3种瘤胃疾病对肉牛瘤胃内环境的影响     

万春云  杨为为  蔡召俊 《福建农林大学学报(自然科学版)》2012,41(2):163-165

为探讨肉牛瘤胃疾病对瘤胃内环境的影响,采集患病肉牛瘤胃液进行pH、纤毛虫数量和活力的测定,并镜检瘤胃切片.结果表明,肉牛患瘤胃疾病时,一般引起瘤胃液pH降低,酸中毒时,均值为5.03,纤毛虫活力明显减弱,数量显著下降,最低纤毛虫数量为0.病理切片结果显示,主要的病变为瘤胃出血、充血,炎性细胞浸润和固有膜损伤.可见,肉牛瘤胃疾病能极大地影响瘤胃内环境,进而影响牛的健康.  相似文献   

纤维素酶高产菌的筛选鉴定及纤维素酶基因的克隆与表达     

刘海艳  白龙  赵海波  杨明明  曹斌云 《中国农业大学学报》2012,17(5):92-98

为寻找新纤维素酶和纤维素酶基因资源,以羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)改良的BHM培养基筛选菌株,经初筛和复筛筛选出目的菌株后,采用革兰氏染色法和16SrDNA基因片段比对法对筛选出的菌株进行鉴定;设计引物对P扩增其纤维素酶基因,连于pET-28a(+)载体构建原核表达载体并转入大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)进行表达,表达结果采用SDS-PAGE和测定表达产物活性的方法来检验。结果显示,本研究成功筛选出一株新的具有较高纤维素酶活的短小芽孢杆菌BY-1,该菌所产纤维素酶具有较好的热稳定性和酸碱稳定性,最适宜温度和pH分别为55℃和7.45,在此条件下最高酶活性为0.921 6μmol/(mL.min);此外,还成功克隆出1个1 851bp的纤维素酶新基因bglC-BY,具有GH9/CBM3纤维素酶结构,经IPTG诱导,SDS-PAGE图谱上于70ku有1个明显的蛋白条带,表达产物酶活性为0.541 3μmol/(mL.min)。本研究筛选出的短小芽孢杆菌内切纤维素酶活较高,具有一定的应用前景。  相似文献   

不同酸度的乳酸菌饲料添加剂对6月龄梅花鹿消化率及小肠微生物氮流量的影响     

张晓勇 《饲料工业》2012,33(17):48-52

试验通过研究不同酸度的乳酸菌添加剂对6月龄梅花鹿的采食量、氮平衡、消化率以及小肠微生物氮流量的影响,确定乳酸菌添加剂在梅花鹿饲喂中的适宜酸度。结果表明:添加不同酸度的乳酸菌可明显提高梅花鹿对DM、OM、CF、CP以及氮采食量(P<0.05),其中以未调酸的乳酸菌组各种营养成分采食量最高;DM、OM、CF采食量,各组间差异显著(P<0.05),氮的采食量,除调酸组与未调酸组间差异不显著外(P>0.05),其余各组间差异显著(P<0.05)。不同酸度的乳酸菌饲料添加剂可提高梅花鹿DOM、DCF、氮沉积以及小肠微生物氮流量,未调酸组的DOM、DCF、氮沉积以及小肠微生物氮流量显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。  相似文献   

紫云英还田方式对烟田土壤微生物及酶的影响   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

肖嫩群  沈宝明  谭周进  张祺玲  肖和艾  张杨珠 《核农学报》2010,24(1):130-135

为探明紫云英不同还田方式对土壤生物学特性的影响,选择合理的还田方式,通过定位试验进行了全层翻耕紫云英覆盖、全层翻耕紫云英深埋和全层翻耕紫云英不还田3种方法对烟草不同生育期的土壤微生物数量、微生物活度和酶活性的影响研究。结果表明:在烟草生育期内,好气性细菌数量呈现前期急速下降,中期缓慢上升,后期稍微波动的趋势,深埋处理都略高于覆盖处理;真菌数量整体呈现上升趋势,紫云英覆盖前期可显著增加真菌数量,深埋对真菌数量影响不大;放线菌数量紫云英还田处理呈现前期下降,中期急速上升,后期缓慢上升的趋势。土壤微生物活度则先下降再持续上升,至烟草成熟期,紫云英覆盖紫云英深埋不还田。土壤纤维素酶活性以旺长期为分界点,表现为前期增加、后期下降的特点,紫云英还田高于不还田;土壤脲酶活性呈现先迅速下降,再缓慢上升,再急速上升的趋势,以紫云英深埋处理的脲酶活性最高;土壤蛋白酶和过氧化氢酶的活性在烟草生育期的变化不大,都表现为早期稍微下降,以后趋于平缓,以紫云英深埋的酶活性较高。土壤生物学综合评价表明,采用全层翻耕紫云英深埋(1500kg/667m2)更利于提高土壤质量。  相似文献   

