京海黄鸡杂交组合亲本鸡球虫抗性指标的比较   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

林雨鑫  张菁菁  戴国俊  张跟喜  谢恺舟  王金玉  顾玉萍 《中国畜牧兽医》2015,42(3):685-689

为研究京海黄鸡杂交组合亲本BB鸡与FF鸡鸡球虫病抗性的差异,试验选取BB和FF公鸡各30只,饲养至9日龄时,每个群体随机分为免疫组(n=15)和非免疫对照组(n=15),分组当天免疫组京海黄鸡杂交组合亲本按正典鸡球虫病四价活疫苗说明书要求接种鸡球虫疫苗,疫苗免疫后第8天采用生物素双抗体酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定免疫组和非免疫对照组8个血浆球虫抗性指标,并进行差异显著性检验.结果显示,BB鸡免疫组过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和白介素17(IL-17)的含量显著高于FF鸡免疫组(P <0.05);BB杂交组合亲本免疫组CAT含量极显著高于对照组(P <0.01),SOD含量显著高于对照组(P <0.05);FF杂交组合亲本免疫组CAT和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)含量均显著高于对照组(P <0.05).综合分析结果表明,BB鸡免疫效果优于FF鸡群体,BB鸡球虫病抗性优于FF鸡群体.  相似文献   

乳酸菌培养物对肉鸡生长性能及免疫功能的影响     

付丽  赵巍  李立佳  汪晓东  杜超  甄玉国 《中国畜牧兽医》2015,42(9):2337-2344

试验旨在研究灭活乳酸菌培养物对肉鸡生长性能及免疫功能的影响。选择300只体重相近的健康1日龄AA肉仔鸡,随机分为5组,每组6个重复,每个重复10只鸡,雌、雄各半。其中对照组饲喂基础日粮,抗生素组在基础日粮中添加0.01%金霉素,乳酸菌培养物组分别在基础日粮中添加0.16%乳酸菌培养物L1、L2、L3。试验期42 d,分1~21日龄(前期)和22~42日龄(后期)2个阶段。结果显示,1~21日龄时,乳酸菌培养物L1组肉鸡平均日采食量极显著高于对照组和抗生素组(P<0.01),血清中白介素-2(IL-2)含量显著低于对照组(P<0.05),脾脏指数、胸腺指数、法氏囊指数均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);乳酸菌培养物L2组肉鸡脾脏指数、胸腺指数显著高于对照组(P<0.05);乳酸菌培养物L3组肉鸡平均日增重极显著高于对照组和抗生素组(P<0.01);抗生素组肉鸡血清中γ-干扰素(IFN-γ)含量显著高于乳酸菌培养物组(P<0.05)。22~42日龄时,乳酸菌培养物L1、L2组肉鸡平均日增重极显著高于对照组和抗生素组(P<0.01);乳酸菌培养物L2组肉鸡血清中免疫球蛋白G(IgG)含量显著高于抗生素组(P<0.05),血清新城疫抗体效价及脾脏指数、胸腺指数、法氏囊指数均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);乳酸菌培养物L3组肉鸡血清中免疫球蛋白A(IgA)含量及胸腺指数显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。由此可知,在肉鸡日粮中添加一定量的灭活乳酸菌培养物可在一定程度上提高肉鸡的生长性能、增强其免疫功能,其中,对于提高肉鸡的生长性能,试验前期添加L3效果较好,试验后期添加L1和L2效果较好;对于增强肉鸡的免疫功能,试验前期添加L1效果较好,试验后期添加L2效果较好。  相似文献   

Suitability of tef varieties in mixed wheat flour bread matrices: A physico-chemical and nutritional approach     

《Journal of Cereal Science》2015

Wheat flour replacement from 0 to 40% by single tef flours from three Ethiopian varieties DZ-01-99 (brown grain tef), DZ-Cr-37 (white grain tef) and DZ-Cr-387 (Quncho, white grain tef) yielded a technologically viable ciabatta type composite bread with acceptable sensory properties and enhanced nutritional value, as compared to 100% refined wheat flour. Incorporation of tef flour from 30% to 40% imparted discreet negative effects in terms of decreased loaf volume and crumb resilience, and increase of crumb hardness in brown tef blended breads. Increment of crumb hardness on aging was in general much lower in tef blended breads compared to wheat bread counterparts, revealing slower firming kinetics, especially for brown tef blended breads. Blended breads with 40% white tef exhibited similar extent and variable rate of retrogradation kinetics along storage, while brown tef-blended breads retrograded slower but in higher extent than control wheat flour breads. Breads that contains 40% tef grain flour were found to contain five folds (DZ-01-99, DZ-Cr-387) to 10 folds (DZ-Cr-37) Fe, three folds Mn, twice Cu, Zn and Mg, and 1.5 times Ca, K, and P contents as compared to the contents found in 100% refined wheat grain flour breads. In addition, suitable dietary trends for lower rapidly digestible starch and starch digestion rate index were met from tef grain flour fortified breads.  相似文献   

