狂犬病研究进展   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

李泽盛  刘爱林  谭荣荣  任伟  周向梅  尹晓敏  杨建民  杨利峰  张振山  赵德明 《中国畜牧兽医》2010,37(7):189-191

狂犬病是一种急性致死性脑炎疾病。狂犬病病毒(rabies virus)是一种嗜神经性病毒,属于弹状病毒科(Rhabdovi-ridae)狂犬病病毒属(Lyssavirus)。多种野生动物和家畜等可以发生狂犬病病毒的自然感染与传播,并且可以通过咬伤、抓伤或密切接触等形式感染人类而引起狂犬病。在全球范围内,每年约有60000人不幸死于狂犬病,而这些事件大部分发生在亚洲和非洲。狂犬病是人畜共患的自然疫原性传染病,目前尚无有效的治疗方法,一旦发病,死亡率近乎100%,预防狂犬病的发生尤其重要,狂犬病基本上是可以通过暴露后的预防进行阻止的。  相似文献   

多价荧光抗体监测外源病毒污染的研究   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

邵振华  田海燕 《中国兽药杂志》1997,31(2):1-6,T001

用猪瘟病毒（ＨＣＶ）、猪细小病毒（ＰＰＶ），牛病毒性腹泻／粘膜病病毒（ＢＶＤ／ＭＤＶ），伪狂犬病病毒（ＰｒＶ），兰舌病病毒（ＢｔＶ），羊口疮病毒（ＯＶ）等六种病毒，多次同时或先后强化免疫猪，制取六价高免血清；用狂犬病病毒（ＲＶ）免疫兔，制取ＲＶ单价高免血清，分别用异硫氰酸荧光素（ＦＩＴＣ）标记制成荧光抗体（ＦＡ），并按二者最佳染色价配制成七价（多价）ＦＡ。由于各病毒在其宿主细胞中复制部位和与宿主细  相似文献   

A Descriptive Study of Urban Rabies during the Civil War in Sierra Leone: 1995–2001     

Hatch C  Sneddon J  Jalloh G 《Tropical animal health and production》2004,36(4):321-334

A study was conducted to assess the effects of the breakdown in internal infrastructure on the incidence of canine-transmitted human rabies in urban areas of Sierra Leone during the course of the civil war between 1995 and 2001. Data from provincial hospitals in the Western Area and Southern Province indicated that there was a significant increase in the incidence of canine-transmitted urban human rabies chi2 = 39.63, p < 0.0001, particularly among children chi2 = 23.73, p < 0.0001, over the course of the war. In the Western Area in 2001, towards the end of the war, there was a significant increase in adult cases, which was reflected in the observed versus the expected chi2 ratio (70 versus 53). Interview-based questionnaire surveys in Freetown administered between 2001 and 2002 indicated that dogs were commonly kept for security reasons, and were largely unrestrained and unlicensed, regardless of the socioeconomic status of the owner. Virtually all dogs were unvaccinated and were mainly living in close proximity with humans. This study indicated that there is an urgent requirement for appropriate mass rabies vaccination campaigns for pet dogs and for campaigns to manipulate the urban habitat to control free-roaming and wandering but owned dog populations in Freetown and other urban areas in the provinces of Sierra Leone. Interview-based questionnaires administered in three districts of Freetown indicated a relatively high degree of uniformity in dog husbandry and veterinary care habits across a wide range of socioeconomic status categories in dog owners.  相似文献   

