不同粗饲料组合日粮对不同牧草在肉牛瘤胃内降解特性的影响     

张颖  霍晓伟 《河南农业科学》2015,44(2):135-138,155

为研究不同粗饲料日粮在肉牛瘤胃中的降解规律,选择3头体质量相近的装有永久性瘘管的科尔沁黄牛为试验动物,饲喂含有不同苜蓿比例(0~70%)的稻草基础日粮,采用尼龙袋法测定瘤胃中7种牧草(稻草、王草、东非狼尾草、幼嫩苜蓿、苜蓿草块、三叶草、小冠花)干物质(DM)、粗蛋白(CP)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)48 h的降解特性。结果显示,随着日粮中苜蓿比例的增加,7种牧草DM、CP和NDF的降解率增加,当日粮中苜蓿比例从0增到30%时,7种牧草DM、CP和NDF降解率提高的幅度比较大,苜蓿含量从50%增到70%时,降解率提高的幅度降低。苜蓿比例为70%时,稻草、王草、三叶草、小冠花、东非狼尾草DM的降解率分别比苜蓿比例0组显著高3.74%、1.96%、1.46%、1.88%、1.73%,稻草、王草、苜蓿草块、三叶草、小冠花、东非狼尾草NDF的降解率分别比苜蓿比例0组显著高5.17%、2.69%、1.69%、2.01%、1.67%、2.19%。7种牧草CP的降解率在各苜蓿比例(0、30%、50%、70%)组间差异均不显著。可见,稻草日粮中添加苜蓿可明显提高牧草DM、NDF的瘤胃降解率,对CP影响较小。  相似文献   

Bread dough toxicosis in dogs     

Charlotte Means  DVM  MLIS 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2003,13(1):39-41

Objective: To provide information on the ingestion, and subsequent toxicity, of raw bread dough in dogs. Case summary: A report from the ASPCA animal poison control center (APCC) files of 3 cases of ingestion of raw bread dough by dogs. Clinical signs included vomiting, ataxia, blindness, hypothermia, and recumbency. All dogs were successfully treated for ethanol toxicosis. New information: Ingestion of bread dough can cause gastric obstruction, bloat, or ethanol toxicosis. The treatment of ethanol toxicosis, including decontamination, IV fluids, management of metabolic acidosis, and hypoglycemia is discussed. Yohimbine can be used in cases where the dog is comatose or has developed severe respiratory depression.  相似文献   

Aflatoxin B<Subscript>1</Subscript> Binding to Sorbents in Bovine Ruminal Fluid   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Spotti M  Fracchiolla ML  Arioli F  Caloni F  Pompa G 《Veterinary research communications》2005,29(6):507-515

A recent approach to the problem of contamination of agricultural products by aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁) is to add non-nutritional adsorbents to animal diets in order to sequester ingested aflatoxins. We conducted in vitro experiments to develop a rapid and cheap model using ruminal fluid to assess the ability of sorbent materials to bind AFB₁. Seven sorbents (hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate; clinoptilolite; zeolite; two types of bentonite; sepiolite; and PHIL 75), commonly added to bovine diets were incubated in water and ruminal fluid in the presence of AFB₁. Hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate, sepiolite and one of the bentonites bound 100% of the AFB₁ in the presence of both ruminal fluid and water; clinoptilolite bound about 80% of AFB₁ in both liquids; whereas the affinities for the mycotoxin of zeolite (50%) and the other sample of bentonite (60%) in water seem to be increased by about 40% in ruminal fluid incubations. PHIL 75 had the poorest binding ability: about 30% in water and 45% in ruminal fluid. In view of the differences in toxin binding in water and ruminal fluid, it is preferable to use the ruminal fluid model for the in vitro pre-screening of sorbent materials potentially useful as adjuvants to ruminant feeds.  相似文献   