Marine-Derived Quorum-Sensing Inhibitory Activities Enhance the Antibacterial Efficacy of Tobramycin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa     

Alessandro Busetti  George Shaw  Julianne Megaw  Sean P. Gorman  Christine A. Maggs  Brendan F. Gilmore 《Marine drugs》2015,13(1):1-28

Bacterial epiphytes isolated from marine eukaryotes were screened for the production of quorum sensing inhibitory compounds (QSIs). Marine isolate KS8, identified as a Pseudoalteromonas sp., was found to display strong quorum sensing inhibitory (QSI) activity against acyl homoserine lactone (AHL)-based reporter strains Chromobacterium violaceum ATCC 12472 and CV026. KS8 supernatant significantly reduced biofilm biomass during biofilm formation (−63%) and in pre-established, mature P. aeruginosa PAO1 biofilms (−33%). KS8 supernatant also caused a 0.97-log reduction (−89%) and a 2-log reduction (−99%) in PAO1 biofilm viable counts in the biofilm formation assay and the biofilm eradication assay respectively. The crude organic extract of KS8 had a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 2 mg/mL against PAO1 but no minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was observed over the concentration range tested (MBC > 16 mg/mL). Sub-MIC concentrations (1 mg/mL) of KS8 crude organic extract significantly reduced the quorum sensing (QS)-dependent production of both pyoverdin and pyocyanin in P. aeruginosa PAO1 without affecting growth. A combinatorial approach using tobramycin and the crude organic extract at 1 mg/mL against planktonic P. aeruginosa PAO1 was found to increase the efficacy of tobramycin ten-fold, decreasing the MIC from 0.75 to 0.075 µg/mL. These data support the validity of approaches combining conventional antibiotic therapy with non-antibiotic compounds to improve the efficacy of current treatments.  相似文献   

Lipopolysaccharides from Commensal and Opportunistic Bacteria: Characterization and Response of the Immune System of the Host Sponge Suberites domuncula     

Johan Gardères  Gilles Bedoux  Vasiliki Koutsouveli  Sterenn Crequer  Florie Desriac  Ga?l Le Pennec 《Marine drugs》2015,13(8):4985-5006

Marine sponges harbor a rich bacterioflora with which they maintain close relationships. However, the way these animals make the distinction between bacteria which are consumed to meet their metabolic needs and opportunistic and commensal bacteria which are hosted is not elucidated. Among the elements participating in this discrimination, bacterial cell wall components such as lipopolysaccharides (LPS) could play a role. In the present study, we investigated the LPS chemical structure of two bacteria associated with the sponge Suberites domuncula: a commensal Endozoicomonas sp. and an opportunistic Pseudoalteromonas sp. Electrophoretic patterns indicated different LPS structures for these bacteria. The immunomodulatory lipid A was isolated after mild acetic acid hydrolysis. The electrospray ionization ion-trap mass spectra revealed monophosphorylated molecules corresponding to tetra- and pentaacylated structures with common structural features between the two strains. Despite peculiar structural characteristics, none of these two LPS influenced the expression of the macrophage-expressed gene S. domuncula unlike the Escherichia coli ones. Further research will have to include a larger number of genes to understand how this animal can distinguish between LPS with resembling structures and discriminate between bacteria associated with it.  相似文献   

柴胡中草药对奶牛瘤胃菌群多样性及纤维分解菌的影响     

潘龙  卜登攀  王加启  程建波  孙先枝  王秀敏  秦俊杰  袁耀明  张幸开 《草业学报》2015,24(3):219-225

通过DGGE和RT-PCR技术研究日粮中添加不同剂量的柴胡中草药对奶牛瘤胃细菌多样性和主要纤维分解菌(琥珀酸丝状杆菌、黄色瘤胃球菌和白色瘤胃球菌)的影响。根据产奶量(37.5±1.8) kg/d、泌乳天数(75±15) d以及胎次(1.7±0.4)等相近的原则,将40头健康的中国荷斯坦泌乳奶牛随机分为4组(n=10),分别饲喂4种不同的处理日粮,即在基础日粮中分别添加0,0.25,0.50和1.00 g/kg的柴胡中草药(DM基础)。试验持续10周,并在第6周口腔采集瘤胃液,通过变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)和实时定量PCR(RT-PCR)对瘤胃细菌进行分析。DGGE图谱显示,中草药添加组和空白对照组并没有显著的差异条带,但其指纹图谱相似性并不高,均低于0.54,且1.00 g/kg的添加量显著降低了瘤胃液细菌香农多样性指数,而0.50和1.00 g/kg的添加量则提高了菌群优势度指数(P<0.05);RT-PCR结果显示,柴胡中草药对奶牛瘤胃主要纤维分解菌并没有显著的影响。因此,柴胡中草药在一定程度上影响了瘤胃细菌的多样性,但差异并不显著,可能由于瘤胃微生物适应了柴胡中草药的添加。  相似文献   

