Comparison of birth weight and umbilical and placental characteristics of cloned and artificial insemination-derived piglets     

Zheng AO  Chengfa ZHAO  Yanmin GAN  Xiao WU  Junsong SHI  Enqin ZHENG  Dewu LIU  Gengyuan CAI  Zhenfang WU  Zicong LI 《农业科学与工程前沿(英文版)》2019,6(1):54

Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT)-derived piglets have significantly higher stillbirth rate and postnatal mortality rate than artificial insemination (AI)-generated piglets. The question whether the low survival rate of SCNT piglets was related to birth weight, umbilical cord or placenta development was investigated. In this study, stillbirth rate, neonatal death rate, birth weight, umbilical cord status, placental parameters and placental gene expression patterns were compared between SCNT and AI piglets. Results showed that mortality rates at birth and during the neonatal stage of SCNT piglets were significantly higher than those of AI piglets. The incidence of abnormal umbilical cord in SCNT and SCNT-liveborn (SCNT-LB) piglets was significantly higher than in AI and AI-liveborn (AI-LB) piglets. Birth weight, placental weight, placental surface area and placental efficiency in SCNT and SCNT-LB piglets were significantly lower than those of AI and AI-LB piglets. Placental expression profiles of imprinting, angiopoiesis and nutrient transport-related genes were defective in SCNT-LB piglets compared with those in AI-LB piglets. Thus, the low survival rate of SCNT piglets may be associated with abnormal umbilical cord and placenta development. These characteristics may have resulted from aberrant expression of angiogenesis, nutrient transport, and imprinting-related genes in the placentas.  相似文献   

Reactive oxygen species are involved in cell death in wheat roots against powdery mildew     

Cheng-yang LI  Nan ZHANG  Bin GUAN  Zhu-qing ZHOU  Fang-zhu MEI 《农业科学学报》2019,18(9):1961-1970

Inoculation of wheat(Triticum aestivum L.) leaves with wheat powdery mildew fungus(Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici) induces the cell death in adventitious roots. Reactive oxygen species(ROS) play a key role in respond to biotic stress in plants. To study the involvement of ROS and the degree of cell death in the wheat roots following inoculation, ROS levels and microstructure of root cells were analyzed in two wheat cultivars that are susceptible(Huamai 8) and resistant(Shenmai 8) to powdery mildew fungus. At 18 d after powdery mildew fungus inoculation, only Huamai 8 displayed the leaf lesions, while root cell death occurred in both varieties. Huamai 8 had a high level of ROS accumulation, which is associated with increased root cell degradation, while in Shenmai 8, there was little ROS accumulation correlating with slight root cell degradation. The molecular study about the expression levels of ROS scavenging genes(MnSOD and CAT) in wheat roots showed that these genes expression decreased after the leaves of wheat was inoculated. The difference between Huamai 8 and Shenmai 8 on subcellular localization of H2 O2 and O2–· was corresponded with the different down-regulation of the genes encoding for superoxide dismutase and catalase in two wheat cultivars. These results suggested that ROS were involved in the process by which powdery mildew fungus induced cell death in wheat roots.  相似文献   

Analysis of sinking death using video images of the swimming performance of Pacific Bluefin tuna (Thunnus orientalis) larvae     

《Aquacultural Engineering》2020

In this study, we aimed to clarify the mechanism of sinking death during the larval stage of Pacific Bluefin tuna Thunnus orientalis by investigating the effects of swimming performance on sinking death, using a behavioral approach. Swimming performance was examined 3–9 days after hatching (DAH) under day and night light conditions in cuboid experimental tanks. Swimming behavior variables such as swimming speed and swimming angle were measured under both light conditions. Larvae in the daytime experiment and larvae with inflated swim bladders at night were distributed on the surface layer of the water column. In contrast, larvae with uninflated swim bladders at night were frequently observed swimming vertically or sinking to the bottom of the tank. Larvae with inflated swim bladders at night were always distributed beneath the surface until the next morning (survival rates were 100 %). However, larvae with uninflated swim bladders at night swam upward repeatedly and later sank to the bottom of the tank (survival rates were 60 % and 38 % at 5 and 9 DAH, respectively). Larvae with uninflated swim bladders were not always able to maintain their swimming depth by swimming until the next morning. Additionally, their swimming speed and vertical swimming frequency (ratio) depended on the illumination and swim bladder conditions. Our findings show that larvae with uninflated swim bladders at night were associated with a higher risk of sinking death. The swimming energy capacity of Pacific Bluefin tuna larvae, which indicates the total amount of the energy that enables individuals to swim throughout the night without feeding, was found to be linked to sinking death.  相似文献   

Prevalence of Electrolyte Disturbances and Perianesthetic Death Risk Factors in 120 Horses Undergoing Colic Surgery     

《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2020

The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of intraoperative electrolyte disturbances and risk factors associated with perianesthetic death in horses undergoing colic surgery. The files of 120 horses meeting the inclusion criteria were reviewed. Data retrieved from the medical records, including demographic data and the occurrence of electrolyte disturbances and other intraoperative complications, were analyzed with a two step-approach by univariate and multivariate logistic regression models. Hypocalcemia was the most represented electrolyte disturbance (52.5%), followed by hypokalemia (30.0%) that was associated with intraoperative administration of salbutamol (P = .045). Perianesthetic death occurred in 46 horses, accounting for an overall mortality rate of 38.3%. Risk factors associated with death were anesthetic duration (P = .001), body weight (P = .020), presence of gastric reflux before anesthesia (P = .021), and intraoperative tachycardia (P = .043) and acidosis (P = .025). The mortality in the study population was comparable to previously reported findings. Based on the study findings, it is advisable to optimize hemodynamics prior to anesthesia, in order to prevent intraoperative tachycardia that is associated with increased risk of death. Heavier horses and those with gastric reflux may have a higher risk of fatalities, and intraoperative salbutamol administration may contribute to hypokalemia.  相似文献   

