芒果采后主要真菌性病害及防治方法研究进展     

王晶  潘翠萍  袁怀瑜  王艺月  李华佳  汪开拓 《保鲜与加工》2024,24(5):124-130

芒果是热带、亚热带重要经济作物之一,因其独特的口感和丰富的营养价值深受消费者喜爱。由于芒果采收期正值高温多雨季节、果实采后生理代谢旺盛、采收难度大,采后运输、贮藏过程中易遭受真菌的侵染,成为限制芒果产业发展的重要因素。为防治芒果采后真菌性病害,国内外学者对芒果采后防治技术进行了研究与开发。对炭疽病、蒂腐病和曲霉病3种芒果采后主要真菌性病害的症状、危害、病原菌和发生条件进行了综述,总结了芒果采后真菌性病害的防治方法,并对芒果采后病害防治方法进行了展望,为芒果采后真菌性病害防治技术的发展提供理论基础。  相似文献   

转Bt基因作物毒素在土壤中降解特性的研究进展     

刘玉荣  付庆灵  梁巍  蔡鹏  胡红青 《湖北农业科学》2006,45(3):377-381

总结了国内外转Bt基因作物在土壤中降解特性的研究结果,讨论了土壤有机、无机组分与毒素蛋白的关系,阐明了转基因毒素蛋白在土壤中的降解与影响因素,揭示了转Bt基因作物在土壤中降解的生态环境效应,并提出了今后应深入研究的问题和方向.  相似文献   

鱼类栖息地保护技术研究进展     

洪玉珍  孟顺龙  陈家长 《农学学报》2023,13(3):82-87

为进一步促进鱼类栖息地保护与修复工作的深入开展以及保护技术的推广应用,综述了国内外鱼类栖息地评估方法和保护与修复技术的发展概况,归纳了常用的鱼类栖息地评估方法,总结了鱼类栖息地保护与修复项目中运用的技术,分析了现有保护措施存在的问题,提出了较全面的鱼类栖息地评估方法和修复措施的建议,以期为从事鱼类栖息地保护与修复工作的技术人员提供技术参考。  相似文献   

Development and identification of glyphosate-tolerant transgenic soybean via direct selection with glyphosate          下载免费PDF全文

GUO Bing-fu  HONG Hui-long  HAN Jia-nan  ZHANG Li-juan  LIU Zhang-xiong  GUO Yong  QIU Li-juan 《农业科学学报》2020,19(5):1186-1196

Glyphosate-tolerant soybean is the most widely planted genetically modified crop worldwide. However, soybean remains recalcitrant to routine transformation because of the low infection efficiency of Agrobacterium to soybean and lack of useful selectable markers. In this study, several Agrobacterium strains and cell densities were compared by transient expression of the GUS gene. The results showed that Agrobacterium strain Ag10 at cell densities of OD_(600) of 0.6–0.9 yielded the highest infection efficiency in Agrobacterium-mediated soybean cotyledonary node transformation system. Meanwhile, a simple and rapid method was developed for identification of glyphosate tolerance in putative T_0 transgenic plants, consisting of spotting plantlets with 1 μL Roundup~?. The whole cycle of genetic transformation could be shortened to about 3 mon by highly efficient selection with glyphosate during the transformation process and application of the spot assay in putative T_0 transgenic plantlets. The transformation frequency ranged from 2.9 to 5.6%. This study provides an improved protocol for development and identification of glyphosate-tolerant transgenic soybeans.  相似文献   

Effect of three insect-resistant maizes expressing Cry1Ie,Cry1Ab/Cry2Aj and Cry1Ab on the growth and development of armyworm Mythimna separata(Walker)          下载免费PDF全文

SU Hong-hua  JIANG Tao  SUN Yu  GU Hui-jie  WU Jiao-jiao  YANG Yi-zhong 《农业科学学报》2020,19(7):1842-1849

Three transgenic maize events(IE09 S034, Shuangkang 12–5 and C0030.3.5) produced Cry1 Ie, Cry1 Ab/Cry2 Aj and G10-EPSPS, Cry1 Ab and EPSPS, respectively, all of which target the Asian corn borer. The oriental armyworm Mythimna separata(Walker) is the secondary target. In this study, the effects of the three Bt maizes on the development and survival of armyworm were studied. The results showed that IE09 S034 had insecticidal activity against 1 st instar larvae, and the survival rate of armyworm fed with Bt maize for 10 days was 46.2%, significantly lower than that of the control. The larvae at 3 rd–6 th instar were more tolerant of the Bt toxin than the early instar larvae. However, Shuangkang 12-5 had good insecticidal activity against 1 st–5 th instar larvae. The mortality was nearly 100% when the larvae were fed with Shuangkang 12-5 before 3 rd instar, and the toxin had quick-acting efficacy. This event significantly inhibited the development of armyworm; that is, the larval duration of the 3 rd and 4 th instar larvae fed with Shuangkang 12-5 was prolonged by 4.5 and 3.0 days, respectively. The pupal weight and egg number were also significantly lower than those of the control. For C0030.3.5, it could control 1 st–5 th instar larvae effectively. The mortality rates were all over 50% if 1 st–3 rd larvae were fed with this event. The pupal weight of 4 th–6 th instar larvae fed with Bt maize were only 53.9, 56.8 and 54.6%, respectively, compared to that of the control. The number of eggs laid was significantly less than the control. The results indicate that all three transgenic maize events exhibit the potential to provide effective control of early instar larvae of armyworm, which can be commercialized in future to control lepidoptera pests such as Asian corn borer and armyworm.  相似文献   

