日粮添加烟酸对活体外瘤胃发酵和纤维降解的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

赵芸君  孟庆翔 《中国农业大学学报》2006,11(5):46-50

采用体外产气量法,研究了在高水平玉米秸(70%)底物日粮中添加烟酸(0、3和9μg/mL)对瘤胃发酵和纤维降解的影响。结果显示:日粮添加烟酸显著提高了72 h产气量、48 h总挥发酸的浓度、发酵液的羧甲基纤维素酶和木聚糖酶的活性以及72 h干物质、中性洗涤纤维的降解率(P<0.05),而对发酵液的潜在产气量、产气速度、pH、氨态氮浓度、各挥发酸摩尔比、原虫和细菌的数量以及微晶纤维素酶活、酸性洗涤纤维的降解率无显著影响(P>0.05)。随烟酸添加水平的增加,原虫的数量(P=0.082)、潜在产气量(P=0.056)、微晶纤维素酶活(P=0.078)和酸性洗涤纤维的降解率(P=0.093)均呈上升的趋势。添加烟酸3和9μg/mL组的乙酸生成量分别提高5.33%、7.57%,丙酸生成量分别提高5.61%、7.74%,干物质降解率分别提高3.34%、3.37%,中性洗涤纤维降解率分别提高2.69%、2.76%,酸性洗涤纤维降解率分别提高了2.33%、2.41%。体外试验表明:在高水平玉米秸(70%)底物日粮中添加烟酸促进了纤维降解。  相似文献   

日粮添加钛对山羊瘤胃消化代谢的影响     

李宏基  王星所 《河南农业大学学报》1996,30(3):297-301

试验分２个系列研究了日粮中添加铁对山羊瘤胃消化代谢及日增重的影响。系列Ⅰ体内试验结果表明，日粮添加钛不影响瘤胃液ｐＨ值；试验期与对照期相比，瘤胃液氨氮浓度明显升高（Ｐ＜０．０５）；瘤胃液三氯醋酸沉淀蛋白、细菌蛋白及原虫蛋白的含量均显著提高（Ｐ＜０；０５）；添加钦后瘤胃液总挥发性脂肪酸增加，乙酸、丁酸降低，但差异均不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５），而丙酸显著增加（Ｐ＜０．０５），乙酸／丙酸值从对照期的３．１５降至试验期的２．３３（Ｐ＜０．０５），说明添加钛使瘤胃发酵类型趋于丙酸型。添加钛使血清尿素氮明显降低（Ｐ＜０．０５），但对血清总蛋白含量、血糖水平无明显影响（Ｐ＞０．０５）。添加钛能显著提高山羊日增重（Ｐ＜０．０５）。系列Ⅱ体外培养试验结果表明添加钛后人工瘤胃中细菌蛋白、原虫蛋白、氨氮浓度以及挥发性脂肪酸含量等项指标与系列Ⅰ体内试验结果基本一致。  相似文献   

日粮内添加盐穗木对卡拉库尔羊瘤胃内环境的影响     

贾琦珍  赵金香  陶大勇 《饲料工业》2011,32(21)

采用自身对照法试验设计,将9只健康的卡拉库尔公羊分为3组,即对照组、试验组Ⅰ和试验组Ⅱ,研究在日粮中添加盐穗木对卡拉库尔羊瘤胃内环境的影响,结果显示:日粮中添加100 g盐穗木有降低卡拉库尔羊瘤胃液pH值和氨氮(NH3-N)含量的趋势,但盐穗木添加量为200 g时会提高瘤胃液pH值;添加100 g盐穗木可提高瘤胃中菌体蛋白含量,添加量为200 g时会降低菌体蛋白含量;日粮中添加盐穗木对卡拉库尔羊瘤胃液总挥发性脂肪酸(TVFA)含量无影响,有增大乙酸/丙酸比的趋势。  相似文献   

Analysis of methanogenic archaeal communities of rumen fluid and rumen particles from Korean black goats     

