桂中、桂北油茶主要产区成林林地土壤及叶片养分含量调查     

廖维建  温如斯  马洪轩  陈国臣  张乃燕  王东雪  叶航 《热带作物学报》2014,34(12):18-21

对桂中、桂北油茶主要产区10个油茶成林林地土壤和叶片养分含量进行分析,结果表明：10个取样点的土壤属于强酸或极酸性土壤,8个取样点土壤的有机质含量及4个取样点土壤的碱解氮含量处于缺乏状态,全部取样点土壤的速效磷含量以及6个取样点土壤速效钾含量处于极缺乏水平;叶片全氮和全钾含量与土壤中pH值、有机质和碱解氮和速效钾的相关性不明显,但叶片中全磷含量与土壤中速效磷含量极显著相关,叶片全磷含量能较好的反映土壤中速效磷含量。  相似文献   

木霉对滨海盐渍土花生生长发育调控效应的研究     

陈建爱  郭峰  杨武汉  段友臣  陈为京  万书波 《花生学报》2014,(4):19-25

滨海盐渍土的良法栽培对作物打破盐碱地立苗难的瓶颈至关重要,利用木霉制剂处理盐碱地的研究为其改善盐渍土、提高作物耐盐碱性提供理论依据和技术支持。木霉制剂处理土壤后,出苗齐壮,出苗率、成苗率高,植株长势好,株高和有效分枝数增加;开花期延迟,开花下针期集中、时间缩短,双果数、总果数提高;一级、二级、三级侧根数增加,根瘤菌着生早,根瘤数量增加,体积增大,有效根瘤增加;籽仁蛋白质和人体必需八种氨基酸含量提高,百果重、百仁重提高,产量大幅提高。木霉制剂处理盐碱土可降低盐碱对花生生长的危害,促进生长发育,提高产量和品质,促进农业可持续发展。  相似文献   

转植酸酶基因（phyA2）玉米磷素营养的初步研究     

侯文通  杨俐苹  白由路  范分良 《玉米科学》2014,22(1):37-42

在大田栽培条件下研究3种转phyA2基因玉米C63、C83-1-7和C84-1-14对土壤有机磷的利用能力及玉米磷素营养状况。初步结果表明,转phyA2基因玉米能有效利用土壤有机磷,与阴性对照相比,转phyA2基因玉米生长发育状况更好,磷素积累量更多,可获得更高的生物量和子粒产量,转基因玉米C63、C83-1-7和C84-1-14单株磷积累量分别是阴性对照的7.8倍、1.6倍和2.5倍,单株子粒产量分别是阴性对照的5.5倍、1.5倍和2.1倍。在大田栽培条件下转phyA2基因玉米生长状况好于阴性对照。  相似文献   

砂壤质潮土夏玉米适宜的化肥种类研究   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

王宜伦  刘举  苏瑞光  李盼  谭金芳  李潮海  刘天学 《玉米科学》2014,22(3):121-125

采用田间试验研究Agro Services International Inc（ASI）推荐施肥、缓/控释肥、保水型复混肥和普通复混肥对夏玉米产量、SPAD值及养分吸收积累的影响。结果表明,夏玉米施用缓/控释肥和ASI推荐施肥增产效果较好,分别比农户习惯施肥处理增产11.0%和9.8%,保水型复混肥没有显著增产效果。夏玉米专用缓/控释肥养分缓慢释放可弥补砂壤质潮土保肥性差的缺点,能维持夏玉米各生育时期较高的叶片叶绿素含量,促进夏玉米对氮、磷、钾养分的吸收利用,提高干物质积累量,具有显著增产效果,是砂壤质潮土区夏玉米适宜的化肥品种。  相似文献   

矿物质有机肥与化肥配施对甘肃河西绿灌区玉米产量构成的影响     

黄鹏  代平平  陈雅慧  汪佳新 《玉米科学》2014,22(2):117-122

在甘肃省河西绿洲灌区通过大田试验,研究矿物质有机肥与化肥配施对玉米产量构成的影响。结果表明,配施矿物质有机肥可以显著提高玉米的生物产量、子粒产量及肥料贡献率。与当前施肥水平比较,玉米在配施矿物质有机肥750 kg/hm²的条件下,化肥不减量和减量15%生物产量分别为38 647、36 869 kg/hm²,比单施化肥处理增产7.61%和2.66%;子粒产量分别为16 544、15 783 kg/hm²,增产7.56%、2.48%;肥料对生物产量贡献率分别为56.26%和49.07%,比单施化肥处理提高11.05和3.87个百分点,表明在配施矿物质有机肥750 kg/hm²的前提下,将氮、磷化肥施用量在当前水平上减量15%可以保证玉米子粒产量稳定在高产水平。  相似文献   

秸秆还田对水稻生长发育和稻田温室气体排放的影响   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

顾道健  薛朋  陆希婕  张耗  刘立军  王志琴  杨建昌 《中国稻米》2014,(3):1-5

秸秆是一种传统的能源物质,营养丰富,秸秆还田可培肥地力,增加作物产量。本文综述了秸秆及其制成的有机物料还田对水稻产量和稻米品质的影响及其生物学机制、秸秆还田对培肥土壤的作用和稻田温室气体排放的影响,讨论了秸秆还田存在的问题和今后研究的重点。  相似文献   

