水稻灌溉效益分摊系数试验研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

时光宇  沈佩君 《中国农村水利水电》1997,(5):19-21

通过试验方法，选择不同的降雨年型，系统地分析了淠史杭灌区不同降雨年型的灌溉增产率，灌溉效益扮摊系数；找出了水稻灌溉效益分摊系数与水稻生育期降雨量，灌水量之间的经验公式，对本地区及气候条件相似地区具有一定的参考价值。  相似文献   

喷头水量分布信息传感测试机理分     

汤跃  袁寿其  李红 《中国农村水利水电》2007,(1):25-27

针对传统喷头水量分布特性测试手段落后的问题，研究了喷头水量分布特性自动测试的关键技术，并根据水量测试原理，建立了水量信息传感器的转换模型，实现了水量信息从模拟量到数字量的一步转换。采用基于分布式总线技术的水量信息采集方案，设计了喷头水量分布特性自动测试系统，使水量分布信息和其他测试数据快速直观地显示在计算机屏幕上，并可打印输出，提高了喷头性能测试的工作效率和水平，对新型喷头的试验研究提供了可靠数据和分析手段。  相似文献   

湖北省1961年以来气温和降水变化趋势及分布   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  

覃军  王海军 《华中农业大学学报》1997,16(4):405-410

１９６１年以来湖北省年平均气温变化小，冬变暖夏变凉趋势明显，冬变暖区域集中在江汉平原南部及鄂东大部，夏变凉区域集中在鄂西北。年平均民政部下最高气温有下降趋势，最低气温有升高趋势，夏季的最高气温下降幅度最大、中心在鄂西北、冬季的最低气温增加幅度最大、中心在武汉附近。年降水量有增加趋势，其分布格局是东增西减，南增北减。  相似文献   

坡度和降雨强度对坡耕地入渗的影响   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

卫喜国  严昌荣  魏永霞  李娜  陆永玲 《灌溉排水学报》2009,(4)

利用人工模拟降雨对黑龙江西部半干旱区坡耕地不同坡度和不同降雨强度下的土壤水分入渗规律进行了试验研究,采用产流历时和稳定入渗速率二项指标进行分析,发现随着地面坡度的增大,产流历时提前,稳定入渗速率逐渐减小,坡面产流历时与坡度呈对数函数关系,土壤稳渗速率与坡度呈幂函数关系;随着降雨强度的增大,产流历时提前,稳定入渗速率逐渐增大;坡面产流历时与降雨强度呈指数函数关系,土壤稳定入渗速率与降雨强度也呈指数关系。  相似文献   

Removal of Vegetative Clippings Reduces Dissolved Phosphorus Loss in Runoff     

《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(11):1555-1564

Rainfall simulation was used to study the vegetative filter strip (VFS) conditions under which losses of total dissolved phosphorus (TDP) and dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) leaching occur. Boxes containing silt loam soil were planted with ryegrass and cut at two different intervals prior to simulated rainfall 14 days apart. Grass clippings were either removed or retained. During the second simulated rainfall, runoff TDP and DRP were greater for treatments cut the day before irrigation with clippings retained as compared to treatments cut the same day as irrigation with clippings retained. Removing clippings yielded the lowest mean TDP and DRP concentrations. Increasing the senesced vegetative surface area for contact with water, and the amount of time for leaching to occur, resulted in the greatest DRP loss. The VFS management implications should consider clipping removal or no or reduced mowing during the growing season followed by end-of-season removal to reduce DRP leaching losses.  相似文献   

The effects of applied crop residues on losses of Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn in run-off from a soil prone to crusting     

J. M. Mirás Avalos  I. Bertol    P. Sande Fouz  C. Carballeira  Díaz  E. Vidal Vázquez  & A. Paz  Gonzalez 《Soil Use and Management》2009,25(2):193-200

