闽南海区休渔前后张网作业渔获物组成比较分析   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

刘勇  洪明进  叶泉土 《福建水产》2008,(4)

本文主要根据2008年闽南海区张网作业渔业资源监测资料,对休渔前后（4月和8月）张网作业渔获物组成进行比较分析。结果表明：2008年休渔前后都以捕经济种类幼鱼为主。4月带鱼、二长棘鲷、刺鲳、鲐鱼、中华管鞭虾等主要经济种类渔获重量占总渔获物重量69．6％,其中带鱼幼鱼数量最多,占总渔获数量的26．2％（每网渔获尾数744ind）,居第一位;且个体极小,基本上全为幼鱼,平均体重8．1g。8月带鱼、二长棘鲷、短尾大眼鲷、叫姑鱼、白姑鱼、须赤虾等主要经济种类渔获重量占总渔获物重量50．9％。带鱼数量明显减少（每网渔获尾数226ind）,但个体增大,肛长140mm以上占63．6％,平均体重54．5g,比4月增加46．4g。并结合2004、2007年有关资料,较为详细说明休渔前（4月）张网作业对近岸经济幼鱼、幼体损害比休渔结束后（8月）严重,通过休渔对带鱼等经济种类幼鱼资源起了一定保护作用。  相似文献   

A preliminary study on the utilization of hazelnut meal as a substitute for fish meal in diets of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.)     

Y&#;lmaz Emre  Hüseyin Sevgili  & Murat &#;anl&#; 《Aquaculture Research》2008,39(3):324-328

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Effect of dietary supplemental l‐carnitine on growth performance,body composition and antioxidant status in juvenile black sea bream,Sparus macrocephalus     

J.J. MA  Z.R. XU  Q.J. SHAO  J.Z. XU  SILAS S. O. HUNG  W.L. HU  L.Y. ZHUO 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2008,14(5):464-471

Effects of dietary l ‐carnitine were studied in juvenile black sea bream (Sparus macrocephalus). The semipurified basal diet [crude protein 450 g kg^?1 dry matter (DM); crude lipid 126 g kg^?1 DM] was formulated to choose white fishmeal as the protein source and fish oil plus corn oil (1 : 1) as the lipid source. Six diets (control + diets 1–5) containing 0.1, 0.12, 0.16, 0.24, 0.39 and 1.1 g of l ‐carnitine kg^?1 diet were fed to triplicate groups of black sea bream (initial weight 13.10 ± 0.05 g) for 8 weeks. At the end of the feeding trial, growth performance, body composition and antioxidant status were determined. The results showed that relative growth rate (RGR) was significantly improved by the elevation of dietary l ‐carnitine level from 0.1 to 0.24 g kg^?1, but decreased with further increment (P < 0.05). Lipid content decreased significantly (P < 0.05) in the dorsal muscle whereas increased (P < 0.05) in the liver with the addition of dietary l ‐carnitine. Dietary l ‐carnitine supplements elevated enzymatic antioxidants (superoxide dismutase, SOD; catalase, CAT; glutathione‐S‐transferase, GST) activities (P < 0.05) yet decreased the content of non‐enzymatic factor, total sulphydryl groups (TSH) (P < 0.05). In summary, the optimum dietary l ‐carnitine level was 0.284 g kg^?1 diet by second‐polynomial regression analysis based on RGR (y = ?647.4x² +367.97x + 234.55; R² = 0.977, x = dietary l ‐carnitine levels, y = RGR), and dietary l ‐carnitine addition within the levels adopted in our study could depress lipid peroxidation in tissues of juvenile black sea bream.  相似文献   

Effects of dietary caffeine on growth,body composition,somatic indexes,and cerebral distribution of acetyl‐cholinesterase and nitric oxide synthase in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata), reared in winter temperature     

S. CHATZIFOTIS  F. KOKOU  K. AMPATZIS  I.E. PAPADAKIS  P. DIVANACH  C.R. DERMON 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2008,14(5):405-415