短芒大麦草青贮微生物特性研究及优良乳酸菌筛选     

陶雅  李峰  高凤芹  孙启忠 《草业学报》2015,24(12):66-73

以短芒大麦草为研究对象,利用传统培养法从叶围和青贮发酵体系中分离出乳酸菌、大肠杆菌、好氧细菌、酵母菌和霉菌,并计数;结合细菌形态学、生理生化特征及16S rDNA序列分析鉴定分离出的乳酸菌菌株;通过研究乳酸菌的生长曲线、产酸特性及耐酸性,筛选优质乳酸菌。以期探明短芒大麦草叶围及青贮发酵体系中微生物菌群特性及青贮料中乳酸菌多样性,筛选出具有促发酵效果的乳酸菌菌株,为有益微生物饲料研发奠定基础。试验结果表明,短芒大麦草经青贮发酵后各微生物菌群数量发生不同程度变化,乳酸菌数量由0 cfu/g FM增加到4.00×10⁸ cfu/g FM,酵母菌数量由8.50×10⁵ cfu/g FM增加到1.02×10⁸ cfu/g FM,而好氧细菌、大肠杆菌和霉菌数量变化不明显;从短芒大麦草青贮发酵体系分离得到4株乳酸菌,经鉴定Lx36为Lactobacillus pentosus,Lx37为Lactobacillus brevis,Lx53为Pediococcus pentosaceus,Lx54为Lactobacillus parabuchneri;筛选得到1株益于青贮的乳酸菌株Lx36,约在20 h后进入稳定生长期,OD值达到4.21,且发酵12 h的pH仅为4.08,并可以在pH=3.0环境条件下生长。综上所述,青贮发酵是体系中各种微生物相互作用的过程,微生物菌群的数量及变化直接影响青贮饲料发酵品质。短芒大麦草青贮饲料中乳酸菌种类较丰富,筛选得到的戊糖乳杆菌繁殖速度快、产酸能力强同时表现出了较强的耐酸性,具有潜在的生产应用价值,适宜用作促发酵的青贮添加剂菌种。  相似文献   

Aeromonas hydrophila as a causative agent of blue sac fry syndrome in different trout species          下载免费PDF全文

Ş Kayiş  A Er  C Yilmaz  A Düzgün  Ö Köse  I Z Kurtoğlu 《Journal of fish diseases》2015,38(12):1069-1071

  相似文献   

硅烷化表面海洋细菌对厚壳贻贝稚贝附着的影响   总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0  

孙俊杰  张显  郭行磐  陈芋如  沈和定  丁德文  杨金龙 《水产学报》2015,39(10):1530-1538

为探讨厚壳贻贝稚贝对自然微生物膜中海洋细菌的附着行为反应,本论文研究了厚壳贻贝（Mytilus coruscus）稚贝附着与硅烷基化附着基表面、微生物膜密度以及细菌种属系统发育之间的相互关系。研究表明所测海洋细菌均能显著促进厚壳贻贝稚贝的附着;其中Staphylococcus sp. 1和Cobetia sp. 1表现出较低诱导活性,且这两株细菌形成的微生物膜密度与稚贝附着率之间无显著相关性;其他7株海洋细菌均表现出中等程度诱导活性,且所形成的微生物膜密度与稚贝附着率之间呈显著相关性。系统发育分析表明所测海洋细菌对厚壳贻贝稚贝附着的诱导活性与细菌种属无关。因而,硅烷基化表面的海洋附着细菌对厚壳贻贝附着有着显著性促进作用,本研究将为后续开展厚壳贻贝稚贝附着机制奠定了基础。  相似文献   

耐热枸杞新品种‘宁农杞9号’     

戴国礼  曹有龙  雷志荣  焦恩宁  秦垦  周旋 《园艺学报》2015,42(Z2):2975-2976

‘宁农杞9号’是由内蒙古‘宁夏枸杞’生产园中发现的特异性单株经无性扩繁选育成的新品种。具有生长旺盛、自交不亲和、耐热、果粒大、等级率高等特点。平均单果质量1.06 g,纵横径比2.5,果肉厚1.8 mm,平均含籽数32个,鲜干比4.3 ~ 4.7;干果总糖452.8 mg · g-1,枸杞多糖21.4 mg · g-1,甜菜碱8.3 mg · g-1,类胡萝卜素2.245 mg · g-1。适宜在宁夏、青海、甘肃、新疆、内蒙古等宁夏枸杞适生区栽植。  相似文献