丁酸钠植物精油复合制剂对南美白对虾生长性能、致病性弧菌和非特异性免疫的影响     

钱希逸  李慧  徐亚飞  杨彩梅 《水产养殖》2022,(1):14-20

研究丁酸钠植物精油复合制剂对南美白对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)生长性能、肠道微生物及非特异性免疫的影响.试验分为2组,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组饲喂基础日粮+2.5 kg/t 丁酸钠植物精油复合制剂.结果显示,相比对照组,试验组南美白对虾增长率提高11.73％(P＜0.01),质量增加率提高13.5...  相似文献   

稀释率对新型固液气分流式瘤胃模拟系统发酵效果的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

包万华  王加启  卜登攀  姜雅慧  金恩望  雒秋江 《动物营养学报》2013,25(7)

本试验旨在研究稀释率对新型固液气分流式瘤胃模拟系统发酵效果的影响.采用单因子完全随机试验设计,共设4个处理,各处理稀释率分别为6％/h、8％/h、10％/h、12％/h,每个处理3个重复,每个重复1个发酵罐.试验期10 d.结果表明:随着稀释率的提高,发酵液pH极显著提高(P＜0.01),而氨态氮(NH3-N)浓度则极显著降低(P＜0.01).稀释率由6％/h上升到10％/h,总挥发性脂肪酸(TVFA)及戊酸浓度极显著下降(P＜0.01).稀释率从6％/h提高到8％/h时,原虫数量极显著提高了6.91％ (P ＜0.01),但当稀释率从8％/h提高到12％/h时,原虫数量却极显著下降了5.18％ (P ＜0.01).随着稀释率从6％/h增加到10％/h,木聚糖酶活性(P＜0.01)及微生物蛋白质(MCP)产量(P＜0.05)显著或极显著降低,粗蛋白质体外消失率极显著升高(P＜0.01).稀释率为10％/h和12％/h的2个处理,中性洗涤纤维体外消失率显著高于另外2个处理(P＜0.05).结果提示,稀释率能够影响新型固液气分流式瘤胃模拟系统的发酵情况,稀释率为8％/h时,原虫数量以及纤维素类酶活性、各瘤胃发酵参数更加有利于发酵,因此可推荐作为本系统最优运行条件.  相似文献   

Effect of Organic Fertilizer and Effective Microorganisms on Growth,Yield and Quality of Paddy-Rice Varieties     

《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(1):269-273

Summary

The effect of an organic fertilizer inoculated with Effective Microorganisms (EM) on the growth, yield and quality of 13 paddy-rice varieties varying with maturation period was studied. EM inoculation increased kernel enlargement after the panicle formation stage and also increased ear number and length and kernel number. The yield of brown rice from EM inoculation was higher for the standard fertilizer rate and lower for the higher rate of organic fertilizer. EM inoculation increased the glutinousness and the total quality index of glutinous rice varieties. Under 1993 weather conditions, early and medium-ripening non-glutinous varieties and glutinous varieties were suitable for nature farming with EM-inoculated organic fertilizer.  相似文献   

Effects of the ruminal comminution rate and microbial contamination of particles on accuracy of in situ estimates of ruminal degradability and intestinal digestibility of feedstuffs     