This study aims at examining the effect of caffeine administration on growth, feed efficiency, and consumption of sea bream (Sparus aurata), reared in winter temperatures. Moreover, it is questioned whether caffeine has a central action in the brain and its effects are partly mediated via central brain mechanisms. For this, we studied the influences of caffeine treatment on the cerebral pattern of the cholinergic neurotransmission and the novel neuromodulator nitric oxide (NO), by means of acetyl‐cholinesterase (AchE) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) histochemistry. Five different diets containing 0.0, 0.1, 1.0, 2.0 and 5.0 g caffeine kg^?1 of diet were administrated to five groups of fish. Caffeine adversely affected sea‐bream growth at a concentration higher than 1 g kg^?1 diet and increased feed conversion ratio in the treatments of 2 and 5 g kg^?1 (P < 0.05). The daily consumption of feeds was similar to all groups, indicating that caffeine did not influence diet palatability. AChE‐ and NADPH‐diaphorase histochemistry showed densely labeled cells and fibers mainly in dorsal telencephalon, preoptic, pretectal, hypothalamic areas, optic tectum, reticular formation, cerebellum and motor nuclei. When compared with matched caffeine‐treated animals, no differences in the histochemical pattern and cell densities of cerebral AChE and NADPH‐diaphorase were found.  相似文献   

沙棘螺旋伸缩剪的设计与试验研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

胡文威  胡靖明  毕阳  张忠  冯常建  Feng Changjian 《农机化研究》2017,(4)

为解决我国沙棘的采收问题,研制了一种螺旋伸缩剪,长度能在1.2~1.8m之间调节。选择手工园艺剪、沃施剪中低搭配的采收方式,与手工园艺剪、沃施剪、螺纹伸缩剪3者高中低搭配的采收方式进行试验对比分析,包括采收效率、采净率、采收范围、劳动强度。通过对比分析,得到在手工园艺剪、沃施剪、螺纹伸缩剪3者搭配时,沙棘的采收效率、采净率、采收范围3项指标都得到提高,确定了3者比例为2:1:1时沙棘采收效率、采净率最高。经两种沙棘采收方式的对比试验分析,为沙棘采收机的理论研究与优化设计提供了参考,也为沙棘采收机的研制开发提供了新的思路。  相似文献   

海鲈游泳续航时间和运动代谢规律研究     

霍润明  王萍  娄宇栋  柴若愚  尹恒  桂福坤 《水产科技情报》2022,49(6):332-338

为研究海鲈(Lateolabrax japonicus)的游泳续航能力和游泳过程中的物质代谢规律,以深水网箱养殖的3月龄海鲈为研究对象,采用游泳续航时间和生化指标作为评测海鲈游泳能力和代谢规律的方法进行了试验。结果显示,海鲈的游泳续航时长为200 min,其续航能力强于大黄鱼而弱于美国红鱼。在游泳过程中,海鲈血糖浓度升高,但差异性不显著(P>0.05),肌糖原随着时间的增加显著减少(P<0.05),且肌糖原浓度在海鲈疲劳时接近于0。当鱼接近100%疲劳时,其肝糖原浓度也接近于0;当海鲈以不同疲劳程度游泳时,其肌肉乳酸脱氢酶浓度会显著升高(P<0.05)。表明海鲈的续航游泳过程伴随着无氧呼吸和有氧呼吸。  相似文献   

Sedimentary characterization of Tagus estuarine beaches (Portugal)     

Paula Freire  Rui Taborda  Ana M. Silva 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2007,7(5):296-302

Background, Aim and Scope  The distribution of sediments in estuarine beaches is controlled by the interactions between sediment supply, hydrodynamic processes and human intervention. The main purpose of this study is to characterize the sediments of Tagus estuarine beaches in order to understand their origin and to contribute to a better knowledge of the Tagus estuary sediment budget. Methods  Surface sediment samples were collected across beach profiles and sand grain size analysis was performed by dry sieving. Grain size statistics for the median (d₅₀) and standard deviation (SDM) were obtained using the Moment method. This study was complemented by a qualitative evaluation of the sediment composition. Cross-shore topographic surveys were conducted for selected sampling sites. Results  Tagus estuarine beach sediments are mainly composed of quartz sand particles which are fine-grained and well sorted near the mouth of the estuary and medium to coarse-grained and moderately sorted in the inner domain. Compositional results show evidence of active anthropogenic sediment sources, especially in the coarser fractions. Discussion  The analysis of the textural and compositional characteristics of beach sediments in the inner estuarine domain is compatible with local sedimentary sources, while a marine signature is present at the mouth and inlet channel sediments. In the inner domain, differences in the sedimentary processes are represented by the textural characteristics of the sediments, such as the sorting degree and the gravel content. Sediment characteristics also reflect human intervention in the system, with the introduction of anthropogenic and allochthonous particles and the mixture of sediments from different sources. Conclusions  The sediments of the inner Tagus estuarine beaches are derived from local Plio-Pleistocene outcrops while inlet and outer estuary beaches reveal a dominant marine source. Beach textural variability observed in the inner domain is not related to wave forcing gradients, but mainly to variations in the sedimentary processes along the estuarine margins and to human intervention. Results show that the Tagus estuarine beaches depended, almost exclusively, on sediment input from local sources until the last century. With increasing human occupation, sediment transfers became dominated by anthropogenically related activities mainly connected with the occupation of estuarine margins and dredging. Recommendations and Perspectives  Further studies should extend the present level of knowledge in what concerns sand transport patterns through additional compositional and geochemical analysis, and the development of new techniques in order to allow the quantitative evaluation of the impact of human activities on the sediment budget.  相似文献   