The Pathophysiology of Dying     

《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice》2020,50(3):513-524

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Optical coherence tomography and molecular analysis of sudden acquired retinal degeneration syndrome (SARDS) eyes suggests the immune‐mediated nature of retinal damage     

Sinisa D. Grozdanic  Tatjana Lazic  Helga Kecova  Kabhilan Mohan  Markus H. Kuehn 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2019,22(3):305-327

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Diagnostic utility of clinical and laboratory test parameters for differentiating between sudden acquired retinal degeneration syndrome and pituitary‐dependent hyperadrenocorticism in dogs     

Annie Oh  Melanie L. Foster  Jonathan G. Williams  Chaowen Zheng  Hongyu Ru  Katharine F. Lunn  Freya M. Mowat 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2019,22(6):842-858

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Evaluation of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II as a candidate for sudden acquired retinal degeneration syndrome (SARDS) in Dachshunds     

Stephanie J. Stromberg  Sara M. Thomasy  Ariana D. Marangakis  Soohyun Kim  Ann E. Cooper  Emily A. Brown  David J. Maggs  Danika L. Bannasch 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2019,22(6):751-759

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致病性大肠杆菌HPI对Caspase-1细胞焦亡相关分子表达的影响     

茶金龙  刘超英  高洪  王世玉  单春兰  景麟稀  王浩  杨伟 《中国畜牧兽医》2019,46(11):3181-3189

为研究云南撒坝猪致病性大肠杆菌高致病性毒力岛（HPI）致猪源巨噬细胞焦亡的分子机制,本试验以云南撒坝猪致病性大肠杆菌HPI阳性株感染猪源巨噬细胞为切入点,从云南楚雄州某规模养殖场采集撒坝猪仔猪黄白痢的粪便,对大肠杆菌进行分离纯化,并通过PCR技术对HPI irp2基因进行检测,分别以HPI阳性株（HPI⁺）和阴性株（HPI^-）感染巨噬细胞,并设立LPS+ATP组和空白对照组,于0.5和6 h收集各组细胞及其上清。应用实时荧光定量PCR法检测不同组Caspase-1、IL-1β和IL-18 mRNA表达水平的变化;应用ELISA检测细胞上清pro-IL-1β、pro-IL-18、IL-1β和IL-18含量的变化。结果显示,试验成功分离得到致病性大肠杆菌,经PCR检测成功获得HPI irp2基因阳性株,经实时荧光定量PCR法检测后发现HPI⁺组、HPI^-组与空白对照组相比,Caspase-1、IL-1β和IL-18 mRNA表达水平均呈上调趋势,且HPI⁺组高于HPI^-组。ELISA检测结果显示,与空白对照组相比,HPI⁺组和HPI^-组pro-IL-1β、pro-IL-18、IL-1β和IL-18的蛋白表达量普遍呈上调趋势,且HPI⁺组均高于HPI^-组。结果表明,云南撒坝猪致病性大肠杆菌HPI可通过上调猪源巨噬细胞中Caspase-1、IL-1β和IL-18 mRNA的表达量促进猪源巨噬细胞炎性因子IL-1β和IL-18的释放,诱发炎症,最终促进猪源巨噬细胞发生细胞焦亡。  相似文献   

The risk of death: the confidential enquiry into perioperative small animal fatalities   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Brodbelt DC  Blissitt KJ  Hammond RA  Neath PJ  Young LE  Pfeiffer DU  Wood JL 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2008,35(5):365-373

Objective To estimate the risks of anaesthetic and sedation‐related mortality in companion animals in the UK. (The Confidential Enquiry into Perioperative Small Animal Fatalities, CEPSAF). Study design A prospective cohort study with nested case–control study. Animal population All small animals anaesthetized and sedated at participating centres between June 2002 and June 2004. Methods Patient outcomes at 48 hours (alive, dead and killed) were recorded. Anaesthetic and sedation‐related death was defined as death where surgical or pre‐existing medical causes did not solely cause death. Species‐specific risks of anaesthetic‐related death and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated. Risks were also estimated in the sub‐sets of dogs, cats and rabbits that were either healthy or sick (ASA 1–2 and 3–5, respectively). Results One hundred and seventeen veterinary practices participated in the study and 98 036 dogs, 79 178 cats and 8209 rabbits were anaesthetized and sedated. Overall risks of anaesthetic and sedation‐related death in dogs were 0.17% (1 in 601, 95% CI 0.14–0.19%), in cats 0.24% (1 in 419, 95% CI 0.20–0.27%) and in rabbits 1.39% (1 in 72, 95% CI 1.14–1.64%) within 48 hours of the procedure. In healthy dogs, cats and rabbits, the risks were estimated to be 0.05% (1 in 1849, 95% CI 0.04–0.07%), 0.11%, (1 in 895, 95% CI 0.09–0.14%) and 0.73% (1 in 137, 95% CI 0.54–0.93%), respectively. In sick dogs, cats and rabbits, the risks were 1.33%, (1 in 75, 95% CI 1.07–1.60%), 1.40% (1 in 71, 95% CI 1.12–1.68%) and 7.37% (1 in 14, 95% CI 5.20–9.54%), respectively. Postoperative deaths accounted for 47% of deaths in dogs, 61% in cats and 64% in rabbits. Most other small animal species had higher mortality risks. Conclusions and clinical relevance Small animal anaesthesia appears to be increasingly safe. Greater patient care in the postoperative period could reduce fatalities.  相似文献