Improved milk production through PG–PL system by provision of in‐house shelter management in lactating Murrah buffaloes during winter season          下载免费PDF全文

N. Haque  M. Singh  S. A. Hossain 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2018,102(1):166-174

Comprehensive information on the role of β‐casein and plasminogen–plasmin (PG–PL) system in milk secretion of Murrah buffaloes during winter season is lacking, although effects of cold stress can be ameliorated to an extent by altering microclimate at farm level. Hence, this study was aimed to determine the changes in productivity along with PG–PL system of milk, plasma hormones and metabolites of buffaloes during winter (December–January) season under two different management systems. Average minimum temperature and wind chill index during this season were 7.02 and 12.74 °C respectively. Buffaloes were divided in two groups of six animals each: control and treatment, where treatment group animals were placed in‐house with floor bedding of paddy straw and the control group animals in loose housing system without straw bedding. Physiological responses were recorded, and milk and blood samples were collected at weekly intervals for six‐week experimental period. Under in‐house management system, buffaloes experienced better comfort by alleviating environmental stress as their physiological responses such as respiration rate and pulse rate were significantly reduced (p < 0.01) as compared to the control, which subsequently resulted higher milk yield by 9.92% (p < 0.05). Analysis of milk samples revealed higher concentration of plasminogen (10.6 vs. 8.05 μg/ml; p < 0.01) and β‐casein (p < 0.05), and lower plasmin level (0.299 vs. 0.321 μg/ml; p < 0.05) in buffaloes under treatment group. It was also found that plasma cortisol, glucose and non‐esterified fatty acids levels were higher (p < 0.01) in control group as compared to the treatment animals by 13.6%, 8.14% and 12.6% respectively. However, milk composition, growth hormone, epinephrine and norepinephrine level in plasma were similar in both the groups. Hence, it may be concluded that provision of in‐house shelter management with floor bedding of paddy straw during winter was effective to minimize environmental stress and improved milk production through manipulation of PG–PL system in buffaloes.  相似文献   

Effects of continuous low dose infusion of lipopolysaccharide on inflammatory responses,milk production and milk quality in dairy cows          下载免费PDF全文

L. T. Ning  G. Z. Dong  C. Ao  D. G. Zhang  K. Erdene  F. Q. Zhang  J. Wen  T. L. Zhang 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2018,102(1):e262-e269

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of continuous low dose infusion of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on inflammatory responses and milk production and quality in lactating dairy cows. Eight Holstein cows were assigned to two treatments in a cross‐over experimental design. Cows were infused intravenously either with saline solution or with saline solution containing LPS from Escherichia coli O111:B4 at a dose of 0.01 μg LPS/kg body weight for approximately 6 hr each day during a seven‐day trial. The clinical symptoms and milk production performance were observed. Milk samples were analysed for conventional components, fatty acids and amino acids. And jugular vein and mammary vein plasma samples were analysed for concentrations of cytokines and acute phase proteins. LPS infusion decreased feed intake and milk yield. An increase in body temperature was observed after LPS infusion. LPS infusion also increased plasma concentrations of interleukin‐1β, serum amyloid A, LPS‐binding protein, C‐reactive protein and haptoglobin. LPS infusion decreased the contents of some fatty acids, such as C17:1, C18:0, C18:1n9 (trans) and C18:2n6 (trans), and most amino acids except for methionine, threonine, histidine, cysteine, tyrosine and proline in the milk. The results indicated that a continued low dose infusion of LPS can induce an inflammatory response, decrease milk production and reduce milk quality.  相似文献   

Effects of milk thistle meal on performance,ileal bacterial enumeration,jejunal morphology and blood lipid peroxidation in laying hens fed diets with different levels of metabolizable energy          下载免费PDF全文

N. S. Hashemi Jabali  A. H. Mahdavi  S. Ansari Mahyari  M. Sedghi  R. Akbari Moghaddam Kakhki 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2018,102(2):410-420

