家兔角膜硷烧伤微量元素Zn、Cu含量及角膜胶原代谢变化     

肖安东  李哲  钱锋  李京城  王玉森 《中国兽医学报》1989,(4)

选体重2.5kg左右健康家兔48只,随机分为2组。实验组兔(32只)双眼角膜贴附浸有0.5mol/L NaOH液的滤纸50s后致中度碱烧伤,对照组兔(16只)不予处理。观察期间(50d),实验组兔主要呈现间歇性角膜溃疡,其角膜胶原含量和血清游离Hyp含量变化证实,角膜溃疡的发生是由于烧伤后胶原合成减少和分解加强所致;角膜Zn含量与胶原酶活性有内在联系,而Cu含量对胶原酶活性无影响。据胶原分解高峰出现时间,临床应用胶原酶抑制剂的时机宜在烧伤后7d之前。  相似文献   

Selenium and zinc concentrations in kidney, liver and muscle of cattle from different parts of Norway.     

I Hellesnes  B Underdal  G Lunde  G N Havre 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》1975,16(4):481-491

Cattle slaughtered in four different parts of Norway have been examined with respect to selenium and zinc content in kidney, liver and muscle. Highest selenium concentrations were found in kidney and lowest in muscle. In spite of extensive use of standardized concentrates, geographic differences were detected with regard to selenium tissue levels, animals from the southeastern inland region having the lowest levels. According to other workers, this region has low-selenium humus soils, and selenium responsive diseases among young ruminants have been of considerable importance, especially when concentrates had not been given during winter feeding. The recorded tissue selenium levels are compared to other workers’ proposals for normal values. All animals examined in this study seem to be well within healthy limits. Kidney, liver and muscle from cattle are good sources of selenium with respect to human nutrition.As far as zinc concentrations are concerned, muscle has the highest and kidney the lowest levels. Geographic differences were found, and individuals from the midland and northern coastal regions have the highest zinc tissue levels. Cattle from the northern coastal region seems to have especially high zinc concentrations in the organs.  相似文献   

Desert reclamation using Yellow River irrigation water in Ningxia, China     

M.A. Fullen  W. Fearnehough  D.J. Mitchell  I.C. Trueman 《Soil Use and Management》1995,11(2):77-83

Abstract. The effects of silt-laden Yellow River irrigation water on the properties of reclaimed dune sands were investigated at the Shapotou Research Station in Ningxia Autonomous Region, China. The practice resulted in distinct and rapid improvements in the physical and chemical properties of reclaimed desert soils. Irrigation led to the development of sandy loam topsoils, with up to 39 cm accumulating over 25 years of treatment. These topsoils had improved structure, greater soil organic matter contents and smaller bulk densities than buried desert sands. Geochemical analyses suggested river silt and sheep manure were making distinctive contributions to the improved soil fertility, with older topsoils having progressively greater concentrations of Ca, Mg, K, P, S, Fe, Mn and Zn. Soil Cr concentrations are increasing and it seems appropriate that changes in heavy metal concentrations in irrigated soils are monitored.  相似文献   

The Zinc and Copper Content of the Plasma of Sudanese Camels (Camelus dromedarius)     

Mohamed HE 《Veterinary research communications》2004,28(5):359-363

A study was undertaken to investigate the variations in the content of zinc and copper in the plasma of Sudanese camels (Camelus dromedarius). A total of 993 Arabi camels, aged 0.5-8 years, were used to assess the effect of season, age, sex and physiological status on the plasma concentrations of copper and zinc. There was an increase in the concentration of Cu and a decrease in the concentration of Zn in the plasma with age. The concentrations of both Cu and Zn in the plasma were higher in the rainy season than in the dry season. The plasma copper concentrations in pregnant, low-lactating and high-lactating camels were 81.3 +/- 4.7, 59.7 +/- 6.1 and 61.3 +/- 5.5 microg/100 ml, respectively. The corresponding values for zinc were 51.0 +/- 8.9, 53.4 +/- 6.4 and 67.1 +/- 5.5 microg/100 ml, respectively. However, there was no effect of sex on the content of these minerals in the plasma.  相似文献   

微肥在饲料玉米优质高产中应用的研究     

郭孝  李明 《家畜生态》2004,25(4):96-98

Zn、B、Mn三种微肥在一定浓度下能够促进饲料玉米生长,增强玉米的抗性、提高饲草和果实的产量。其中B肥的有效浓度为800mg/m3,能够提高叶面积指数7.27%,鲜草产量8.40%;Mn肥的有效浓度为600×10-6,能够提高叶面积指数5.36%,提高饲草产量6.30%;Zn肥的最佳浓度为600×10-6,能够提高果实产量9.23%。  相似文献   

Comparison of Soil Clean-up Standards for Trace Elements Between Countries: Why do they differ? (9 pages)     

Jeroen Provoost  Christa Cornelis  Frank Swartjes 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2006,6(3):173-181

Goal, Scope and Background

In the nineteen nineties most European countries issued legislation on soil protection, including soil contamination. In the case of a presumed contamination, soil investigation mostly follows a stepwise approach starting with a preliminary investigation, then an in-depth investigation and, finally, remediation. Soil clean-up standards are often foreseen as trigger criteria to determine the need for an in-depth soil investigation or for remediation. There are however large differences in soil clean-up standards. This is partly because of the different roles of soil clean-up standards in each legislative framework and partly because of differences in the soil clean-up standard (SCS) derivation procedures. Despites these differences there are large similarities in the concepts of the derivation procedures for clean-up standards. A better understanding of the differences in clean-up standards is needed. In order to clarify the variation, the background of the clean-up standards for a selected number of countries was investigated. The objective of this paper is to investigate the underlying reason why country-wide generic soil and groundwater clean-up standards of eight trace elements (cadmium, chromium (III), copper, mercury, lead, nickel, zinc and arsenic) differ between the selected countries.