不同水平整粒棉籽对肉牛瘤胃机能的影响     

王平  王加启  龚月生 《畜牧兽医学报》2004,35(6):646-652

以3头体重600±100 kg、装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的7岁西杂阉牛为研究对象,采用3×3拉丁方设计,研究日粮中不同整粒棉籽水平对肉牛瘤胃机能的影响.3种试验日粮分别为饲喂基础日粮的对照组(CT);含13%整粒棉籽中棉籽组(MC);含25%整粒棉籽高棉籽组(HC).研究结果显示,与处理CT相比,处理MC、HC的pH平均值略有降低(-0.11、-0.09),各处理在同一个时间点的pH值变化不显著(P＞0.05).处理MC的NH3-N浓度平均值最高(7.01 mmol/L);与处理CT相比,处理MC的NH3-N浓度平均值上升0.29 mmol/L,处理HC的NH3-N浓度平均值下降0.07 mmol/L.与处理CT相比,处理MC、HC的总VFA浓度分别提高7.4%、3.5%,乙酸和丙酸浓度平均值也较处理CT有所提高,而丁酸浓度和乙酸/丙酸值比处理CT低;3种日粮间的乙酸/丙酸的平均值存在着显著性差异(P＜0.05),其平均值分别为4.49、4.35、4.05.添加整粒棉籽会显著降低稻草和棉籽中养分的有效降解率EDP(P＜0.05).  相似文献   

D-lactate production and excretion in diarrheic calves     

Ewaschuk JB  Naylor JM  Palmer R  Whiting SJ  Zello GA 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2004,18(5):744-747

The origin of D-lactate, the most important acid contributing to metabolic acidosis in the diarrheic calf, is unknown. We hypothesized that because D-lactate is produced only by microbes, gastrointestinal fermentation is the source. The objective of this study was to determine whether D-lactate production occurs in the rumen, colon, or both, and to measure D- and L-lactate concentrations in urine. Fecal, rumen, blood, and urine samples were obtained from 16 diarrheic and 11 healthy calves. Serum electrolyte concentrations were measured in both groups, and blood gas analyses were performed for diarrheic calves. All samples were analyzed for D- and L-lactate by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Diarrheic calves were generally hyperkalemic with high serum anion gap, depressed serum bicarbonate, and low blood pH. L-lactate was markedly higher in rumen contents (22.7 mmol/ L [median]) and feces (8.6 mmol/L) of diarrheic calves than healthy calves (0.5 mmol/L and 5.1 mmol/L, respectively), but not different in serum or urine. Rumen, fecal, serum, and urine D-lactate concentrations were all significantly higher (P < .05) in diarrheic calves (17.0, 25.4, 13.9, and 19.2 mmol/L, respectively) than in healthy calves (0.5, 9.1, 1.4, and 0.5 mmol/L, respectively). Higher D-lactate concentrations in the rumen and feces of diarrheic calves suggests these sites as the source of D-lactate in blood and urine.  相似文献   

3种瘤胃疾病对肉牛瘤胃内环境的影响     

万春云  杨为为  蔡召俊 《福建农林大学学报(自然科学版)》2012,41(2):163-165

为探讨肉牛瘤胃疾病对瘤胃内环境的影响,采集患病肉牛瘤胃液进行pH、纤毛虫数量和活力的测定,并镜检瘤胃切片.结果表明,肉牛患瘤胃疾病时,一般引起瘤胃液pH降低,酸中毒时,均值为5.03,纤毛虫活力明显减弱,数量显著下降,最低纤毛虫数量为0.病理切片结果显示,主要的病变为瘤胃出血、充血,炎性细胞浸润和固有膜损伤.可见,肉牛瘤胃疾病能极大地影响瘤胃内环境,进而影响牛的健康.  相似文献   

奶牛瘤胃亚急性酸中毒的产生原因和营养学控制方法     

周俊  章森  董国忠 《动物营养学报》2012,(3):439-446

瘤胃亚急性酸中毒是目前困扰奶牛生产的一大难题。高精、低粗的饲粮结构会引起瘤胃微生物区系结构改变,挥发性脂肪酸浓度升高,瘤胃液 ｐＨ下降,从而引起瘤胃亚急性酸中毒。奶牛发生瘤胃亚急性酸中毒时瘤胃液细菌内毒素浓度升高。高浓度的内毒素转运至血液引发急性期反应,血浆中矿物质和代谢物水平发生改变,从而使奶牛生产性能下降。本文对高精饲粮下瘤胃中内毒素的产生和转运以及内毒素引发的急性期反应进行综述,同时,根据近年来的研究进展重点介绍一些减少内毒素产生和转运的新方法,旨在为更好地控制或减少瘤胃亚急性酸中毒时内毒素对奶牛的危害提供参考。  相似文献   