稻草还田腐熟与化肥配施对晚稻产量及土壤理化性状的影响     

丛艳静  朱玲玲  黄功标 《福建稻麦科技》2014,(4):14-17

稻草还田腐熟可以改善土壤理化性状,对水稻生长的经济性状指标有一定的影响,稻草还田腐熟后提供的氮、磷、钾营养元素可以减施化肥用量。试验中与无稻草还田常规施肥相比,稻草还田腐熟,以氮磷肥用量减少10%,钾肥用量减少10%~20%为宜,可使当季土壤有机质含量增加0.1~0.2 g/kg,提高0.3%~0.6%,而产量、产值和纯收益无明显差异。  相似文献   

不同土地利用方式对苏打盐碱土壤氮素垂直分布的影响     

齐春艳  侯立刚  刘晓亮  郭晞明  刘亮  付胜 《北方水稻》2014,44(6):1-4

供试材料于2012年3月份采集于吉林省西部盐碱地典型代表区白城市镇赉县嘎什根乡,材料选择地块分别为:碱斑地、芦苇地、旱田地(前茬为玉米,采样时也为玉米)、水稻种植1年地、水稻种植5年地、水稻种植10年地(分别用SJ、SL、SH、SS1、SS5、SS10表示)。结果表明:盐碱地不同土地利用方式对土壤氮素空间分布具有一定影响,盐碱水田随着种植年限的增加,土壤全氮、速效氮含量均增加,在种植1~5年内,增加幅度较大,积累的氮素多富集于0~20 cm土层内。  相似文献   

Quantifying and simulating carbon and nitrogen mineralization from diverse exogenous organic matters     

Florent Levavasseur  Gwenaelle Lashermes  Bruno Mary  Thierry Morvan  Bernard Nicolardot  Virginie Parnaudeau  Laurent Thuriès  Sabine Houot 《Soil Use and Management》2022,38(1):411-425

The potential contributions of exogenous organic matters (EOMs) to soil organic C and mineral N supply depend on their C and N mineralization, which can be assessed in laboratory incubations. Such incubations are essential to calibrate decomposition models, because not all EOMs can be tested in the field. However, EOM incubations are resource-intensive. Therefore, easily measurable EOM characteristics that can be useful to predict EOM behaviour are needed. We quantified C and N mineralization during the incubation of 663 EOMs from five groups (animal manures, composts, sewage sludges, digestates and others). This represents one of the largest and diversified set of EOM incubations. The C and N mineralization varied widely between and within EOM subgroups. We simulated C and N mineralization with a simple generic decomposition model. Three calibration methods were compared. Individual EOM calibration of the model yielded good model performances, while the use of a unique parameter set per EOM subgroup decreased the model performance, and the use of two EOM characteristics to estimate model parameters gave an intermediate model performance (average RMSE-C values of 32, 99 and 65 mg C g⁻¹ added C and average RMSE-N values of 50, 126 and 110 mg N g⁻¹ added N, respectively). Because of the EOM variability, individual EOM calibration based on incubation remains the recommended method for predicting most accurately the C and N mineralization of EOMs. However, the two alternative calibration methods are sufficient for the simulation of EOMs without incubation data to obtain reasonable model performances.  相似文献   

Effects of long-term contrasting lime and phosphorus applications on barley grain yield,root growth and abundance of mycorrhiza     

Julie Therese Christensen  Musibau Oyeleke Azeez  Rodrigo Labouriau  Sabine Ravnskov  Hanne Lakkenborg Kristensen  Lars Juhl Munkholm  Gitte Holton Rubæk 《Soil Use and Management》2022,38(1):991-1003

Lime and phosphorus (P) applications are common agricultural management practices. Our aim was to quantify the effects of long-term application practices on root growth and abundance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) under field conditions. We assessed the effects of lime and P fertilizer applications on barley yield, root growth and AMF abundance in 2016. Treatments were no, low, medium and high liming rate corresponding to application of 0, 4, 8 and 12 Mg lime ha⁻¹ every 5–9 years since 1942 combined with no or yearly application of 15.6 kg P ha⁻¹ since 1944. At harvest, grain yield, root intensity (core-break) and AMF abundance at different soil depths were estimated. Root development was monitored during early growth with minirhizotrons in treatments receiving low, medium and high liming rates and P fertilization. A quadratic model relating grain yield to liming rate estimated yields to peak at 6.4 Mg lime ha⁻¹ with yields of 4.2 and 3.2 Mg grain ha⁻¹ with and without P fertilization, respectively. Low and medium liming rates resulted in greater AMF abundance, especially in the no P treatments. During early growth in P-fertilized treatments, 77% and 65% more roots developed in the soil profile when treated with medium and high liming rate, respectively, compared to low liming rate. We conclude that long-term application of lime in soils receiving yearly P fertilization improved conditions for root growth in soil layers below 30 cm, but at the high liming rate, this did not translate into higher yield.  相似文献