Min‐Jung GU  Md. Jahangir ALAM  Seon‐Ho KIM  Che‐Ok JEON  Moon‐Baek CHANG  Young‐Kyoon OH  Sang‐Cheol LEE  Sang‐Suk LEE 《Animal Science Journal》2011,82(5):663-672

Molecular diversity of methanogens in the rumen of Korean black goats was investigated with 16S rRNA gene clone libraries using methanogen‐specific primers. The libraries were composed of rumen fluid‐associated methanogens (FAM) and rumen particle‐associated methanogens (PAM) from rumen‐fistulated Korean black goats. Among the 141 clones of the FAM library, the sequences were mostly related to two phyla, the Methanobacteriaceae family (77.3%) and the Thermoplasmatales family (22.7%); and among the 68 clones of the PAM library, sequences were also mainly clustered in the two phyla, the Thermoplasmatales family (63.24%) and the Methanobacteriaceae family (35.29%). Most of the sequenced clones in the two libraries were closely related to uncultured methanogenic archaeon. Quantitative real‐time PCR revealed that PAM (8.97 log 10) had significantly higher (P < 0.01) density of methanogens by the methanogenic 16S rRNA gene copies than FAM (7.57 log 10). The two clone libraries also showed difference in Shannon index (FAM library 1.70 and PAM library 1.59) and Chao 1 estimator (FAM library 18 and PAM library 17 operational taxonomic units). Apparent differences found in the microbial community from the two 16S rRNA gene libraries could be a result of such factors as the chemical and physical nature of the target material surface, types or component of diets, the interaction between the methanogens and other microbes, and age of the experimental goats.  相似文献   

Fatty acid composition of ruminal bacteria and protozoa,and effect of defaunation on fatty acid profile in the rumen with special reference to conjugated linoleic acid in cattle     

Halima SULTANA  Kenji MIYAZAWA  Shuhei KANDA  Hisao ITABASHI 《Animal Science Journal》2011,82(3):434-440

Objectives of this study were to compare fatty acid (FA) composition of ruminal bacterial (B) and protozoal (P) cells, and to investigate effect of protozoa on FA profile in the rumen of cattle. Three cows were used to prepare ruminal B and P cells. Four faunated and three defaunated cattle (half‐siblings) were used to study effect of protozoa on ruminal FA profile. Proportions of C16:0 and C18:0 in total fatty acids in B cells were 20.7% and 37.4%, whereas those in P cells were 33.4% and 11.6%, respectively. Proportions of trans‐vaccenic acid (VA) and cis‐9, trans‐11 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) in B cells were 3.9% and 1.0%, and those in P cells were 5.5% and 1.6%, respectively, being higher in P cells. Proportions of C18:1, C18:2 and C18:3 in P cells were two to three times higher than in B cells. Proportions of unsaturated fatty acids, VA and CLA in B cells of faunated cattle were higher than those of defaunated. VA and CLA in the ruminal fluid of faunated were also 1.6 to 2.5 times higher than those of defaunated. This tendency was similar for cell‐free fraction of ruminal fluid. These results indicate that protozoa contribute greatly in VA and CLA production in the rumen.  相似文献   