Main Features

To avoid misinterpretation of the differences in application of the clean-up standards, a short overview of the legislative role of clean-up standards is given first. Differences in model concepts and parameter values are discussed, followed by a comparison of the generic soil and groundwater clean-up standards for trace elements and a discussion on the sources of variation. The influence of the use of ecotoxicological criteria and data for the derivation of soil clean-up standards will be discussed in more detail. Selected countries were Canada, the Flemish Region (Belgium), France, Germany, Great-Britain, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland and United States of America (USA).

Results and Discussion

When soil clean-up standards for eight trace elements (cadmium, chromium (III), copper, mercury, lead, nickel, zinc and arsenic) were compared between the selected countries differences of more than a factor 1000 arose. Notwithstanding the use of similar derivation procedures, differences were caused by the use of different software models with their specific input data, boundary conditions and applied protection criteria for humans and the ecology. Ecotoxicological criteria tend to lower the soil clean-up standard for the selected trace elements.

Conclusions

In the countries that are included in this study, clean-up standards are used is different ways, this is for the determination of the necessity for remediation or for the need for further soil investigation. This paper shows a wide variation in the clean-up standards, which has further implication on the decision for remediation or further investigation and, hence, the financial costs of soil management. All the clean-up standards have as primary goal the protection of human health. A number of countries also include the protection of the ecological function of the soil. Differences in selected software model, (standard) parameters values, selected human toxicological and ecotoxicological criteria, are reason for a substantial variation in the clean-up standards for trace elements.

Recommendations and Perspective

. Is this variation justified? The derivation of soil clean-up standards involves - besides scientific elements - political elements, like differentiation in landuse types (agricultural, residential, recreational, industrial), receptor at risk or protection level. It is obvious that harmonization of these elements will be complicated. However, a European action programme, like the thematic strategy for soil protection, could initiate this process of harmonization. Nevertheless, soil-clean-up standards could never be uniform over the whole of Europe because they include country specific elements (geographical, ethnological) and political decisions.  相似文献   

几种中微量元素肥料对烤烟产量及品质的影响     

宋牧  赵万鹏 《北京农业》2012,(15):92-94

2011年,在吉林省大安市、洮南市和镇赉县分别进行了大田烤烟,锰、硼、钼、锌和镁肥的施肥量和施用方法的试验研究。试验结果表明:在锰、硼、钼、锌和镁等中微量元素有效含量缺乏的烟田中,增施适量的中微肥,能够促进烤烟的营养均衡并在此基础上促进其生长;能够提高土壤和叶片中相应的中微量元素含量;烤烟的经济效益也随之得到提高。从试验长势看,所有试验中微肥都比对照好,喷施比基施表现要好,基施中硼、钼、锌、镁表现比较好,喷施中硼、钼、镁、钾+钼、钾+锌表现最好;从烘烤质量上看,不论基施的还是喷施的钼都表现得最好。  相似文献   

稀土微肥在农作物中的作用机理     

黄粮山 《北京农业》2012,(9):80

介绍微肥的定义和微肥在农作物生长过程中的作用,综述稀土微肥在农作物中作用机理的研究。  相似文献   

离子强度和磷酸盐对铁铝矿物及土壤吸附As（V）的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

吴萍萍  曾希柏  李莲芳  白玲玉 《农业环境科学学报》2012,31(3):498-503

选用针铁矿、赤铁矿、水铁矿、水铝矿4种铁铝矿物以及性质差异较大的黑土、紫色土和红壤3种土壤,研究离子强度和磷酸盐对其吸附As(V)的影响。结果表明,在0.01、0.1、1mol.L-13种离子强度下,矿物和土壤对As(V)的吸附量无明显差异或随离子强度增大而增大,其对砷的吸附以专性吸附为主。磷酸盐对矿物和土壤吸附砷的影响与其添加顺序及摩尔浓度比有关。水铝矿和水铁矿在这3种添加顺序下的砷吸附量无明显差异,仅在P/As摩尔比较大时表现出下降趋势;而在针铁矿和赤铁矿两种矿物上,先添加砷时的砷吸附量高于先添加磷时或两者同时添加时,且砷吸附量随P/As摩尔比的增加而逐渐下降。在黑土、紫色土和红壤上,先添加砷比先添加磷或两者同时添加时的砷吸附量均要高,尤其是在紫色土上。随P/As摩尔比升高,土壤对砷的吸附量表现出下降趋势。  相似文献   

微量元素水溶肥料在夏玉米上的施用效果   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

韩效钊  邵园芳  邱宁宁  许诺  韩宗友  孔祥云  杨赛 《湖北农业科学》2012,(2):238-239

在夏玉米全生育期间,进行叶面喷施"翠兰春"牌微量元素水溶肥料田间试验。结果表明,喷施"翠兰春"牌微量元素水溶肥料可促进夏玉米增产,提高经济效益。与同时喷施等量等次清水对照相比,增产率为7.3%;与空白对照相比,增产率为7.8%;每公顷增加纯收入942.92元。  相似文献