Tillage practices may reduce the organic matter content in near-surface soil horizons causing crust formation. Surface conditions may cause an increase in surface run-off, thus enhancing contaminant transfer of heavy metals or an acceleration in nutrient loss. This study examines the effect of applying crop residues to the surface of tilled soils on heavy metal losses by run-off. Losses in iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) were analysed. Run-off and sediment yield were measured on 1 m² plots using a rainfall simulator with a constant 65 mm/h intensity. Four successive rainfall applications were performed, the first three at 25 mm each and the last at 65 mm. Added corn straw varied between 0 and 4 t/ha in the five studied treatments. After 140 mm cumulative rainfall, total heavy metal losses were as follows: Fe from 137 to 950 mg/L, Mn from 2.3 to 12.83 mg/L, Cu from 0.09 to 0.72 mg/L and Zn from 0.31 to 2.46 mg/L. Dissolved fractions were as follows: Fe from 0.014 to 0.229 mg/L, Mn from 0.034 to 1.45 mg/L, Cu from 0.002 to 0.013 mg/L and Zn from 0.02 to 0.12 mg/L. Total concentrations of the studied elements decreased exponentially due to the effect of corn straw on soil loss. However, dissolved contents of Fe and Cu scarcely varied. Significant positive linear correlations were observed between total heavy metal content and soil and sediment loss by run-off. It is concluded that the addition of straw to a soil of low fertility prevents heavy metal loss.  相似文献   

覆盖对粘重土壤中苜蓿出苗的影响     

毛玉林 《草业学报》1999,8(2):76-80

紧实土壤降雨后常由于板结而严重影响作物出苗，导致建植不良乃至失败本实验采用遮阳膜覆盖、麦秸覆盖、不覆盖、土壤稳定剂４个表面处理和快速干燥、缓慢干燥２个干燥速度处理，研究芷蓉播后模拟降水条件一出苗情况，不同的覆盖及土壤处理条件下芷蓿出苗具有显著的处理效应，处理效应主要在出苗早期形成，遮阳膜覆盖比其他出苗显著要高；干燥速度地芷蓿出苗无影响。土壤剂和麦秸对苜蓿出苗的影响需要进一步的研究。  相似文献   

坡长对径流及侵蚀的影响   总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15  

黎四龙  蔡强国 《干旱区资源与环境》1998,12(1):29-35

张家口市水保试验站坡长小区五年观测资料表明,降雨强度影响径流量、侵蚀量随坡长的变化。降雨强度较小时,径流量不能用坡长与降雨强度的乘积代替,侵蚀量随坡长增加较慢。降雨强度较大时,径流量可用坡长与降雨强度的乘积代替,侵蚀量方程中坡长指数较大。  相似文献   

台湾中部地区短延时降雨强度初步探讨     

赵怡婷  李锦育* 《亚热带水土保持》2012,(1):1-6

台湾地区在经历1999年的921地震后,山坡地土体松动严重,仅仅短延时的降雨即有机会引起土石流的发生,而近年微小的降雨条件下即有可能触动土石流发生,因此将台湾中部地区14个测站所测得的台风降雨资料,依照台风降雨强度进行水文频率分析,分析方法采用对数常态分布法、极端值第一类分布法、皮尔逊第三类分布法及对数皮尔逊第三类分布法等4种方法,计算短延时重现期距并绘成降雨强度-延时-频率之分析曲线,再整合各区域土石流潜势溪流的分布情况,分析台风降雨对台湾中部地区所造成之影响.  相似文献   

蔗区降雨分布与甘蔗需水及加肥灌溉效应   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

谭宏伟  周柳强  谢如林  黄美福 《农业科学与技术》2009,10(4):175-177,182

1材料与方法 1．1试验概况选择有代表性的甘蔗种植区广西壮族自治区来宾市进行田间试验，供试甘蔗品种为“台糖22”，种植密度45000芽段／hm^2。各生长阶段降雨观测在田间试验旁进行，试验地养分测定按常规方法。  相似文献