基质固相分散萃取-气相色谱法同时检测人参中五氯硝基苯及其代谢物残留   总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6  

李晶  董丰收  刘新刚  姚建仁  郑永权 《农业环境科学学报》2009,28(1)

采用基质同相分散萃取-气相色谱(MSPD-GC)技术,建立了人参中五氯硝基苯(PcNB)及其代谢物五氯苯胺(PCA)和甲基五氯苯基硫醚(PCTA)残留的多残留分析方法.将人参样品与弗罗硅土(m/m,1:2)充分研磨5min后装入10mL玻璃注射器内,通过正己烷:丙酮(V/V,5:5)混合溶液洗脱实现了人参中五氯硝基苯及其代谢物的同时提取和净化.结果表明,应用该方法测定人参中五氯硝基苯、五氯苯胺及甲基五氯苯基硫醚,回收率为89.41%～104.42%,相对标准偏差为3.73%～7.43%,五氯硝基苯及其代谢物的方法检出限均小于2μg·kg-1.  相似文献   

干法半干法脱硫灰及其焙烧产物在农业上应用的安全有效性研究评价     

李静  石林 《农业环境科学学报》2009,28(1)

通过对邯郸马头电厂、广州恒运电厂的2种脱硫灰以及广州恒运电厂脱硫灰与钾矿石高温焙烧产物进行了物理特性和化学成分分析,并在不同pH值下进行了浸出实验,对可溶的有效元素、微量元素特别是重金属的含量进行分析比较,对3种实验样品农业应用的安全有效性进行了研究评价.结果表明,3种样品的重金属As、Cr、Cu、Mo、Ni、Pb、Zn、Cd含量均远远小于国家标准.得出可以在农业上的安全使用;样品中的有效元素Ca、Mg、Fe、Al、Na、Si的含量均在0.01%～1%之间,尤其是钾元素,实验浸出值在5%左右,可以在农业上得到有效的利用,因此在农业上应用有一定的有效性.  相似文献   

巢湖东半湖沉积物中有机氯农药的残留特征及风险评价   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

周婷婷  李学德  张明  花日茂 《农业环境科学学报》2009,28(11)

采样测定了巢湖东半湖4个样点的表层沉积物中有机氯农药(OCPs)的含量.结果表明,11种有机氯农药在样品中被检出,总含量为8.26～31.73 ng·g~(-1);OCPs在沉积物中的垂直分布从上往下大体呈递减趋势;且OCPs的最高含量都出现在上层沉积物中,说明巢湖东半湖沉积物中有机氯农药主要集中在0～3 cm的表层.根据分析,DDTs来自于早期残留或者施用农药后的长期风化残留.沉积物风险评估表明,巢湖东半湖表层沉积物中的有机氯农药存在一定的生态风险.  相似文献   

Mixing groundnut residues and rice straw to improve rice yield and N use efficiency   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

W. Kaewpradit  B. Toomsan  G. Cadisch  P. Vityakon  V. Limpinuntana  P. Saenjan  S. Jogloy  A. Patanothai 《Field Crops Research》2009

Groundnut as a pre-rice crop is usually harvested 1–2 months before rice transplanting. During this lag phase much of N in groundnut residues could be lost due to rapid N mineralization. Mixing of abundantly available rice straw with groundnut residues may be a means for reducing N and improve subsequent crop yields. The objectives of this experiment were to investigate the effect of mixing groundnut residues and rice straw in different proportions on (a) growth and yield of succeeding rice, (b) groundnut residue N use efficiency and (c) N lost (¹⁵N balance) from the plant–soil system and fate of residue N in soil fractions. The experiment consisted of six treatments: (i) control (no residues), (ii) NPK (at recommended rate, 38 kg N ha⁻¹), (iii) groundnut residues 5 Mg ha⁻¹ (120 kg N ha⁻¹), (iv) rice straw 5 Mg ha⁻¹ (25 kg N ha⁻¹), (v) 1:0.5 mixed (groundnut residues 5 Mg: rice straw 2.5 Mg ha⁻¹), and (vi) 1:1 mixed (groundnut residues 5 Mg: rice straw 5 Mg ha⁻¹). After rice transplanting, samples of the lowland rice cultivar KDML 105 were periodically collected to determine growth and nutrient uptake. At final harvest, dry weight, nutrient contents and ¹⁵N recovery of labeled groundnut residues were evaluated.  相似文献   

Modeling the impacts of contrasting nutrient and residue management practices on grain yield of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) in a semi-arid region of Ghana using APSIM     

