化学处理对菌糠结构性碳水化合物瘤胃降解率的影响     

姚亮  梁学武  刘庆华  鲍若虹 《中国牛业科学》2001,27(5):10-13

选用 4头装有永久瘤胃瘘管的杂交肉用黄牛 ,采用 4× 4拉丁方设计研究化学处理对菌糠结构性碳水化合物瘤胃降解特性的影响。结果表明 :菌糖经碱化、氨化及氨化 +碱化处理后 ,NDF的动态降解率 ( P)和瘤胃潜在降解部分 ( a+ b)均有不同程度的提高 ,其中以碱化和氨化 +碱化处理效果最好。香菇菌糠经碱化和氨化 +碱化处理后 ,NDF、CEL及 HC的动态降解率 ( P)分别提高 36.30 % ( p<0 .0 5 )、2 0 .43% ( p<0 .0 5 )、1 1 3.1 1 % ( p<0 .0 5 )和 49.2 2 % ( p<0 .0 5 )、1 8.88% ( p<0 .0 5 )、1 1 0 .5 7% ( p<0 .0 5 )。  相似文献   

Regulation of fermentation in a ruminal bacterium, Streptococcus bovis, with special reference to rumen acidosis     

Narito ASANUMA  Tsuneo HINO 《Animal Science Journal》2002,73(5):313-325

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Production of aromatic amino acids and related compounds from p-hydroxyphenylacetic acid by rumen microorganisms in vitro     

Rokibul Islam KHAN  Sada ANDO  Toshihiro TAKAHASHI  Tetsuo MORITA  Ryoji ONODERA 《Animal Science Journal》2003,74(4):313-319

Suspensions of mixed rumen bacteria (B), protozoa (P), and mixed rumen microorganisms (BP) prepared from rumen contents of fistulated goats were anaerobically incubated with 1 mM p‐hydroxyphenylacetic acid (HPA) at 39°C for 24 h. Tyrosine (Tyr), phenylalanine (Phe), tryptophan (Trp) and other related compounds in both supernatants and hydrolyzates of microbial cells in all incubations were analyzed by HPLC. Large amounts of Tyr (32.1, 42.7 and 36.1% of disappeared HPA in B, P and BP, respectively) were produced from HPA during a 12 h incubation period. The formation of Tyr in P (178.6 µmol/g MN) was 1.5 and 2 times higher than in B and BP, respectively. Phe (7–11% of the disappeared HPA) and Trp (3–6% of the disappeared HPA) were also synthesized from HPA in B, P, and BP. Phe synthesis in P (46.3 µmol/g MN) was 1.7 times higher than in B but, in contrast, Trp synthesis in B, was 1.6 times higher than in P. The metabolites p‐hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid (in the range of 5–14% of disappeared HPA), phenylacetic acid (1–11%), p‐hydroxybenzoic acid (3–7%) and benzoic acid (1–6%) were produced from HPA in B, P and BP. Phenylpropionic acid (6% of the disappeared HPA) was produced only in B and BP.  相似文献   

Factors that limit maintenance of recombinant rumen bacterium in sheep rumen     

Yasuo KOBAYASHI  Mayu YAMAMOTO 《Animal Science Journal》2002,73(2):131-136

Factors limiting the maintenance of recombinant ruminal bacterium in the rumen were evaluated in vitro , using batch culture prepared from rumen fluid of sheep. Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens expressing a foreign xylanase gene ( B. fibrisolvens NO4) was used as a tested recombinant that was selectable on an erythromycin-containing agar medium. The recombinant tended to reduce its level slowly in the rumen fluid of sheep on a high hay diet, while its initial decrease was more apparent in the rumen fluid of sheep on a high concentrate diet. Incubation with cell-free ruminal fluid revealed a significant decrease of inoculated recombinant, suggesting the presence of antibacterial factors limiting maintenance of the recombinant. In particular, during the first 12 h of incubation this inhibition was more notable in culture prepared from rumen fluid of sheep given the high concentrate diet. Autoclaving the cell-free rumen fluid inactivated the inhibition. Numbers of the recombinant for inoculation did not influence the final level of survived recombinant, that is, the initial depression was larger as more recombinant was inoculated. Subculturing with xylan before inoculation and/or direct addition of xylan to the batch culture did not improve survival of the recombinant. From these results it is suggested that the level of survived recombinant is limited to 10^2–4/mL of in vitro batch culture with restricted energy supply and that initial depression of the recombinant is mainly caused by the heat-sensitive antibacterial factors not associating with microbial cells in the rumen.  相似文献   

乳酸菌复合系和植物乳杆菌提高柳枝稷青贮效果   总被引：1，自引：4，他引：1  

刘晶晶  高丽娟  师建芳  王小芬  袁旭峰  崔宗均 《农业工程学报》2015,31(9):295-302

该文旨在探讨接种乳酸菌复合系SGL和植物乳杆菌（Lactobacillus plantarum）对柳枝稷青贮效果的影响。以营养生长阶段的柳枝稷为原料,分别接种1 OD600/kg 鲜质量的SGL和Lactobacillus Plantarum,以不接菌的处理作为对照。在发酵第3、10、20和30天开罐取样进行检测分析发酵饲料品质,通过短期人工瘤胃技术测定体外瘤胃发酵参数的变化,并运用高通量测序技术分析原料和青贮料的细菌多样性。结果表明：接种乳酸菌复合系SGL和Lactobacillus Plantarum均能有效抑制Enterobacter和Clostridium,使Lactobacillus成为控制发酵的优势菌,加快青贮过程中pH值的下降速率,提高柳枝稷青贮饲料品质,并提高柳枝稷青贮料的瘤胃发酵效果,复合菌系SGL比纯培养的Lactobacillus Plantarum的效果更突出。  相似文献   