J. M. Arroyo  J. González 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2013,97(1):109-118

Effects of considering the comminution rate (k_c) and the correction of microbial contamination (using ¹⁵N techniques) of particles in the rumen on estimates of ruminally undegraded fractions and their intestinal digestibility were examined generating composite samples (from rumen‐incubated residues) representative of the undegraded feed rumen outflow. The study used sunflower meal (SFM) and Italian ryegrass hay (RGH) and three rumen and duodenum cannulated wethers fed with a 40:60 RGH to concentrate diet (75 g DM/kgBW^0.75). Transit studies up to the duodenum with Yb‐SFM and Eu‐RGH marked samples showed higher k_c values (/h) in SFM than in RGH (0.577 vs. 0.0892, p = 0.034), whereas similar values occurred for the rumen passage rate (k_p). Estimates of ruminally undegraded and intestinal digestibility of all tested fractions decreased when k_c was considered and also applying microbial correction. Thus, microbial uncorrected k_p‐based proportions of intestinal digested undegraded crude protein overestimated those corrected and k_c?k_p‐based by 39% in SFM (0.146 vs. 0.105) and 761% in RGH (0.373 vs. 0.0433). Results show that both k_c and microbial contamination correction should be considered to obtain accurate in situ estimates in grasses, whereas in protein concentrates not considering k_c is an important source of error.  相似文献   

Effects of replacing dietary starch with neutral detergent–soluble fibre on ruminal fermentation,microbial synthesis and populations of ruminal cellulolytic bacteria using the rumen simulation technique (RUSITEC)     

X. H. Zhao  C. J. Liu  Y. Liu  C. Y. Li  J. H. Yao 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2013,97(6):1161-1169

A rumen simulation technique (RUSITEC) apparatus with eight 800 ml fermenters was used to investigate the effects of replacing dietary starch with neutral detergent–soluble fibre (NDSF) by inclusion of sugar beet pulp in diets on ruminal fermentation, microbial synthesis and populations of ruminal cellulolytic bacteria. Experimental diets contained 12.7, 16.4, 20.1 or 23.8% NDSF substituted for starch on a dry matter basis. The experiment was conducted over two independent 15‐day incubation periods with the last 8 days used for data collection. There was a tendency that 16.4% NDSF in the diet increased the apparent disappearance of organic matter (OM) and neutral detergent fibre (NDF). Increasing dietary NDSF level increased carboxymethylcellulase and xylanase activity in the solid fraction and apparent disappearance of acid detergent fibre (ADF) but reduced the 16S rDNA copy numbers of Ruminococcus albus in both liquid and solid fractions and R. flavefaciens in the solid fraction. The apparent disappearance of dietary nitrogen (N) was reduced by 29.6% with increased dietary NDSF. Substituting NDSF for starch appeared to increase the ratios of acetate/propionate and methane/volatile fatty acids (VFA) (mol/mol). Replacing dietary starch with NDSF reduced the daily production of ammonia‐N and increased the growth of the solid‐associated microbial pellets (SAM). Total microbial N flow and efficiency of microbial synthesis (EMS), expressed as g microbial N/kg OM fermented, tended to increase with increased dietary NDSF, but the numerical increase did not continue as dietary NDSF exceeded 20.1% of diet DM. Results suggested that substituting NDSF for starch up to 16.4% of diet DM increased digestion of nutrients (except for N) and microbial synthesis, and further increases (from 16.4% to 23.8%) in dietary NDSF did not repress microbial synthesis but did significantly reduce digestion of dietary N.  相似文献   

土壤微生物发酵液对猪苓菌丝生长的影响     

廉冬  徐梦馨  马珍璐 《西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版)》2019,47(10):80-86

【目的】研究土壤微生物发酵液对猪苓菌丝生长发育及胞外多糖质量浓度的影响,为其大规模人工栽培提供技术支持。【方法】从猪苓生活的土壤中分离微生物(细菌、放线菌、真菌),通过平板试验,筛选对猪苓菌丝或菌核生长有促进作用的菌株;用筛选出的微生物发酵液培养猪苓,以不添加发酵液的培养基为对照,比较不同发酵液处理对猪苓菌丝生物量及胞外多糖质量浓度的影响。【结果】平板培养中,细菌L2、L3、L5、L9处理菌丝均有分泌物出现;随着培养时间延长,菌丝颜色逐渐变黄变褐,除L2外,其余细菌菌株处理猪苓均有菌核生成;放线菌A14处理猪苓菌丝生长速度较快,但与对照差异不显著;真菌P3处理猪苓菌丝生长速度与对照相比显著提高。在液体培养基中,真菌P4发酵液可显著提高猪苓菌丝生物量,菌丝体干质量达7.67 g/L;放线菌A3发酵液处理猪苓菌丝胞外多糖质量浓度最高,达0.133 g/L。【结论】从土壤中筛选出了能够促进猪苓菌丝生长发育、提高猪苓胞外多糖质量浓度的菌株。  相似文献