不同NFC/NDF比日粮对奶山羊瘤胃pH值动态变化的影响     

胡红莲  卢德勋  刘大程  石岩  珊丹 《畜牧与饲料科学》2011,(Z1):35-37,40

试验采用动态pH值连续监测记录系统对瘤胃pH值进行24h连续监测,旨在研究不同非纤维性碳水化合物/中性洗涤纤维比(NFC/NDF比)日粮对奶山羊瘤胃pH值昼夜动态变化的影响。选用6只安装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的关中奶山羊作为试验动物,采用自身对照试验设计,分为4期,每期10d,依次饲喂NFC/NDF比分别为1.02(Ⅰ期)、1.24(Ⅱ期)、1.63(Ⅲ期)、2.58(Ⅳ期)的4种日粮。结果表明,瘤胃pH值随着日粮NFC/NDF比增加而显著降低(P<0.05),瘤胃pH值<5.2、5.5、5.8、6.0的平均持续时间亦随日粮NFC/NDF比增加而延长,分别由Ⅰ期的0、0、2.42和9.40h/d增加到Ⅳ期的0.33、7.50、17.06和20.53h/d;瘤胃pH值<5.5、5.8、6.0的曲线面积亦逐步加大,分别由Ⅰ期的0、0.21和1.43(pH·h)增加到Ⅳ期的1.09、4.84和8.59(pH·h);而且瘤胃pH值下降速率和下降幅度及最低值所持续的时间亦随日粮NFC/NDF比增加而增加。  相似文献   

牛瘤胃微生物定量测定方法研究进展     

荆元强  宋恩亮  杨维仁  刘桂芬  谭秀文  万发春 《动物医学进展》2011,32(7):93-96

瘤胃微生物数量测定一直是反刍动物营养的难点之一.传统的定量方法有亨氏滚管法和最大可能计数法(MPN)两种,方法简单,但工作量大,测定结果与实际存在偏差.现代分子定量技术的出现和发展,为瘤胃微生物数量的测定提供了一种新的思路和方法.如核算分子杂交技术、变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)或温度梯度凝胶电泳(TGGE)、定量PCR...  相似文献   

奶牛主要植物性蛋白质饲料蛋白质和纤维物质瘤胃降解率的研究     

赵天章  李慧英  闫素梅 《畜牧与饲料科学》2011,(9):161-164

选用3头安装永久性瘤胃瘘管的健康荷斯坦泌乳奶牛为试验动物,选取8种北方地区奶牛常用蛋白质饲料原料为试验样品,每个样品设3个重复,用尼龙袋法分别测定各个样品的粗蛋白质（CP）、中性洗涤纤维（NDF）和酸性洗涤纤维（ADF）在瘤胃内的动态降解率和有效降解率。结果表明,①所选8种蛋白质饲料原料中葵花粕的粗蛋白质（CP）有效降...  相似文献   

瘤胃纤维素酶来源的微生物及其作用机制   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

郑秋燕  刘旭川  李清 《广东农业科学》2015,42(12):105-110

纤维素酶是一种高效的生物催化剂,在纤维素类物质的利用方面发挥着重要作用.瘤胃来源的纤维素酶是一类能够分解瘤胃中纤维素类物质的酶或酶系,能将纤维素类物质分解成葡萄糖供给动物生长所需.对纤维素进行了概述,分析了瘤胃纤维素酶来源的细菌、真菌和其他微生物种类和分泌的纤维素酶以及瘤胃各类微生物对纤维素的降解过程,并对纤维素酶的种类和降解机理进行了阐述,为进一步研究瘤胃纤维素酶提供参考.  相似文献   

青贮玉米和混合干草对山羊胃肠内环境参数的影响     

王丽  赵健亚  周为琴  郭玉华  赵国琦 《中国畜牧杂志》2006,42(3):41-44

以8只装有永久性瘤胃瘘管和十二指肠近端T型瘘管的徐淮白山羊为试验动物,分为2组,分别饲喂青贮玉米和混合干草,研究山羊瘤胃和十二指肠内环境的昼夜动态变化。结果表明:①混合干草组瘤胃和十二指肠的pH值均极显著(P<0.01)高于青贮玉米组,其日内动态变化都表现出采食后先下降后上升的趋势;②混合干草组瘤胃液氨态氮浓度极显著(P<0.01)高于青贮玉米组,而十二指肠食糜的氨态氮浓度极显著(P<0.01)低于青贮玉米组;③混合干草组瘤胃乙酸浓度显著(P<0.05)高于青贮玉米组,丙酸浓度差异不显著(P>0.05),青贮玉米组丁酸浓度极显著(P<0.01)高于混合干草组;十二指肠液乙酸、丙酸、丁酸浓度青贮玉米组均极显著(P<0.01)高于混合干草组。  相似文献