Effects of maize grain and lucerne particle size on ruminal fermentation, digestibility and performance of cows in midlactation     

Cao ZJ  Li SL  Xing JJ  Ma M  Wang LL 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2008,92(2):157-167

This study evaluated the effects of, and interactions between, maize grain particle size (MPS) and lucerne particle size (LPS) on dry matter intake, milk production, milk composition, ruminal fermentation, microbial yield, chewing activity and nutrient digestibility in midlactation cows. Four multiparous Holstein cows with ruminal cannulas were assigned randomly to a 4 x 4 Latin square design, averaged 595 kg (SD = 52) of body weight and 121 days in milk (SD = 21) at the start of the experiment. Experimental periods were 21 days in length (14 days of treatment adaptation and 7 days of data collection). All diets were fed as total mixed ration and were formulated to meet or exceed the requirements of a 600 kg multiparous cow producing 20 kg milk/day with 4.0% fat. The ratio of concentrate to forage was 39:61 (dry matter basis). Treatments were arranged in a 2 x 2 factorial design; two levels of LPS (2.54 and 6.22 mm) were combined with concentrates based on either ground maize grain (711 mum) or cracked maize grain (1755 mum). Maize grain and LPS did not affect milk production and milk fat percentage. Milk protein percentage increased when MPS was decreased (p = 0.04). Milk urea nitrogen was lower for cows fed ground maize grain compared with cracked maize grain (118-134 mg/l, p = 0.05). Estimated microbial N supply increased 41.9 g/day for ground maize grain compared with cracked maize grain. Cows fed long lucerne (LL) hay spent more time ruminating compared with cows fed short lucerne (SL) hay ranging from 293 to 336 min/day (p < 0.001). Total time spent chewing by cows increased from 505 to 574 min/day (p = 0.002) for SL and LL respectively. Based on the results from this study, midlactation cows can be fed diets that contain ground maize grain and SL hay without leading to negative effects on ruminal pH and nutrient digestibility.  相似文献   

Rumen fermentation and degradability in buffalo and cattle using the in vitro gas production technique     

Calabrò S  Moniello G  Piccolo V  Bovera F  Infascelli F  Tudisco R  Cutrignelli MI 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2008,92(3):356-362

An in vitro trial was conducted to investigate the effect of different inoculum sources (buffalo vs. cattle) on rumen fermentation and degradability. Incubations were carried out using rumen fluid obtained from buffalo or cattle fed the same diet [60% grass hay and 40% concentrate; 18 kg dry matter (DM)/day]. The fermentation kinetics of eight feeds commonly used in ruminant nutrition (alfalfa hay, barley meal, beet pulp, corn meal and silage, ryegrass hay and silage and soya bean meal s.e.) were studied with the in vitro gas production technique and rumen fermentation parameters (substrate disappearance, pH and volatile fatty acids production) were determined after 120 h of incubation. The linear relationship indicates that the microbial metabolic pathways of the two inocula for all the substrates were qualitatively similar, albeit often quantitatively different. In this in vitro study, a significant influence of rumen inoculum (buffalo vs. cow) on fermentation and degradability of the examined substrates was found. The differences in buffalo and cattle rumen fermentation can be explained with a different microbial activity of the two ruminant species, because of different amount of microbial population or microbial population constituted by different species of bacteria and protozoa.  相似文献   

Experimentally induced systemic hyperchloremic acidosis in calves     

Gentile A  Lorenz I  Sconza S  Klee W 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2008,22(1):190-195

Background: Among the various metabolic disturbances occurring in calves affected by neonatal diarrhea or ruminal acidosis, acidemia constitutes an important condition requiring specific therapy. Although various attempts have been made to estimate the degree of metabolic acidosis on the basis of clinical signs alone, some doubts have been raised regarding the accuracy and predictive value of the clinical variables suggested. HYPOTHESIS: The induction of metabolic acidosis in healthy calves via the infusion of hydrochloric acid (HCl) will lead to a clinical picture similar to that seen in neonatal calves with diarrhea or ruminal acidosis. ANIMALS: The study was carried out on 15 Holstein male calves between 5 and 19 days of age. METHODS: Hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis was induced over a period of 80 minutes by an IV infusion of 4,000 mL of 0.9% NaCl solution containing 400 mM HCl. RESULTS: Acidemia occurred rapidly and increased constantly up to a maximum value, which was reached in all calves by the end of the administration and amounted to a 22.4 mM/L mean base deficit (range from 17.0 to 33.1 mM/L). Despite the relatively severe acute acid-base imbalance during the entire observation period, no calves showed any clinical signs or depressed appetite. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Factors other than a disturbance of the acid-base balance should be considered to be primarily responsible for the clinical picture in calves affected by diarrhea or ruminal acidosis.  相似文献   

