research from the University of São Paulo, Brazil, for antigenic and genetic characterization. A second sample from a dog positive for rabies in the same region in 2015 and 11 samples from a rabies outbreak from Asuncion in 1996 were also characterized. The antigenic profile of the samples, AgV2, was compatible with one of the variants maintained by dogs in Latin America. In genetic characterization, the samples segregated in the canine (domestic and wild species)‐related group in an independent subgroup that also included samples from Argentina. These results and the epidemiology of the case indicate that even with the control of rabies in domestic animals, the virus can still circulate in wildlife and may be transmitted to domestic animals and humans, demonstrating the importance of continuous and improved surveillance and control of rabies, including in wild species, to prevent outbreaks in controlled areas.  相似文献   

广西狂犬病病毒L基因聚合酶活性部位的多态性分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陆专灵  尹伟力  宋宏立  甘浪帆  张红云  邓先明  梁燕  罗廷荣 《广西农业科学》2008,39(3)

对广西流行狂犬病病毒的L基因聚合酶活性部位进行克隆和测序,并与国外固定毒株和类狂犬病毒株进行比较分析。结果显示,广西流行毒株之间的核苷酸和推定的氨基酸同源性较高,分别为88.7%~99.8%和96.5%~100%,与国外固定毒株的核苷酸和推定的氨基酸同源性分别为84.8%~87.5%和94.5%~99.0%,与类狂犬病病毒株的核苷酸和推定的氨基酸同源性分别为75.5%~79.2%和93.5%~97.0%;通过比较推定的氨基酸序列发现,第660位为广西Ⅱ群毒株的特异性变异I660V,第771位为广西Ⅰ群毒株的特异性变异S771A,第745位点广西毒株全部为精氨酸,而国外参考毒株为丝氨酸、亮氨酸或组氨酸;4个基序高度保守,基序A保持不变,基序B、C、D只有少数氨基酸发生变异,基序C中的核心序列GDNQ在各毒株中都不变。  相似文献