Dilys S. MacCarthy  Rolf Sommer  Paul L.G. Vlek 《Field Crops Research》2009

The cropping systems model APSIM (Agricultural Production Systems sIMulator) was applied to assess the response of sorghum grain yield to inorganic fertilizers applications and residue retention in diverse farmers’ management systems (homestead fields and bush farms). The model was parameterized using data collected from experiments under optimum growth conditions (limited water or nutrient stress). Independent data from field experiments with three levels of P and four levels of N fertilizers conducted at two different locations and soils were used to evaluate the model. Soil water and fertility parameters measured were used for simulations while same starting conditions were assumed for unmeasured parameters for all trials. APSIM predicted the grain yield response of sorghum to both N and P applications with an overall modified internal coefficient of efficiency of 0.64. Following model parameterization, a long-term simulation study was conducted using a stochastic weather data derived from historical weather data to assess the effects of crop residue management on grain production. A gradual decline in sorghum grain yield was simulated over the 30-year simulation period in both the homestead fields and the bush farms, with yields being much lower in the latter under farmers’ management practices. Half the amount of mineral N fertilizer used in the bush farms was needed in the homestead fields to produce the average grain yields produced on the bush farm with full fertilization, if crop residues were returned to the fields in the homestead. Year-to-year variability in grain yield was consistently higher with the removal of crop residues, irrespective of management systems. APSIM was responsive to both organic and inorganic fertilizer applications in the study area and also highlighted the essential role of crop residues and inorganic fertilizer in influencing the temporal sorghum grain production and hence the impact of farmers’ management practices on food security. This was evident in the rapid decline in soil organic carbon (SOC) accompanied by a decline in grain yield over the 30 years of cropping. The use of inorganic fertilizer and retention of crop residues (SOC) are critical for attaining food security in the study area.  相似文献   

Effect of different formulations on tebuconazole residues in stone fruits     

Luigi Lucini  Gian Pietro Molinari 《Pest management science》2009,65(4):440-443

BACKGROUND: The correlation between pesticide residue levels and formulation of an active substance is often not considered, even if it is reasonable to expect some differences arising from behaviour during dilution and spraying, from adhesion to plant and from degradation. An experimental study to investigate the magnitude of tebuconazole residues as a function of different tebuconazole formulated products was carried out in Italy. The fungicide was applied as wettable powder (WP) and water‐dispersible granule (WG) formulations to peach, plum, apricot and nectarine orchards, on four different sites. The fruit samples gained from the field trials were quantitatively analysed by gas chromatography with a nitrogen phosphorus detector (GC/NPD) for tebuconazole residues. RESULTS: Tebuconazole residues in the fruits gained from the plot treated with the WP formulation, 14 days after application, were in the range 0.01–0.07 mg kg^?1, while corresponding residues in the plot treated with the WG formulation were in the range 0.01–0.06 mg kg^?1. CONCLUSION: No significant differences in the residue levels of tebuconazole could be observed between the trials conducted with the WP and the WG formulation. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

浊点萃取法在农药残留分析中的应用   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

马立利  秦冬梅  简秋  李莉  王素利  刘丰茂 《农药学学报》2009,11(2):159-165

浊点萃取法是近年来发展较快的一种环境友好型液液萃取技术,与传统的提取方法(如液液分配、固相萃取、索氏提取等)相比,具有高效、低毒、操作简单等优点,目前已成功应用于金属离子、蛋白质、环境样品的前处理和分离、纯化。概述了浊点萃取法的机理和分类(温度诱导的浊点萃取法、凝聚萃取法和混合胶束介质萃取法),总结了近年来该方法在农药残留分析领域环境样品前处理中的应用及其优缺点。  相似文献   

顶空气相色谱法测定土壤中氯化苦残留   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

汤珏婷  王秋霞  王方艳  毛连刚  侯明生  曹坳程 《农药学学报》2009,11(4):511-514

建立了一种快速测定土壤中氯化苦残留的方法。用石油醚室温下浸提土壤30 min后漩涡振荡,离心后取上清液直接采用顶空气相色谱法测定。结果显示,在质量浓度0.005 ~4 mg/L范围内,线性相关系数R2=0.999。氯化苦的添加水平在0.012 5 ~1.25 mg/kg范围内,5次重复的平均添加回收率在82.7% ~109.9%之间,相对标准偏差(RSD)在8.4% ~9.5%之间,检测限为0.008 8 mg/kg,定量限为0.029 mg/kg 。该方法可以满足土壤中氯化苦残留测定的要求。  相似文献   

HPLC-VWD法测定猪粪中喹乙醇的残留   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

李维  王冉  魏瑞成  张宁  王恬 《江苏农业学报》2009,25(2)

建立了猪粪中喹乙醇残留的高效液相色谱检测方法,猪粪经蒸馏水提取震荡后,加入硼砂和硫酸锌等净化剂净化样品,离心,过0.22 μm滤膜,HPLC检测,以ZORBAX SB-C18色谱柱为固定相,12%甲醇水溶液为流动相,在波长382 nm状态下进行检测.喹乙醇浓度为0.05～10.0 μg/ml时与色谱峰面积呈线性关系,绝对系数R2=0.999 9.在0.6 ～3.0 mg/kg浓度添加范围内,回收率为70.07%～83.44%,日内变异系数为1.20%～4.38%,日间变异系数为4.64%～9.62%,样品的检出限为0.4 μg/kg.  相似文献   

魔芋精粉中二氧化硫残留量的几种测定方法比较   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

崔韶晖  李婷婷  陈曦  姜爱丽 《安徽农业科学》2009,(2):472-473

[目的]比较魔芋精粉中二氧化硫（SO2）残留量测定方法的优缺点。[方法]使用改进的常量蒸馏微量滴定法和盐酸副玫瑰苯胺法,测定了3种不同产地魔芋精粉中的SO2残留量,比较了2种方法的优缺点。[结果]盐酸副玫瑰苯胺法测定的整体结果比常量蒸馏微量滴定法的结果偏大,但差异不显著;测得3种魔芋精粉的SO2残留量分别为云南健晶白芋2．35g／kg;四川宜宾白芋2．21g/kg;四川宜宾花芋1．93g／kg。[结论]2种方法的测定结果没有显著差异,其中常量蒸馏微量滴定法操作简便、实用。  相似文献