甲酸或绿汁发酵液对苜蓿青贮影响的研究   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

许庆方  玉柱  李胜利  韩建国  白春生  薛艳林  白景隆  黄毅 《畜牧兽医学报》2008,39(12)

为探讨添加甲酸和绿汁发酵液对拉伸膜裹包苜蓿青贮发酵品质和营养价值的影响,分别按每吨鲜苜蓿添加6L甲酸或2L绿汁发酵液,并以不使用添加剂而晾晒处理为对照,整株打圆捆,拉伸膜裹包6层青贮,贮藏300d后取样分析测定。添加甲酸和绿汁发酵液苜蓿青贮的pH分别为4．32和4．25,显著低于晾晒处理的5．22（P〈0．05）;而乳酸含量分别为6．26％和6．63％,显著高于晾晒处理的0．24％（P〈0．05）;而晾晒处理苜蓿青贮的氨氮含量显著减少（P〈0．05）。虽然苜蓿青贮的NDF、ADF等营养物质含量没有差异,但添加甲酸可显著提高苜蓿青贮DM、OM、CP、NDF、ADF的有效降解率（P〈0．05）。晾晒处理组CP含量显著降低,而且DM、OM、CP、ADF的有效降解率也显著降低。  相似文献   

Effects of bismuth subsalicylate and encapsulated calcium-ammonium nitrate on feedlot beef cattle production     

Sebastian E Mejia-Turcios  Andrea M Osorio-Doblado  Francine M Ciriaco  Phil M Urso  Rafael C Araujo  Dale R Woerner  Bradley J Johnson  Jose C B Dubeux  Jr.    Jhones O Sarturi  Nicolas DiLorenzo  Darren D Henry 《Journal of animal science》2021,99(10)

Two experiments were performed to evaluate the effects of bismuth subsalicylate (BSS) and calcium-ammonium nitrate (CAN) on in vitro ruminal fermentation, growth, apparent total tract digestibility of nutrients, liver mineral concentration, and carcass quality of beef cattle. In Exp. 1, four ruminally cannulated steers (520 ± 30 kg body weight [BW]) were used as donors to perform a batch culture and an in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD) procedure. Treatments were arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial with factors being BSS (0 or 0.33% of substrate dry matter [DM]) and CAN (0 or 2.22% of substrate DM). In Exp. 2, 200 Angus-crossbred steers (385 ± 27 kg BW) were blocked by BW and allocated to 50 pens (4 steers/pen) in a randomized complete block design with a 2 × 2 + 1 factorial arrangement of treatments. Factors included BSS (0 or 0.33% of the diet DM) and nonprotein nitrogen (NPN) source (urea or encapsulated CAN [eCAN] included at 0.68% or 2.0% of the diet, respectively) with 0.28% ruminally available S (RAS). A low S diet was included as a positive control containing urea (0.68% of DM) and 0.14% RAS. For Exp. 1, data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS with the fixed effects of BSS, CAN, BSS × CAN, and the random effect of donor. For Exp. 2, the MIXED procedure of SAS was used for continuous variables and the GLIMMIX procedure for categorical data. For Exp. 1, no differences (P > 0.230) were observed for IVOMD. There was a tendency (P = 0.055) for an interaction regarding H₂S production. Acetate:propionate increased (P = 0.003) with the addition of CAN. In Exp. 2, there was a NPN source effect (P = 0.032) where steers consuming urea had greater carcass-adjusted final shrunk BW than those consuming eCAN. Intake of DM (P < 0.001) and carcass-adjusted average daily gain (P = 0.024) were reduced by eCAN; however, it did not affect (P = 0.650) carcass-adjusted feed efficiency. Steers consuming urea had greater (P = 0.032) hot carcass weight, and a BSS × NPN interaction (P = 0.019) was observed on calculated yield grade. Apparent absorption of S decreased (P < 0.001) with the addition of BSS. Final liver Cu concentration was reduced (P = 0.042) by 58% in cattle fed BSS, indicating that BSS may decrease Cu absorption and storage in the liver. The results observed in this experiment indicate that BSS does not have negative effects on feedlot steer performance, whereas CAN may hinder performance of steers fed finishing diets.  相似文献   

Adaptive changes in the patterns of carbohydrate metabolites in blood,liver, muscle and heart tissues of Sarotherodon mossambicus (Peters) exposed to the carbamate fungicide ziram     

Hariharan Nivedhitha  Palaniswamy Thangavel  Abdul K. Shaik Dawood  Murugesan Ramaswamy 《Pest management science》1998,52(2):133-137

Adaptive changes in the levels of carbohydrate metabolites, glucose, glycogen and lactic acid, were studied in a freshwater edible fish, Sarotherodon mossambicus exposed to a carbamate fungicide, ziram. Based on the results obtained, it was concluded that the fish showed (i) adaptive utilization of stored glycogen, particularly in liver tissue; (ii) adaptive accumulation of glycogen in muscle and heart tissues, probably by glyconeogenesis and (iii) adaptive mechanism of operation of ‘diving syndrome’, to meet the stress of the pollutant under sub-lethal exposure. © 1998 SCI.  相似文献   