鹿狂犬病病毒G基因主要功能区的序列分析   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

钱爱东  殷震 《中国兽医学报》1997,17(3):209-214

通过反转录－聚合酶链反应（ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ）扩增出了中国鹿狂犬病野毒株（８２０２株）糖蛋白（Ｇ）基因膜外主要功能区的２个片段，共约８００个ｂｐ（３７０～１１７９），含有可以诱导中和抗体的２个抗原决定簇的基因片段和决定毒力及与神经细胞受体结合部位的基因片段。通过平端连接将２个片段克隆到ｐＵＣ１８的ＳｍａⅠ位点，采用Ｓａｎｇｅｒ双脱氧终止法测定ｃＤＮＡ片段的核苷酸序列，并推导出其氨基酸序列。将这一序列与国内外已发表的１１株狂犬病病毒的相应序列输入计算机进行比较分析，结果表明８２０２株主要功能区与上述１１个毒株核苷酸序列的同源性在７３．０％～９６．４％之间，氨基酸序列的同源性在８６．４％～９４．４％之间，８２０２株与中国疫苗株无论是核苷酸序列还是氨基酸序列的同源性均最高，而与中国街毒（ＣＤＸ－１）的核苷酸序列同源性最低，与ＣＶＳ株的氨基酸序列的同源性最低。本研究对于进行狂犬病病毒的分子流行病学调查和研制鹿狂犬病基因工程苗具有重要意义  相似文献   

Animal Health and Disease Control in the Usangu Wetland of Southwestern Tanzania     

Wilson RT 《Tropical animal health and production》2003,35(1):47-67

The Usangu Wetland in the Southern Highlands of Tanzania has always been a major livestock production area. This paper describes the physical and social enviroment of these Plains before presenting a short history of the veterinary services in the area. The main part of the paper examines, through historical records and interviews with livestock owners and administrative officials, the history of the major diseases affecting livestock.  相似文献   

The economic implications of sylvatic rabies eradication in Italy          下载免费PDF全文

S. Sartore  P. Mulatti  S. Trestini  M. Lorenzetto  L. Gagliazzo  S. Marangon  L. Bonfanti 《Zoonoses and public health》2018,65(1):147-157

After more than 10 years of absence, sylvatic rabies re‐appeared in Italy in 2008. To prevent disease spread, three oral rabies vaccination (ORV) campaigns targeting red foxes were performed through manual distribution of vaccine baits between January and September 2009. As these campaigns proved unsuccessful, at the end of December 2009, baits started being distributed using helicopters, allowing uniform coverage of larger areas in a shorter time period. From winter 2009 to autumn 2016, a total of 15 ORV campaigns (four emergency, four regular and seven preventive ORV) were implemented through aerial distribution of baits. In this study, we assessed the costs of the aerial ORV campaigns, which were aimed at eradicating the disease and reobtaining the rabies‐free status. Cumulative costs per km² were estimated at €59.45 during emergency campaigns and ranged between €51.94 and €65.67 in the regular vaccinations. The main portion of costs for ORV programmes were related to baits supply and distribution: €49.24 (82.83%) in emergency campaigns and from €40.33 to € 43.35 in regular ORVs (71.97% and 66.02%, respectively). At the end of each ORV campaign, the efficacy of vaccination activities was estimated by assessing the proportion of foxes testing positive for tetracycline biomarker in jawbone, indicating bait intake. Results revealed that the proportion of foxes that ingested baits varied between 70.97% and 95.51%. Statistical analysis indicated that reducing the density of dropped baits could potentially lead to a cost‐saving of 22.81%, still maintaining a satisfactory level of bait intake by the fox population.  相似文献   

Meeting the urgent need for rabies education in Haiti          下载免费PDF全文

M. O. V. Osinubi  N. Fenelon  J. L. Dyer  R. Franka  M. Etheart  A. Ali  M. Birhane  N. Phaimyr Jn Charles  A. Destine  N. Saleme  C. Newman  K. Crowdis  C. Lutfy  C. E. Rupprecht  R. M. Wallace  V. R. Johnson 《Zoonoses and public health》2018,65(6):662-668

The highest rate of human rabies deaths reported in the Americas is in Haiti, and most of these deaths result from rabies virus infections that occur after individuals are bitten by infected dogs and do not receive rabies post‐exposure prophylaxis. One barrier to rabies prevention in Haiti is a lack of knowledge about this disease among healthcare professionals and community members. During the past 4 years, The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has collaborated with public health officials and partners to develop, test and refine educational materials aimed at filling this need for rabies education. This report summarizes the use of feedback from knowledge, attitudes and practises surveys; key informant interviews; and focus groups to develop culturally appropriate rabies prevention materials for community members, health officials, clinicians, laboratory professionals, veterinary professionals, government officials and national and local district leaders about ways to prevent rabies. These formative research methods were critically important in ensuring that the materials would be culturally appropriate and would stand the greatest likelihood of motivating Haitians to protect themselves from rabies. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention is using lessons learned in Haiti to develop and test materials in other countries with high rates of canine rabies.  相似文献   