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different levels of milk thistle meal on performance, blood biochemical indices, ileal bacterial counts and intestinal histology in laying hens fed diets containing different levels of metabolizable energy. A total number of 200 Leghorn laying hens (Hy‐Line W‐36) were randomly assigned to eight experimental treatments with five cage replicates of five birds each. Dietary treatments consisted of four levels of milk thistle meal (0%, 15%, 30% and 60%) and two levels of AME_n (11.09 and 12.34 MJ/kg) fed over a period of 80 days. In vitro studies revealed that the total phenolic component of milk thistle meal was 470.64 mg gallic acid equivalent/g of the sample, and its antioxidant activity for inhibiting the 2‐2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrichydrazyl free radical and reducing ferric ions was about 21% higher than that of butylated hydroxyltoluene (p < .05). Diets containing high level of AME_n led to improved egg production (p < .05), egg weight (p < .05), egg mass (p < .01) and feed conversion ratio (p < .01). In addition, offering diets containing high energy significantly enhanced (p < .01) serum triglyceride and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations as well as jejunal villus height. Dietary supplementation of 3% milk thistle meal resulted in the best feed conversion ratio (p < .05), reduction of ileal Escherichia coli enumeration (p < .01) and an enhancement in the villus height‐to‐crypt depth ratio (p < .05). Furthermore, feeding incremental levels of this meal led to remarkable decrease in serum cholesterol, triglyceride and MDA (p < .01) concentrations while significant increase in blood high‐density lipoprotein content and goblet cell numbers (p < .05). The present findings indicate that milk thistle meal with high antioxidant and antibacterial properties in laying hen diets may improve health indices and productive performance.  相似文献   

Effect of water restriction on milk yield and quality in Lacaune breed ewes          下载免费PDF全文

D. Casamassima  M. Palazzo  M. Nardoia  A. G. D'Alessandro  F. Vizzarri 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2018,102(2):e677-e685

The effect of water restriction on body weight, body condition score, milk yield, and milk composition and rheological characteristics in intensively reared Lacaune ewes was evaluated. After 7 days of adaptation, the trial lasted 28 days. Thirty lactating ewes (48 ± 5 months of age; mean value ± standard deviation) at the beginning of third lactation month were divided into three groups (n = 10), corresponding to the following water restriction treatment: a group control received no drinking water restriction (W100), and two groups received water to the extent of 80% and 60% of W100 daily consumption (W80 and W60 group respectively). The effects of water restriction were assessed at the beginning of experiment (D0), at D14 and D28. The W60 group resulted in a significant decrease in body weight, body condition score, milk yield and feed consumption of hay due to the experimental treatment; whereas a marked increase in both W60 and W80 groups of milk lactose, urea, sodium, sodium chloride content and titratable acidity was observed. Rheological parameters of milk, rennet coagulation time and curd‐firming time were positively affected by water restriction treatments, with a decrease in both experimental groups of the time required for the formation of a stable and firm curd. Results highlight the importance of water consumption in dairy sheep. The scarce availability of water, significantly affecting ewes milk production, is worthy of particular attention in arid area where water stress‐resistant breeds should be considered. This study underlines that milk yield, being closely linked to the availability of water of the breeding habitat due to its high water content (about 81%), could be reached in area where water is not a limiting factor without reducing the genetic expression of the animals. Less severe water restrictions, such as 20% of daily voluntary water intake, produce no detrimental effect on milk yield.  相似文献   

The effect of dietary supplementation with Aurantiochytrium limacinum on lactating dairy cows in terms of animal health,productivity and milk composition          下载免费PDF全文

C. A. Moran  M. Morlacchini  J. D. Keegan  G. Fusconi 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2018,102(2):576-590

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation with the docosahexaenoic acid (DHA )‐rich microalgae, Aurantiochytrium limacinum (AURA ), on a variety of health and productivity parameters in lactating cows. Twenty‐four cows were blocked by parity and number of days in milk and then randomly assigned to a control (CON ; n  = 12) group with no algal supplementation, or a treatment group (AURA ; n  = 12) provided with 100 g AURA  cow^?1 day^?1 or 16 g DHA  cow^?1 day^?1. A variety of health and productivity measurements were taken, and results indicated that supplementation had no negative effects on animal health in terms of somatic cell count, haematological and biochemical blood parameters, while body condition was marginally improved by algal supplementation. No differences were found for the various production parameters measured; however, a tendency towards increased milk production was observed for the AURA group during the final stage of the study (+4.5 kg cow^?1 day^?1, day 78–84). The fatty acid profile of milk was improved by supplementation, with significantly lower saturated fatty acids, significantly higher omega‐3 fatty acids and an improved omega‐3/omega‐6 ratio observed when compared to the control group. The amount of DHA in the milk of cows provided 105 g AURA  head^?1 day^?1 was 4.7 mg/100 g milk with a peak transfer efficiency from feed to milk at day 49 of 8.3%. These results indicate that supplementation with 105 g AURA  head^?1 day^?1 resulted in the successful enrichment of milk with DHA without negatively impacting the health or productivity of the animals.  相似文献   

安化黑毛茶加工现状与机械化发展趋势     

柴硕  黎娜  李瑾  萧力争 《湖南农业科学》2015,(3)

