脾酪氨酸激酶参与酿酒酵母甘露聚糖诱导绵羊瘤胃上皮细胞β-防御素-1(SBD-1)的表达     

金鑫  张曼  杨银凤 《畜牧兽医学报》2019,(5):1082-1090

为了探索脾酪氨酸激酶(Syk)是否参与酿酒酵母甘露聚糖(S.c M)诱导绵羊瘤胃上皮细胞(ORECs)β-防御素-1(SBD-1)表达的过程,首先利用免疫组化、RT-PCR和免疫荧光等方法检测Syk在ORECs内的表达情况;然后采用qPCR和Western blot方法检测S.c M刺激ORECs后Syk的表达变化,同时用Western blot方法检测Syk的磷酸化水平;接着用3条Syk特异性siRNAs(#1、#2和#3)转染ORECs 24 h后,qPCR检测Syk mRNA的表达变化,筛选出干扰效果最佳的Syk siRNA;最后用效果最佳的siRNA和Syk特异性抑制剂R406分别处理ORECs后,采用qPCR和ELISA检测SBD-1的表达变化,以确定Syk在S.c M诱导SBD-1表达过程中的作用。结果显示:Syk在ORECs内表达;且S.c M刺激ORECs后Syk的mRNA和蛋白表达水平显著高于未刺激组(P<0.01或P<0.05),S.c M刺激ORECs不同时间(5、15、30、45和60 min)均能使Syk发生磷酸化,且刺激15 min后磷酸化水平达到最大(P<0.01);此外,Syk的3条特异性siRNAs转染ORECs后Syk的表达均降低,且Syk siRNA#2的抑制效果最明显(P<0.01);同时Syk siRNA#2和R406均能极显著降低S.c M诱导ORECs SBD-1的表达(P<0.01)。上述结果表明,Syk参与S.c M诱导ORECs SBD-1的表达。  相似文献   

Effects of different forage combinations in total mixed rations on in vitro gas production kinetics,ruminal and milk fatty acid profiles of lactating cows          下载免费PDF全文

Sarvvl Bai  Zhi‐Jun Cao  Bin‐Bin Cao  Hong‐Jian Yang  Sheng‐Li Li  Jian‐Xin Liu 《Animal Science Journal》2018,89(9):1261-1270

This study aimed to determine the effects of different forage combinations on in vitro gas production (GP) kinetics, ruminal and milk fatty acid profiles. Forty‐five lactating cows were randomly arranged into three groups and fed three total mixed rations (TMRs) with different forage combinations: TMR1, 23% alfalfa hay, 7% Chinese wild ryegrass hay and 15% whole corn silage; TMR2, 30% corn stover plus 15% whole corn silage; TMR3, 30% rice straw plus 15% whole corn silage. In vitro dry matter disappearance ranked: TMR1 > TMR2 > TMR3, and highest cumulative GP and asymptotic GP occurred in TMR1 while no difference occurred between TMR2 and TMR3. The average GP rate ranked: TMR1 > TMR2 > TMR3. TMR1 in comparison with TMR2 and TMR3 presented lower rumen contents of acetate and butyrate and greater rumen contents of propionate, valerate, C13:0, C14:0, C15:0, C18:1cis‐9, C18:2n‐6, C18:3n‐3, C20:0 and C22:0 as well as milk C18:2n‐6 and C18:3n‐3 proportions. Transfer efficiencies of C18:2n‐6 and C18:3n‐3 from diet to milk ranked: TMR1 > TMR2 > TMR3. The findings suggest TMRs containing alfalfa hay and Chinese wild ryegrass hay in comparison with corn stover or rice straw improve rumen fermentation and transfer efficiency of C18:2n‐6 and C18:3n‐3.  相似文献   

3-硝基酯-1-丙醇抑制反刍动物瘤胃甲烷排放的机理及对动物的影响     

高健  冯丹  王梦芝  倪俊芬  陈前岭 《动物营养学报》2016,(5):1353-1360

反刍动物甲烷的排放既造成饲料能量的浪费,也会加剧全球变暖作用。在反刍动物瘤胃中,产甲烷菌主要利用二氧化碳转化产生甲烷。产甲烷菌转化二氧化碳的最后一步反应需要甲基辅酶M还原酶参与,3-硝基酯-1-丙醇(3-nitrooxypropanol,3-NOP)是一种甲基辅酶M类似物,能与辅酶B结合,从而减少甲基辅酶M与辅酶B结合生成甲烷,因此3-NOP能有效地降低瘤胃甲烷的产生。本文旨在阐明3-NOP抑制反刍动物瘤胃甲烷产生的机制以及对反刍动物生产的影响。  相似文献   