Challenges to controlling rabies in skunk populations using oral rabies vaccination: A review          下载免费PDF全文

A. Wohlers  E. W. Lankau  E. H. Oertli  J. Maki 《Zoonoses and public health》2018,65(4):373-385

Controlling rabies in skunk populations is an important public health concern in many parts of the United States due to the potential for skunk rabies outbreaks in urban centres and the possible role for skunks in raccoon rabies variant circulation. Oral rabies vaccination (ORV) programmes have supported wildlife rabies control efforts globally but using ORV to control rabies in skunk populations has proven more challenging than with other target species, like foxes, coyotes and raccoons. A review of published studies found that some ORV constructs are immunogenic in skunks and protect against virulent rabies virus challenges, especially when delivered by direct installation into the oral cavity. However, in field ORV programmes using currently available vaccine‐bait formats and distribution methods targeting other rabies reservoir species, skunks often fail to seroconvert. Field effectiveness of ORV in skunks appears to be limited by poor bait uptake or inadequate ingestion of vaccine rather than from poor vaccine efficacy. Observations of captive skunks revealed vaccine spillage when handling and biting into baits such that modification of bait formats might improve field effectiveness. In addition, a dose–response relationship between bait distribution density and post‐baiting seroconversion among skunks was observed across the limited number of field studies. Additional research is needed to identify opportunities to modify ORV baits and distribution strategies to improve the viability of ORV as a rabies control strategy in skunks.  相似文献   

Detection of Rabies Virus Genes by <Emphasis Type="Italic">In-Situ</Emphasis> Polymerase Chain Reaction     

Praveena PE  Jayakumar R  Balachandran C  Thirumurugan G  Raj GD  Manohar BM 《Veterinary research communications》2007,31(6):775-781

Rabies is diagnosed by FAT in the impression smears of brain tissues. In this study, an attempt was made to diagnose rabies using in situ polymerase chain reaction (ISPCR). A digoxigenin-labelled double-stranded probe specific for a portion of the ‘N’ gene of rabies virus was used. Positive signals were identified as blue dots in the intraneuronal and neuropil areas.  相似文献   

Knowledge,Attitudes and Practices of Primary Care Physicians in the Franche‐Comte Region (France) Regarding the Risk of Rabies     

R. Jeanpetit  A.‐P. Bellanger  E. Piotte  C. Haffner‐Mauvais  P. Marguet 《Zoonoses and public health》2014,61(5):371-376

Rabies remains a public health concern and is associated with a mortality rate of nearly 100%. An observational survey was undertaken in 2010 to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices of primary care physicians (PCPs) in our area regarding the risk of rabies. Standardized questionnaires were sent to a random sample of 400 PCPs practicing in the Franche‐Comté region (eastern France), requesting their voluntary and anonymous participation. The questionnaires requested socio‐demographic details and self‐evaluation. Seven clinical situations were selected to assess the attitudes of physicians. The response rate was 38.5%. Most of the PCPs were based in rural and semi‐rural areas, 76% knew where their nearest rabies centre was located and 75% of them claimed their knowledge of the risk of rabies was poor. While most of them (>80%) knew which animals transmitted the disease as well as the severity criteria for bites, only 12% knew that there was no contraindication for the rabies vaccine in the event of exposure to the disease. Responses to the seven clinical situations showed that most of them did not know the precise indication for the rabies vaccine and rabies immunoglobulin. Primary care physicians are usually aware of the risk of rabies, but their knowledge of how to manage rabies exposure and prevention often requires updating. The health authorities should provide more detailed information to PCPs and to the general population about the risk of rabies.  相似文献