邳州部分路段水杉死亡原因探析及复壮措施     

汤艳 《金陵科技学院学报》2011,27(2):74-77

近几年邳州市部分路段水杉出现死亡症状。从水杉生长环境的变化、发病水杉与正常水杉生长状况的比较两个方面分析其死亡原因,并提出复壮措施。  相似文献   

Involvement of a vascular hypersensitive response in quantitative resistance to Ralstonia solanacearum on tomato rootstock cultivar LS‐89          下载免费PDF全文

K. Nakaho  S. Seo  K. Ookawa  Y. Inoue  S. Ando  Y. Kanayama  S. Miyashita  H. Takahashi 《Plant pathology》2017,66(1):150-158

Ralstonia solanacearum causes bacterial wilt disease in Solanaceae spp. Expression of the Phytophthora inhibitor protease 1 (PIP1) gene, which encodes a papain‐like extracellular cysteine protease, is induced in R. solanacearum‐inoculated stem tissues of quantitatively resistant tomato cultivar LS‐89, but not in susceptible cultivar Ponderosa. Phytophthora inhibitor protease 1 is closely related to Rcr3, which is required for the Cf‐2‐mediated hypersensitive response (HR) to the leaf mould fungus Cladosporium fulvum and manifestation of HR cell death. However, up‐regulation of PIP1 in R. solanacearum‐inoculated LS‐89 stems was not accompanied by visible HR cell death. Nevertheless, upon electron microscopic examination of inoculated stem tissues of resistant cultivar LS‐89, several aggregated materials associated with HR cell death were observed in xylem parenchyma and pith cells surrounding xylem vessels. In addition, the accumulation of electron‐dense substances was observed within the xylem vessel lumen of inoculated stems. Moreover, when the leaves of LS‐89 or Ponderosa were infiltrated with 10⁶ cells mL^?1 R. solanacearum, cell death appeared in LS‐89 at 18 and 24 h after infiltration. The proliferation of bacteria in the infiltrated leaf tissues of LS‐89 was suppressed to approximately 10–30% of that in Ponderosa, and expression of the defence‐related gene PR‐2 and HR marker gene hsr203J was induced in the infiltrated tissues. These results indicated that the response of LS‐89 is a true HR, and induction of vascular HR in xylem parenchyma and pith cells surrounding xylem vessels seems to be associated with quantitative resistance of LS‐89 to R. solanacearum.  相似文献   

磷脂酶C参与ParA1诱导的烟草悬浮细胞死亡和防卫反应     

魏芳芳  王蕾  王莲莲  柳金伟  梁元存  王玉军 《中国农业科学》2010,43(20):4176-4182

【目的】研究寄生疫霉Phytophthora parasitica分泌的蛋白激发子ParA1诱导烟草悬浮细胞后,磷脂酶C(phospholipase C,PLC)参与ParA1诱导烟草过敏细胞死亡(hypersensitive cell death,HCD)和防卫反应。【方法】采用药理学方法,在烟草悬浮细胞中添加PLC抑制剂,比较烟草悬浮细胞受ParA1诱导后细胞死亡和多种防卫反应的差别。【结果】PLC特异性抑制剂U73122能完全抑制ParA1引起的烟草悬浮细胞死亡,氧迸发、胞外基质碱化和植保素scopoletin(7-羟基-6-甲氧基香豆素)积累都能显著地被抑制,5种防卫基因hin1、hsr203J、PR(pathogenesis-related)-1a、PR-1b和PAL等的转录表达也都受到U73122不同程度的抑制。【结论】ParA1处理烟草悬浮细胞后,PLC参与了ParA1诱导细胞死亡和防卫反应的信号传导过程。  相似文献   

Spotted-Leaf Mutants of Rice(Oryza sativa)     

HUANG Qi-na  #  YANG Yang  SHI Yong-feng  CHEN Jie  WU Jian-li State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology/Chinese National Center for Rice Improvement  China National Rice Research Institute  Hangzhou  China  College of Life  Environmental Sciences  Hangzhou Normal University  Hangzhou 《水稻科学》2010,17(4):247-256

Many rice spotted-leaf(spl) mutants are ideal sources for understanding the mechanisms involved in blast resistance,bacterial blight resistance and programmed cell death in plants.The genetic controls of 50 spotted-leaf mutants in rice have been characterized and a few spotted-leaf genes have been isolated as well.This article reviews the origin,genetic modes,isolation and characterization of spotted-leaf genes responsible for their phenotypes,and their resistance responses to main rice diseases.  相似文献   

Diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of different methods used by two laboratories for the detection of Phytophthora ramorum on multiple natural hosts     

A. M. Vettraino  S. Sukno  A. Vannini  M. Garbelotto 《Plant pathology》2010,59(2):289-300

Five detection methods were comparatively tested on putative Phytophthora ramorum field samples from 41 wild plant species. The tested methods included two culture‐based assays, a DAS‐ELISA‐based polyclonal assay, a nested PCR‐based assay, and a TaqMan real‐time PCR assay. Diagnostic values including sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were calculated for each method. The effects of host species, seasonality and host location were analysed and compared between two laboratories. Significant effects of season, host species and laboratory were detected. It is concluded that a combination of either culturing and molecular diagnosis or of two molecular assays is the most promising approach to diagnose this pathogen. Based on the results of this and other studies, diagnosis should occur as much as possible during wet and warm periods favourable to the pathogen, and proficiency tests should be performed to compare results obtained with molecular approaches in different laboratories. Furthermore, length of time lapsed between sample collection and processing strongly affected the diagnostic sensitivity of culture‐based methods, and therefore needs to be taken into account when comparing results from different laboratories.  相似文献   

Effects of Microtubule Polymerization Inhibitor on the Hypersensitive Response of Wheat Induced by the Non-Host Pathogen Sphaerotheca fuliginea   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