瘤胃中乳酸的代谢及其调控机制     

陈连民  王洪荣 《草业科学》2016,33(5):972-980

有关瘤胃酸中毒发生机制研究表明,瘤胃乳酸的累积可能对酸中毒诱导起重要作用,而高精料日粮下瘤胃乳酸累积主要取决于瘤胃乳酸产生菌和乳酸利用菌间的平衡程度。本文综述了瘤胃微生物对乳酸的代谢机制,包括主要乳酸产生菌[溶纤维丁酸弧菌(Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens)、牛链球菌(Streptococcus bovis)、乳酸杆菌(Lactobacillus)]和主要乳酸利用菌[反刍兽新月单胞菌(Selenomonus ruminantium)、埃氏巨型球菌(Megasphaera elsdenii)],并简要概述了酸中毒的调控方法,旨在为反刍动物瘤胃酸中毒的乳酸中毒机制深入解析提供参考。  相似文献   

混贮模式对高丹草青贮发酵品质及体外产气动力学特性的影响     

梁欢  刘贵波  吴佳海  曾兵  李源  游永亮  赵海明 《草业学报》2016,25(4):188-196

为了解决高丹草因水分高造成青贮发酵品质不佳的问题,通过添加不同种类干草(玉米秸秆、小麦秸秆和苜蓿干草)及干草添加量(12.5,25.0,37.5和50.0kg/t)对混贮高丹草营养价值、青贮发酵品质及体外产气动力学特性进行了研究。结果表明,单独青贮高丹草的丁酸含量较高,弗氏评分等级仅为"可",添加干草混贮可显著提高青贮高丹草的发酵品质,从添加干草的种类来看,添加小麦秸秆组青贮发酵品质最高,添加苜蓿干草组营养价值最高,苜蓿干草组的体外72h干物质消失率(IVDMD)、产气速率(c)和达到最大产气量1/2时的产气速率(AGPR)均为最高,3种干草在72h累积产气量、理论最大产气量以及产气延滞时期方面差异不显著(P0.05);从干草的添加量来看,添加25.0kg/t干草的青贮发酵品质最优,达到产气量1/2所需要时间也最长,添加50.0kg/t干草的营养价值和IVDMD最高,添加37.5kg/t干草的产气速率和AGPR最大,添加不同重量干草对混贮高丹草的72h累积产气量、理论最大产气量以及产气延滞时期无显著影响(P0.05)。综合考虑青贮发酵品质和饲料营养价值,得出最佳的混贮模式为在高丹草中添加37.5kg/t小麦秸秆,添加50.0kg/t苜蓿干草混贮高丹草的体外干物质消失率最高,添加37.5kg/t苜蓿干草组产气速率最快,添加50.0kg/t小麦秸秆组的72h累积产气量和理论最大产气量最高。  相似文献   

浅析牛青贮饲料中毒的防治     

张震  徐照学  贺文杰  辛小玲  魏成斌  徐泽君 《中国牛业科学》2004,30(1):54-55,63

青贮是一种优质的青绿多汁饲料,是草食家畜主要粗饲料之一;但是在生产中由于管理不当,饲喂不合理,极易引起中毒发生。本文从不同的方面分析了引起青贮饲料中毒的原因,指出了合理化的预防措施;同时笔者根据在生产中的治疗体会,提出了行之有效的治疗方案。  相似文献   

Evaluation of the optimal strong ion difference concentration of an oral electrolyte and buffering solution for the treatment of neonatal calf diarrhea     

Lea KRUMP  Ríona G. SAYERS  Emer KENNEDY  Jim O&#x;MAHONY  Gearid P. SAYERS 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2021,83(11):1715

An observational study was conducted to comparatively assess the efficacy of three different oral rehydration and buffering solutions, differentiated by their strong ion difference (SID) concentration, for treatment of neonatal calves with naturally acquired diarrhea. The SID concentrations tested were 100 mM, 170 mM and 230 mM for treatments SID₁₀₀, SID₁₇₀ and SID₂₃₀, respectively. Clinical assessment and blood gas analysis were completed for 18 diarrheic calves once pre- and twice post- (6 and 24 hr after) oral administration with one of the three treatments. A repeated measure mixed model approach was used to analyze (a) the within-group efficacy of each treatment over time and (b) the between-group comparison at each timepoint. SID₂₃₀ treatment resulted in a significant increase in blood pH, HCO₃⁻, BE, SID and Na⁺ at 6 and 24 hr after treatment, and a significant decrease in AG and K⁺ by 24 hr after treatment. There were no significant changes in any of the blood gas parameters after treatment with SID₁₀₀ and SID₁₇₀. SID₂₃₀ treatment also resulted in blood gas parameter changes that were significantly different to the other two groups. These results suggest that the optimum SID concentration for the treatment of calves with diarrhea is likely to be higher than current recommendations.  相似文献   