中国沙棘和俄罗斯沙棘在不同土壤水分条件下保护酶系统和丙二醛的变化   总被引：10，自引：3，他引：7  

刘瑞香  杨劼  高丽 《华北农学报》2006,21(2):87-90

在野外不同生境和田间不同干旱条件下对中国沙棘(Hippophae rhamnoides sinensis)和俄罗斯沙棘(Hippophae rhamnoides)的SOD,CAT和MDA进行研究后发现,野外沟底土壤水分含量显著高于坡上土壤水分含量,因此,沟底中国沙棘叶片的SOD,CAT活性高于坡上,MDA含量则为坡上植株高于沟底植株。田间不同干旱胁迫条件下,随着土壤含水量的降低,沙棘叶片中的SOD活性在胁迫初期显著降低,随着干旱胁迫时间的延长持续降低,沙棘叶片SOD活性表现为中国沙棘雄株>俄罗斯沙棘雌株>俄罗斯沙棘雄株>中国沙棘雌株;CAT活性在胁迫初期有所升高,之后开始逐渐下降,种间的差异为中国沙棘高于俄罗斯沙棘,雌、雄株的差异为雌株高于雄株;膜脂过氧化物质MDA的含量随着干旱胁迫程度的增加和胁迫时间的延长持续增加,雌株叶片内MDA含量高于雄株,中国沙棘的MDA含量高于俄罗斯沙棘。  相似文献   

基于大型渔业平台的深远海渔业发展现状与思考     

张成林  徐皓  王世明  刘晃  陈新军 《中国农学通报》2020,36(25):152-157

基于渔业产业现状,分析国内外在大型渔业平台、深海网箱和养殖工船方面的发展现状,提出“游弋式”养殖工船及深远海渔业的基本概念。受限于投资成本、技术发展水平等客观因素,中国深远海养殖发展速度缓慢,但近年来取得了一定的发展成效。笔者针对现阶段渔业粗放型生产方式的现状,从国家战略、渔业改革和产业需求等角度分析深远海渔业发展的必要性,认为发展以养殖工船为代表的深远海大型渔业平台是实现渔业强国之路的有效途径之一,走出一条符合中国国情的深远海渔业平台的开发之路势在必行。  相似文献   

基于FVCOM渤海浅水分潮的特征分析     

张志康  刘浩 《上海海洋大学学报》2020,29(6):921-927

基于非结构有限体积法海洋模型FVCOM,对渤海潮波系统进行数值模拟。利用渤海沿岸共19个潮位站的资料对模拟结果进行验证,计算结果均与实测结果吻合良好。基于此进一步研究渤海3个主要浅水分潮M4、MS4和M6的主要特征,并与前人的研究成果进行对比。结果表明M4和MS4分潮传播特征相似,都存在5个无潮点,其中1个为顺时针旋转,而其余四个为逆时针旋转。对于M6分潮,结果显示存在9个无潮点,两个为顺时针,其余七个为逆时针。M4分潮振幅在近岸处可达25cm,约为M2分潮振幅的10％,MS4振幅次之,M6振幅最小,仅为M4分潮振幅的18%左右。三者振幅均为从外海向近岸迅速增大,表明浅水分潮振幅分布特征与海底地形关系密切。  相似文献