LI Hong-li  WANG Hai-yan  HAO Xin-yuan  SONG Xiao-he  MA Qing 《中国农业科学(英文版)》2010,9(3):378-382

The plant cytoskeleton is a highly dynamic and versatile intracellular scaffold composed of microtubules and microfilaments, serving a multiplicity of functions in plant cells. To reveal the relationship between the cytoskeleton in wheat （Triticum aestivum L.） cv. Suwon 11 attacked by the non-host pathogen Sphaerotheca fuliginea and the initiation of the hypersensitive response, the microtubule inhibitor oryzalin was injected into the wheat leaves immediately prior to inoculation. The incidence of hypersensitive cell death was significantly lower than that in water-treated control. In addition, the occurrence of hypersensitive cell death was also delayed and S. fuliginea was able to penetrate and form haustoria in epidermal tissues of wheat. All the results above indicated that hypersensitive cell death was associated with depolymerisation of microtubules, suggesting that microtubules might play an important role in the expression of non-host resistance of wheat.  相似文献   

细胞凋亡信号传导通路的研究进展   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  

王力俭  田可川  吴伟伟  徐新明  张廷虎  张艳花  哈尼克孜 《中国畜牧兽医》2011,38(10):132-135

细胞凋亡是多细胞生物调控生物体的发育、细胞更新和维持内环境稳定的一种重要机制。目前发现细胞凋亡存在死亡受体通路、线粒体通路和内质网通路3条通路,且各通路之间相互联系,共同促进细胞凋亡。作者综述了近年来细胞凋亡信号传导通路及其调控的研究进展。  相似文献   

鸡胚接种部位消毒范围对早死率的影响     

裴春生 《中国兽药杂志》2010,44(6):30-31

在接种部位消毒范围对鸡胚影响的实验中,使用三批次鸡胚并将每批次分成相等的两份,在分别采用气室全消毒和接种部位消毒两种方法消毒后,进行接种病毒培养来观察鸡胚的早死率。结果表明,在24 h内,用气室全消毒方法接种后的鸡胚死亡率是17.4%、15.9%、17.0%,而用接种部位消毒方法接种后,鸡胚的死亡率是6.5%、6.3%、6.4%。由此可见,气室全消毒接种鸡胚的死亡率远大于接种部位消毒方法接种鸡胚的死亡率。  相似文献   

Ventricular Arrhythmias during Race Recovery in Standardbred Racehorses and Associations with Autonomic Activity     

P.W. Physick‐Sheard  M.K.J. McGurrin 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2010,24(5):1158-1166

Background: A lack of information on normal heart rhythm at maximal effort hampers investigation of poor performance and sudden death in Standardbred racing. Hypothesis/Objective: To characterize rhythm variations during scheduled racing in clinically normal Standardbred horses. Animals: Two hundred and eighty‐eight Standardbred horses competing in 40 scheduled races at a Southern Ontario racetrack. Methods: Observational study, convenience sampling: Heart rhythm was monitored by ECG from harnessing to postrace recovery and assessed visually and by examining heart rate intervals. Rhythm variations were used as response variables in multivariate analysis of race records detailing signalment, race, and race outcome. Results: Monitoring involved 345 individual horse or race events. Occasional, isolated premature cycles, only, occurred during the race. Postrace, sudden cardiac slowing (punctuated deceleration [PD]) appeared in 42 events (12.2%). Only premature ventricular complexes were exhibited in 40 events postrace (11.6%), whereas 55 (15.9%) exhibited complex ventricular arrhythmias (CVA) including torsades‐like polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, 34.5% of these being closely associated with PD (odds ratio = 8). Predispositions to CVA were found for horses parked at the 1/2 mile (odds ratio = 3), and trotters breaking in the stretch (odds ratio = 38). Horses spontaneously reverted to sinus rhythm and no sudden death events were encountered. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Arrhythmias occur frequently in racing Standardbreds during cardiac deceleration, often associated with sudden, rapid increases in vagal tone. Circumstances imposing unusual demand and racing at the trot appear to predispose. Findings provide insight into possible mechanisms of sudden death.  相似文献   

Thirteen-week Intravenous Toxicity Study of a Novel Humanized Anti-Human Death Receptor 5 Monoclonal Antibody, CS-1008, in Cynomolgus Monkeys     

Kimotsuki T  Tanaka K  Sugiura T  Koyama K  Nakamura T  Kamimura Y  Takasaki W  Manabe S 《Journal of toxicologic pathology》2010,23(1):11-17

CS-1008, a humanized monoclonal antibody that is agonistic to human death receptor 5, was intravenously administered to cynomolgus monkeys twice a week for 13 weeks at 3 different dose levels (5, 15 and 42 mg/kg) in order to evaluate its potential toxicity. A control group received phosphate buffered saline containing 0.01% polysorbate 80. Each of the 4 groups consisted of 3 male and 3 female cynomolgus monkeys. No animal in any group died during the dosing period. No toxic changes in clinical signs, food consumption, body weight, electrocardiography, ophthalmology, urinalysis, hematology, blood chemistry, gross pathology, organ weights or histopathology were noted in any group during the dosing period. In the toxicokinetic analysis, the values for the maximum concentration of CS-1008 in plasma and the area under the curve generally increased with increasing dose. No clear differences in the toxicokinetic parameters or profiles were observed between the sexes. Development of anti-CS-1008 antibodies was not detected in any sample. The no-observed adverse-effect level (NOAEL) of CS-1008 in cynomolgus monkeys under the conditions of this study was concluded to be 42 mg/kg in both sexes, when administered intravenously twice a week for 13 weeks. This study supports the development of CS-1008 as a therapeutic biopharmaceutical.  相似文献