本文结合安化黑毛茶初制加工现状及发展黑茶机械化生产的必要性,指出黑茶渥堆机的设计重点及难点,以期达到渥堆过程的量化控制,实现机械化生产,使黑茶生产的环境条件及加工流程符合现代化茶叶加工的要求。  相似文献   

天然生胶杂质含量测量结果不确定度评定     

徐应广 《热带农业科学》2011,31(8):83-84

根据GB/T 8086—2008规定的测定方法,分析了测定过程中的随机效应与系统效应,计算这两种效应对测定过程导致的不确定度和,最终对本方法所产生的不确定度给予综合评定。  相似文献   

红花粕和水飞蓟粕对生长獭兔的营养价值评定     

吴峰洋  李冲  陈赛娟  刘亚娟  谷子林 《动物营养学报》2017,29(2)

本试验旨在通过饲养试验和消化试验来评定红花粕和水飞蓟粕在生长獭兔上的营养价值。选取18只60日龄左右、平均体重(1.73±0.21)kg、健康状况良好的白色獭兔,随机分为3个组,每组6个重复,每个重复1只兔。各组分别饲喂基础饲粮、红花粕饲粮(85%基础饲粮+15%红花粕)和水飞蓟粕饲粮(85%基础饲粮+15%水飞蓟粕)。预试期和正试期各5 d。采用化学分析法测定红花粕和水飞蓟粕的总能(GE)及各营养物质含量,采用全收粪法测定生长獭兔对各营养物质的表观消化率。结果表明:红花粕和水飞蓟粕中的GE、干物质(DM)、粗蛋白质(CP)、粗纤维(CF)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)、酸性洗涤木质素(ADL)、粗脂肪(EE)、粗灰分(Ash)、钙(Ca)、磷(P)以及无氮浸出物(NFE)的含量分别为:18.81 MJ/kg、93.76%、23.94%、14.95%、19.92%、11.99%、2.19%、1.64%、4.93%、0.37%、0.57%、49.32%与17.12 MJ/kg、91.94%、23.62%、16.21%、38.57%、22.73%、4.04%、2.07%、5.31%、0.29%、0.68%、42.09%。生长獭兔对红花粕和水飞蓟粕中GE、DM、CP、CF、NDF、ADF、EE、Ash、Ca、P和NFE的表观消化率分别为62.60%、61.72%、62.39%、15.68%、26.30%、14.75%、80.69%、38.35%、59.35%、31.98%、79.61%与63.13%、61.94%、68.01%、15.74%、27.64%、14.98%、79.90%、38.20%、60.44%、32.99%、79.81%。由此可见,生长獭兔对红花粕和水飞蓟粕中的不同营养成分的表观消化率存在一定差异,结合2种原料各营养物质含量总体分析,2种原料均可作为獭兔的蛋白质饲料资源应用,并且对生长獭兔的营养价值相近。  相似文献   

激素对奶牛乳腺上皮细胞乳脂肪合成的调控作用     

曹越  李大彪 《中国畜牧兽医》2021,48(8):2778-2786

乳脂肪是高质量的天然脂肪，其可为人类提供营养和能量，在各种膳食脂肪和油类中，是最容易被消化吸收的。乳脂肪是在乳腺中由从头合成或外源摄取的脂肪酸与甘油酯化形成的一种脂类物质，其含量的高低关系着牛奶品质的优劣和乳制品的加工特性。在奶牛的泌乳周期中，乳腺泌乳功能受多种因素影响，其中内分泌腺分泌的多种激素对奶牛乳腺上皮细胞（BMECs）乳脂的合成具有积极的调控作用。综上所述，作者介绍了氢化可的松、催乳素、胰岛素和生长激素4种泌乳相关激素对BMECs乳脂肪合成的调控机理，即从乳脂合成适宜的激素添加量、激素对乳脂球形态的影响方面初步阐释其调控作用，并从乳脂合成的关键酶及转录因子、激素对乳脂合成相关基因表达量方面深入阐释其作用机理，旨在为研究泌乳相关激素对奶牛乳腺内乳脂肪合成的调控机理提供参考。  相似文献   

不同药物防治羔羊奶结症临床效果分析     

王选慧  ;王治仓  ;任作宝  ;黄静  ;王喜军  ;王丽娟 《中兽医医药杂志》2014,(5):44-45

为寻找羔羊奶结症的有效防治药物，将筛选出的5组药物用于羔羊奶结症的防治试验？结果表明，第l组药物“消维康”口服液对于减少羔羊奶结的发生有明显作用，第2组药物四仙莪棱香附散治疗羔羊奶结效果最佳．  相似文献