隐性代谢性酸中毒对肉牛育肥效果的影响     

南金鱼  王得文 《畜牧兽医杂志》2013,32(4):21-23

反刍动物过量采食精料会引起瘤胃内乳酸蓄积,使体内酸碱平衡失调、体液pH值下降,重者可导致死亡,轻者影响生长发育。本试验选用育肥期日龄、体重差异不显著的肉牛40头,随机分成4组,按不同日饲喂精料量分组喂养,通过检测生理指标、调整日饲喂精料量,论证长期隐性代谢性酸中毒(瘤胃液pH值在5～5.52、尿液pH值在5.05～5.61之间)对肉牛育肥效果的影响。结果显示在育肥过程中隐性代谢性酸中毒牛群与健康牛群相比增重比低了11.61个百分点。  相似文献   

Preliminary clinical pharmacological investigations of tylosin and tiamulin in chickens     

G. Ziv 《The Veterinary quarterly》2013,33(4):206-210

Summary

The minimal inhibitory concentrations (M1C) of tiamulin and tylosin for mycoplasma. Gram‐positive, and Gram‐negative micro‐organisms isolated from chickens were determinated by the agar dilution method. Median M1C values for tiamulin against Mycoplasma gallisepticum (0.05 μg/ml) and Mycoplasma synoviae (0.10 μg/ml) were 2 to 4 times lower than the corresponding values for tylosin. Tiamulin was also slightly more effective in vitro in inhibiting Escherichia coli, Pasteurella multocida, and beta‐haemolytic streptococci than was tylosin. Groups of chicken were offered tiamulin medicated drinking water at rates of 125 and 250 mg/litre for 48 hours. Average serum tiamulin concentrations were 0.38 and 0.78 μg/ml, respectively. When tylosin tartrate was added to the drinking water at 500 and 700 mg/litre, average serum drug levels were 0.12 and 0.17 μg/ml, respectively.

Tiamulin was 45% bound in chicken serum, as against 30% serum protein binding or tylosin. Correlations were made between free (non protein bound) serum drug levels and the MIC values of the two drugs. Such comparisons suggest that when tiamulin is given in the drinking water at rates of 125 to 250 mg/litre, better antimycoplasmal activity is to be expected in vivo than by giving tylosin tartrate in the drinking water at 500 to 700 mg/litre. Based on these data, no clinical efficacy of these dose rates can be expected in flocks infected by gram‐negative microorganisms such as E. coli or P. multocida. The tylosin tartrate rate of 500 to 700 mg/litre, may be clinical ineffective the treatment of Staphylococcus aureus infections.  相似文献   

Experimental studies on the impact of an increased dose of anionic salts on the metabolism of dairy cows     

C.‐C. Gelfert  M. Passfeld  A. Löptien  N. Montag  W. Baumgartner  R. Staufenbiel 《The Veterinary quarterly》2013,33(4):130-139

Summary

This study was initiated to investigate the influence of a daily dose of anionic salts (AS) above the valid upper limit at present on metabolism of dairy cows. Eleven non‐pregnant and non‐lactating Holstein‐Friesian crossbred cows with a permanent rumen cannula were used in a study with a controlled feeding design. The initial daily dose was 2500 meq/day, which resulted in a Dietary Cation Anion Difference (DCAD) of ‐211 meq/kg dry matter. Every seven days, the daily dose was raised by 500 meq. If a cow stopped eating, the application of AS was stopped and these cows were monitored over the next seven days. On day 30 another batch of hay, having the same DCAD but higher concentrations of minerals and energy, was fed. Blood and urine samples were taken to monitor acid‐base balance and calcium concentrations. Acid‐base balance was strongly influenced by AS. Blood pH dropped steadily and reached values around 7.23. Urine pH dropped quickly below 6 and remained at that level regardless of the increased dosage of AS. Net acid base excretion (NABE) fell continuously with the increase of the dosage of AS and reached values below ‐200 mmol/l. Calcium concentrations in the serum were nearly stable, but those in urine increased sharply and remained on an elevated level with increasing doses of AS. A few days before the individual cow's refusal of feed intake, calcium excretion in urine decreased. The majority of cows stopped eating while consuming a diet containing 3500 to 4000 meq AS except two animals who consumed up to 6000 meq/day AS but they received the better hay in the second half of the treatment period. In this time pH in blood increased slowly. NABE remained stable on a low level at ‐100 mmol/l. The results showed that with an increasing amount of AS fed the risk of clinical acidosis increased. The decreasing urine concentrations of calcium indicate a breakdown of the compensation capability of the single cow. Besides the dose of AS fed, the quality of the feed stuff might be another factor concerning the tolerance of cows against AS.  相似文献