日粮与缓冲液pH对奶牛瘤胃液CLA含量的影响          下载免费PDF全文

薛秀恒  王菊花  王志耕 《西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版)》2011,39(2):75-79

【目的】研究体外培养条件下日粮与缓冲液pH对奶牛瘤胃液共轭亚油酸(CLA)含量的影响,筛选能提高奶牛瘤胃CLA含量的最佳条件。【方法】选择日粮中粗料比例、精料中植物油种类及比例、棉粕质量分数与豆粕质量分数比值(以下简称棉粕与豆粕比例)、缓冲液pH值、硫酸铜作为影响因素,采用五因素二次正交旋转组合设计,对泌乳荷斯坦奶牛瘤胃液进行体外培养,测定奶牛瘤胃中CLA含量。【结果】各因素对CLA含量的影响作用从大到小依次为:pH值平方项>粗料比例>植物油种类及其比例平方项(达1%显著水平)>粗料比例与pH值交互项(达2.5%显著水平)>棉粕与豆粕比例平方项>pH值(达5%显著水平)。在其他条件一定时,日粮中添加5%葵花籽油、粗料比例为70%、棉粕与豆粕质量分数分别为14%与11%、pH值为7.0时,奶牛瘤胃液CLA的含量最高。【结论】日粮中粗料比例、植物油种类及其比例、缓冲液pH值、棉粕与豆粕比例是影响奶牛瘤胃液CLA含量的主要因素,筛选得到了提高奶牛瘤胃中CLA含量的最佳条件。  相似文献   

反刍动物脲酶抑制剂的研究进展   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

李杰  葛蔚 《东北农业大学学报》2004,35(1):119-122

尿素作为非蛋白氮饲料直接饲喂动物 ,在瘤胃中分解速度快于微生物利用速度 ,这不仅降低尿素利用效率 ,而且容易造成氨中毒。脲酶抑制剂可以降低尿素的分解速度 ,提高尿素利用效率。文章就目前国内外各种瘤胃脲酶抑制剂对动物瘤胃尿素分解速度、氨浓度、营养物质利用及对动物生产性能的影响进行了综述。  相似文献   

山羊瘤胃微生物宏基因组文库中一个新型纤维素酶 基因的克隆与表达     

姜海琴  程建波  王力生  李吕木  范彩云 《安徽农业大学学报》2015,42(2):209-212

通过功能筛选方法,从安徽白山羊瘤胃微生物宏基因组文库中筛选得到了6个纤维素酶的阳性克隆。对其中的1个阳性克隆进一步进行亚克隆和序列分析,获得一个新型纤维素酶基因开放阅读框,通过BLAST对基因全序列进行分析比较,发现其与来自Bacteroides cellulosilyticus DSM 14838的hypothetical protein具有51%的序列相似性和65%的同源性。并以p ET28a(+)为载体、Escherichia coli BL21(DE3)为宿主菌,对新型酶基因进行高效重组表达,并对该酶表达条件进行优化。  相似文献   

不同底物下瘤胃真菌发酵特性及对粗料的附着     

孙云章  毛胜勇  姚文  朱伟云 《华中农业大学学报》2007,26(5):646-650

采用体外法研究了不同精粗比底物下(A组为全粗料,B组3∶7,C组5∶5,D组7∶3,E组为全精料)瘤胃真菌发酵特性及其对粗饲料(稻草秸)的附着情况。发酵试验结果表明:随底物精料比例的增加,同一时间点真菌数量呈上升趋势,A组到E组发酵96 h的累计产气量显著上升,分别为177.2 mL、198.2 mL、217.4 mL2、33.4 mL和251.5 mL,提示底物中精料比例的增加能促进瘤胃真菌的生长和发酵。此外,随底物精料比例的增加,羧甲基纤维素酶和α-淀粉酶酶活呈上升趋势,木聚糖酶酶活则呈下降趋势。稻草秸附着结果表明:不同发酵时期底物精粗比对附着于稻草秸的瘤胃真菌数量有很大影响。发酵前期(24 h),精料组(B组、C组和D组)附着于稻草秸表面的真菌孢子囊数显著高于粗料组(A组)。发酵后期(72 h),A组和B组附着于稻草秸表面和切缘的孢子囊数高于C组和D组,A组和B组附着于稻草秸表面和切缘的孢子囊数与48 h相比无显著变化,而C组和D组附着于稻草秸表面和切缘的孢子囊数显著下降。这种附着差异可能与不同精粗比底物提供的能量和附着位点不同有关。  相似文献   

稻草添加羟甲基尿素对冬季舍饲水牛瘤胃氮代谢的影响     

孙镇平  陈杰  韩正康 《南京农业大学学报》1996,(3)

４头装有长久性气垫式瘤胃瘘管和临时性颈静脉血管插管的雄性水牛冬季舍饲，以稻草为日粮（对照），试验期每头牛添喂羟甲基尿素（ＦＤＵ）８０ｇ／ｄ和混合精料１ｋｇ／ｄ。添喂ＦＤＵ和混合精料后，水牛瘤胃液ｐＨ明显下降（Ｐ＜０．００１），瘤胃液稀释率提高４４．２６９％（Ｐ＜０．００１），容积有所增加。氨氮（ＮＨ３－Ｎ）一昼夜平均增加８３．３４％（Ｐ＜０．００１），微生物蛋白增加６２．８８％（Ｐ＜０．００１），血清尿素氮浓度提高９５．１３％（Ｐ＜０．００１）。表明水牛冬季饲喂稻草添喂ＦＤＵ和少量精料，能明显改善瘤胃氮代谢。  相似文献