亚麻籽木脂素在山羊瘤胃中的转化及其对瘤胃代谢的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

周炜  韩正康  王国杰 《南京农业大学学报》2009,32(2)

选用6只(4♂、2♀)装有永久性瘤胃瘘管及临时性颈静脉插管的淮南山羊,进行交叉试验.试验期按体重灌胃50 mg·kg-1质量分数为20%亚麻籽木脂素提取物,分别用高效液相色谱法测定木脂素和挥发性脂肪酸含量,研究亚麻籽木脂素在山羊瘤胃中的转化及其对瘤胃代谢的影响.结果表明,在对照期瘤胃液中存在较低质量浓度的亚麻籽木脂素(0.003 mg·mL-1)、肠内酯(0.007 mg·mL-1)及肠二醇(0.017 mg·mL-1),但血清中未检测出木脂素成分.灌胃木脂素提取物能显著提高瘤胃液及血清中上述3种动、植物木脂素含量;同时,木脂素化合物使总脱氢酶活性升高25.5%(P>0.05),并使瘤胃液pH值和氨氮含量分别降低1.1%(P<0.05)和36.3%(P<0.01),微生物蛋白及总挥发性脂肪酸含量分别升高70.1%(P<0.01)和37.4%(P<0.01).结论:在饲喂青干草及豆粕型精料日粮条件下,瘤胃液中存在植物木脂素和2种最主要的动物木脂素.灌胃亚麻籽木脂素提取物后能显著提高3种木脂素含量,且均能被吸收进入血液.木脂素可以直接或间接影响瘤胃内微生物活性,从而改善瘤胃代谢水平.  相似文献   

日粮精粗比对泌乳奶牛瘤胃纤维降解酶活性及血液指标的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

汪水平  王文娟  龚月生 《西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版)》2007,35(5):57-62

选择4头安装有瘤胃瘘管的泌乳奶牛,按4×4拉丁方设计,研究日粮精粗质量比约为30∶70的“高低质粗料型”日粮、30∶70的混合型高青贮日粮、50∶50的精粗料比例相当的日粮及65∶35的高精料日粮等4种不同精粗比日粮对瘤胃纤维降解酶活性及血液指标的影响。结果显示,奶牛采食4种精粗比不同的日粮,均能达到满足纤维降解及纤维分解菌生长要求的瘤胃pH值;日粮精粗比对微晶纤维素、羧甲基纤维素酶、纤维二糖酶和木聚糖酶等瘤胃纤维降解酶活性的影响差异不显著(P>0.05),对奶牛颈静脉血中血浆葡萄糖浓度和血清生长激素、胰岛素、胰高血糖素浓度亦无显著(P>0.05)影响。说明4种精粗比日粮对奶牛瘤胃纤维降解酶活性及上述血液指标没有影响。  相似文献   

碱性次氯酸钠-苯酚分光光度法测定甲醇处理的瘤胃液中氨态氮浓度   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

屯妮萨·麦提赛伊迪  阿里娅古丽·依布热依木  阿依沙依拉  杨开伦 《新疆农业科学》2012,49(3):565-570

[目的]建立一种适于测定用甲醇处理的瘤胃液中氨态氮浓度的碱性次氯酸钠-苯酚分光光度法方法.[方法]比较加或不加甲醇对标准氨态氮线性回归方程的影响,对比色波长、显色稳定性进行测定,进行回收率、精密度试验,并用建立的方法实际测定甲醇处理的绵羊癌胃液中氨态氮浓度.[结果]反应物在37℃水浴10 min、室温下放置10 min后显色更加稳定,最大吸收波长为650nm;氨态氮浓度在1～32 mg/100 mL时与650nm处吸光度值的相关系数为0.9999,回收率97.2;～103.7;(平均为99.9;);标准溶液和样品溶液的吸光度值日间变异系数、日内变异系数均小于5;.[结论]在样品液中含有50;体积比例的甲醇对碱性次氯酸钠-苯酚分光光度法测定氨态氮浓度没有影响,可用于经甲醇处理的瘤胃液中氨态氮浓度的测定.  相似文献   

不同淀粉源饲料的瘤胃降解特性研究初探     

李瑞丽  刘建新 《饲料工业》2006,27(15):22-24

通过尼龙袋法测定了5种淀粉源饲料在瘤胃的降解率。结果显示,玉米和荞麦在瘤胃的有效降解率(60.0%和61.6%)低于燕麦、小麦和大麦(78.9%、75.4%、69.8%)(P<0.05);燕麦的可溶性淀粉含量比较高,大麦和小麦表现出在9h内已经达到大部分被降解。  相似文献