Mass selection for small‐sized cysts in Artemia franciscana produced in Vinh Chau salt ponds,Vietnam     

Nguyen Thi Hong Van  Nguyen Van Hoa  Peter Bossier  Patrick Sorgeloos  Gilbert Van Stappen 《Aquaculture Research》2014,45(10):1591-1599

Unidirectional mass truncation selection for small‐sized cysts was carried out on brine shrimp (Artemia franciscana Kellogg 1906), Vinh Chau strain, Vietnam, through cyst sieving and then culturing the selected individuals (<5% of the population) under field and laboratory conditions over two successive generations (F₁ and F₂). The results showed that at both culture scales, the cyst size of the selected line was smaller (P < 0.05) compared with the control (non‐selected) line, illustrating that there was a response to selection. The cyst size decreased about 3% per generation and the accumulated gain on the target trait was in the range 5.82–6.07% at the end of the selection process compared with the base population. The realized heritability estimation (h²) for cyst size was 0.23 ± 0.06 and 0.74 ± 0.19 in the field trials and 0.34 and 0.51 in the laboratory test for the F₁ and F₂ generation respectively. The variations found between the respective trials may be explained as the result of environmental interaction with the selection process, but the results show that a selection program for small‐sized cysts in Artemia by mass selection is possible.  相似文献   

胸腺嘧啶依赖型金黄色葡萄球菌小菌落突变株的分离鉴定     

朱立力  孙玉林  于馨  王奇惠  曲伟杰 《中国畜牧兽医》2014,41(10):241-246

本试验对由患慢性奶牛乳房炎奶样中分离出的1株疑似金黄色葡萄球菌小菌落突变株(SCVs)进行形态观察、金黄色葡萄球菌相关保守基因片段(nuc、nucA、16S rDNA) 多重PCR扩增鉴定、药敏试验、生理生化特性研究及补偿试验。结果显示分离出1株金黄色葡萄球菌SCVs,该菌含有金黄色葡萄球菌菌种特异性基因nuc和nucA;与金黄色葡萄球菌质控菌株ATCC 25923的抑菌圈大小明显不同;菌落形态主要表现为菌落细小、生长缓慢、溶血能力下降;凝固酶活性下降;耐盐能力降低;革兰氏染色为革兰氏阳性球菌,呈葡萄状排列;补偿试验鉴定该金黄色葡萄球菌SCVs为胸腺嘧啶依赖型。结果表明成功分离鉴定出1株胸腺嘧啶依赖型金黄色葡萄球菌SCVs,为由金黄色葡萄球菌SCVs引起的奶牛慢性乳房炎的预防和控制及其致病机制的研究奠定前期基础。  相似文献   

Common vole (Microtus arvalis) ecology and management: implications for risk assessment of plant protection products     

Jens Jacob  Phil Manson  Ralf Barfknecht  Timothy Fredricks 《Pest management science》2014,70(6):869-878

Common voles (Microtus arvalis) are common small mammals in some European landscapes. They can be a major rodent pest in European agriculture and they are also a representative generic focal small herbivorous mammal species used in risk assessment for plant protection products. In this paper, common vole population dynamics, habitat and food preferences, pest potential and use of the common vole as a model small wild mammal species in the risk assessment process are reviewed. Common voles are a component of agroecosystems in many parts of Europe, inhabiting agricultural areas (secondary habitats) when the carrying capacity of primary grassland habitats is exceeded. Colonisation of secondary habitats occurs during multiannual outbreaks, when population sizes can exceed 1000 individuals ha^?1. In such cases, in‐crop common vole population control management has been practised to avoid significant crop damage. The species' status as a crop pest, high fecundity, resilience to disturbance and intermittent colonisation of crop habitats are important characteristics that should be reflected in risk assessment. Based on the information provided in the scientific literature, it seems justified to modify elements of the current risk assessment scheme for plant protection products, including the use of realistic food intake rates, reduced assessment factors or the use of alternativee focal rodent species in particular European regions. Some of these adjustments are already being applied in some EU member states. Therefore, it seems reasonable consistently to apply such pragmatic and realistic approaches in risk assessments for plant protection products across the EU. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