Effects of dietary forage to concentrate ratio and wildrye length on nutrient intake,digestibility, plasma metabolites,ruminal fermentation and fecal microflora of male Chinese Holstein calves     

Chuan-qi XIA  Aziz-Ur-Rahman Muhammad  Wen-jing NIU  Tao-qi SHAO  Qing-hua QIU  Huawei SU  Bing-hai CAO 《农业科学学报》2018,17(2):415-427

Twenty-eight male, weaned Chinese Holstein calves((156.8±33.4) kg) were used to investigate the effects of dietary forage to concentrate ratio(F:C) and forage length on nutrient digestibility, plasma metabolites, ruminal fermentation, and fecal microflora. Animals were randomly allocated to four treatments in a 2×2 factorial arrangement: whole-length forage(WL) with low F:C(50:50); WL with high F:C(65:35); short-length forage(SL) with high F:C(65:35); and SL with low F:C(50:50). Chinese wildrye was used as the only forage source in this trial. The grass in the SL treatments was chopped using a chaff cutter to achieve small particle size(~50% particles 19 mm). Dry matter intake(DMI) and organic matter(OM) intake was increased by increasing both F:C(P0.01) and forage length(FL)(P0.05), while acid detergent fiber(ADF) and neutral detergent fiber(NDF) intakes were only increased by increasing the F:C(P0.01). The digestibility of NDF was increased as the FL increased(P0.01), and it was also affected by interaction between F:C and FL(P0.05). Cholesterol(CHO)(P0.01), leptin(LP)(P0.05), and growth hormone(GH)(P0.01) concentrations in plasma were increased as dietary F:C increased. A significant increase in plasma triglyceride(TG)(P0.01), insulin(INS)(P0.05), and GH(P0.01) levels was observed with decreasing dietary FL. Ruminal p H values of calves fed with low F:C diets were significantly lower than those in high F:C treatment(P0.05). Increasing the F:C enhanced ruminal acetic acid(P0.05) and acetic acid/propionic acid(P0.01). Fecal Lactobacillus content was significantly higher, while Escherichia coli and Salmonella contents were significantly lower in WL and high F:C groups(P0.05). Lower fecal scores(higher diarrhea rate) were observed in calves fed with SL hay compared to WL hay(P0.05). Denatured gradient gel electrophoresis(DGGE) bands and richness index(S) were significantly affected by the interaction between F:C and FL(P0.05), under high F:C, band numbers and richness index from WL group were higher than that from SL group(P0.05), whereas there were no differences between WL andSL groups under low F:C(P0.05). Microflora similarity was 50–73% among the different treatments. It is concluded that the WL with high F:C(65:35) diet is suitable for weaned calves.  相似文献   

瘤胃尼龙袋法测定常用饲料过瘤胃淀粉量及淀粉瘤胃降解率   总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14  

任莹  赵胜军  卢德勋  李宏 《动物营养学报》2004,16(1):42-46

以9头装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的内蒙古半细毛羯羊为试验动物,采用尼龙袋法对玉米淀粉、玉米、麸皮、豆粕、麻粕、棉籽粕、苜蓿干草、羊草、肋麦野豌豆、玉米秸等10种常用饲料的过瘤胃淀粉量及淀粉瘤胃降解率进行了比较研究。结果表明,各种饲料的过瘤胃淀粉量(g/kg)依次为417.85、404.84、226.31、62.04、110.56、108.61、73.50、50.87、47.55、24.43;其淀粉瘤胃降解率%依次为60.95、50.47、61.70、80.19、65.57、61.01、53.15、64.23、70.40、73.65。  相似文献   

Degradation characteristics of conventional and unconventional roughage in the rumen of dairy cows     

LIU Xiang-sheng  DENG Bo-bo  WANG Kuo-peng  FENG Li-mei  ZHAO Guo-qi  LIN Miao 《草业学报》2008,29(11):190

  相似文献