新疆多源喹诺酮类耐药大肠杆菌耐药基因检测及分析   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

南海辰  底丽娜  夏利宁 《中国农业科学》2014,47(20):4096-4108

【目的】了解新疆不同动物源喹诺酮类耐药大肠杆菌携带质粒介导的喹诺酮耐药因子（plasmid mediated quinolone resistance,PMQR）的流行现状,及其与主要的β-内酰胺酶基因和 16S rRNA 甲基化酶基因的共存情况。【方法】通过 PCR 方法对猪源（79 株）、牛源（8株）和羊源（96株）喹诺酮类（环丙沙星,诺氟沙星和恩诺沙星）耐药大肠杆菌进行 PMQR（qnrA, qnrB, qnrC, qnrD, qnrS, qepA, oqxA, oqxB, aac(6’)-Ib-cr）、β-内酰胺酶基因（bla_TEM, bla_CTX-M, bla_SHV, bla_KPC, bla_CMY-2, bla_LAP-1）及16S rRNA（armA, rmtB）等基因检测,对目的条带进行DNA测序,确定阳性菌株,对检出携带 β-内酰胺酶基因和16S rRNA 甲基化酶基因的大肠杆菌进行β-内酰胺类及氨基糖苷类药敏试验,分析其携带的基因型与耐药表型之间的关系。【结果】猪源大肠杆菌中检出的PMQR因子为qnrS（5/79,6.33%）,oqxA（35/79,44.30%）,oqxB（40/79,50.60%）和aac(6’)-Ib-cr（4/79,5.06%）,检出的β-内酰胺酶基因为bla_TEM（79/79,100%）,检出的16S rRNA 基因为rmtB（3/79,3.80%）;牛源大肠杆菌中检出的PMQR因子为qnrS（1/8,12.50%）,oqxA（1/8,12.50%）,oqxB（1/8,12.50%）和aac(6’)-Ib-cr（1/8,12.50%）和qepA（1/8,12.50%）,检出的β-内酰胺酶基因为bla_TEM（8/8,100%）和bla_SHV（1/8,12.50%）;羊源大肠杆菌中检出的PMQR因子为qnrS（6/96,6.25%）,oqxA（32/96,33.3%）,oqxB（37/96,38.5%）和aac(6’)-Ib-cr（22/96,22.91%）,检出的β-内酰胺酶基因为bla_TEM（96/96,100%）和bla_CTX-M（2/96,2.08%）,检出的16S rRNA 基因为rmtB（2/96,2.08%）;未检出qnrA,qnrB,qnrC,qnrD,bla_KPC,bla_CMY-2和bla_LAP-1被检基因。不同动物源大肠杆菌中存在基因共存现象,携带β-内酰胺酶基因和16S rRNA 甲基化酶基因的喹诺酮类耐药大肠杆菌对β-内酰胺类和氨基糖苷类药物耐药呈一定的相关性。【结论】不同动物源喹诺酮类耐药大肠杆菌中存在PMQR因子,可与主要的 β-内酰胺酶和/或16S rRNA 甲基化酶基因共存。此外,首次在羊源大肠杆菌中检出PMQR 因子、β-内酰胺酶及16S rRNA甲基化酶基因。  相似文献   

黄河水土保持监测站点标准化建设研究——以黄委天水、西峰、绥德监测站点建设为例   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

喻权刚  王富贵 《水土保持通报》2009,23(3):220-224

从多年的小流域水土保持水沙监测实践出发,总结了近几年监测站点建设的经验.从监测站点总体结构、监测内容、监测手段与方法、监测数据管理以及站点运行管理等方面,探讨了水土保持监测站点标准化建设的有关问题.提出了现代化水土保持监测的手段、方法和监测数据管理系统的基本架构与功能,为进一步开展标准化监测站点建设提供参考.  相似文献   

新疆典型小流域土壤水稳性团聚体分布特征研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

柴仲平  王雪梅  陈波浪  孙霞  贾宏涛 《水土保持通报》2009,23(3):94-96,102

新疆是全国水土流失面积大区.以新疆典型小流域-阜康市三工河流域为例,对区域土壤水稳性团聚体分布特征及其影响因素做了初步研究,旨在为小流域土壤侵蚀治理提供重要参考依据.通过对流域内典型梁峁坡地、不同坡度坡地及不同植被覆盖地0-20 cm和20-50 cm剖面层土壤进行采样分析.结果表明,该流域土壤水稳性团聚体含量分布存在以下特征:土壤同-剖面自上而下呈递减趋势;同一坡面随坡位自上而下呈增加趋势;不同坡度则随坡度的增加而减少;不同植被覆盖度土壤水稳性团聚体含量呈现:农用坡耕地<林地<草地<草灌地.  相似文献   

Compartmentalization of the soil animal food web as indicated by dual analysis of stable isotope ratios (N/N and C/C)     

Melanie M. Pollierer  Reinhard Langel  Mark Maraun 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2009,41(6):1221-1226

The soil animal food web has become a focus of recent ecological research but trophic relationships still remain enigmatic for many taxa. Analysis of stable isotope ratios of N and C provides a powerful tool for disentangling food web structure. In this study, animals, roots, soil and litter material from a temperate deciduous forest were analysed. The combined measurement of δ¹⁵N and δ¹³C provided insights into the compartmentalization of the soil animal food web. Leaf litter feeders were separated from animals relying mainly on recent belowground carbon resources and from animals feeding on older carbon. The trophic pathway of leaf litter-feeding species appears to be a dead end, presumably because leaf litter feeders (mainly diplopods and oribatid mites) are unavailable to predators due to large size and/or strong sclerotization. Endogeic earthworms that rely on older carbon also appear to exist in predator-free space. The data suggest that the largest trophic compartment constitutes of ectomycorrhizal feeders and their predators. Additionally, there is a smaller trophic compartment consisting of predators likely feeding on enchytraeids and potentially nematodes.  相似文献   

核苷酸对动物摄食、生长与免疫功能的影响   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

许群  王安利 《动物营养学报》2004,16(4):13-17

饲料中的核苷酸对动物生长发育和免疫功能等具有重要作用。核苷酸作为一种无毒无害无残留的新型饲料添加剂,在动物营养方面有很大的发展前途。近年来国内外学者对核苷酸的研究逐渐增多。本文从促生长、诱食和改善免疫功能等方面对核苷酸在动物营养方面的应用做一综述。  相似文献   

高压静电场对动物机体生物效应的影响机理及其应用   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

吴春艳  张俐  郑世民 《动物医学进展》2004,25(3):7-9

随着科学技术的发展 ,静电与人类生活的关系越来越密切。近年来 ,高压静电场 (highvoltage electrostatic field,HVEF)对生物体的影响已引起学术界的极大关注。对动物的体重、精子活力、受精率、禽类孵化率及免疫系统的功能等均有一定影响。静电场在农业方面的研究已取得一定成果 ,而对动物的研究只有少量零星的不系统报道。因此 ,就 HVEF对动物机体生物效应影响的机理及其应用等作一全面而系统的阐述 ,为静电微能生物技术在动物方面的深入研究提供重要的理论依据  相似文献   

RNA干扰技术及其应用     

凌宗帅  刘友清  潘学昌  周长桥  魏联果 《动物医学进展》2004,25(2):14-16

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