花粉管通道法转化荔枝的初步研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王树军  孙进华  李焕苓  王果  李芳  王家保 《热带作物学报》2020,41(2):252-257

为开拓荔枝转基因育种新途径,以GUS基因作为报告基因,用花粉管通道法转化授粉后24 h的‘新球蜜荔’荔枝雌花,并统计座果率、成苗率、转化率。结果显示：共获得303株实生苗,经PCR检测和GUS染色法证实外源基因整合到4株荔枝苗基因组中,转化率为1.32%。此研究结果为荔枝生物技术育种提供了一种简单有效的途径。  相似文献   

转Bt基因棉田棉铃虫对气候变暖与集约化种植的不对称响应   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

崔洪莹  赵紫华 《植物保护学报》2020,47(4):912-919

为明确全球气候变暖及农业集约化对转Bt基因棉田棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera种群发生的影响,通过收集1987—2017年我国山东、河南及河北3省的棉花种植面积、棉铃虫发生面积及年平均温度,采用单因素方差分析法及广义线性模型分析比较转Bt基因棉花推广前后棉田棉铃虫种群的发生程度,分析棉铃虫的为害指数。结果显示,转Bt基因棉花推广前,山东、河南和河北3省的棉铃虫在严重发生年份的为害指数较轻微发生年份均显著增加,分别增加了1.01倍、2.03倍和69.33%;温度距平具有同样的趋势,严重发生年份的温度距平较轻微发生年份分别显著增加了1.91倍、2.33倍和2.29倍。转Bt基因棉花推广后,山东、河南和河北3省的棉铃虫在严重发生年份的为害指数较轻微发生年份仍显著增加,分别增加了1.47倍、1.92倍和1.25倍;温度距平表现出相反的趋势,轻微发生年份的温度距平较严重发生年份分别增加了2.00倍、1.94倍和2.01倍;而河南省和河北省在棉铃虫严重发生年份的棉花种植面积较轻微发生年份分别显著增加了75.94%及38.92%。表明转Bt基因棉花种植后显著改变了棉铃虫对全球气候变暖的响应,气候变暖降低了棉铃虫的为害指数,而棉花集约化种植增加了棉铃虫的为害指数。非转基因棉田的棉铃虫受自然因素的影响,转Bt基因棉田的棉铃虫受自然及人为因素的双重影响。  相似文献   

中国野生毛葡萄芪合酶基因VqSTS11和VqSTS23调控抗白粉病的研究     

赵凯茜  丁茜  王跃进 《园艺学报》2020,47(7):1264-1276

利用同源克隆法得到抗白粉病的中国野生毛葡萄‘丹凤–2’芪合酶基因VqSTS11和VqSTS23的开放阅读框,并构建过表达载体;通过器官发生途径诱导不抗白粉病的欧洲葡萄‘无核白’分生愈伤组织并采用农杆菌介导法对其进行转化;经过PCR检测和Western blot鉴定,获得了5株VqSTS11超量表达植株和3株VqSTS23超量表达植株;人工接种白粉菌发现,转基因植株中白粉菌菌丝生长速度慢,孢子萌发受到一定的抑制,并且转基因植株中芪合酶基因相对表达量升高,抗病相关基因表达上调,芪类物质含量积累增多。本研究结果进一步证明中国野生毛葡萄‘丹凤–2’芪合酶基因VqSTS11和VqSTS23对白粉菌具有抗性,‘丹凤–2’可以为改良欧洲葡萄品种抗病性提供抗病基因,作为抗病育种的资源。  相似文献   

建兰花叶病毒和齿兰环斑病毒的检测技术及脱毒方法研究进展     

王仁睿  李杰 《中国农学通报》2020,36(11):56-62

为了弄清目前建兰花叶病毒(CymMV)和齿兰环斑病毒(ORSV)病毒检测和脱毒的研究概况,本研究详细阐述了2种病毒的检测方法、采用的脱毒技术和脱毒效率,分析比较了不同技术存在的弊端,指出现有的脱毒方法已不能满足兰科植物脱毒研究的需要。在此基础上,进一步提出应采用安全、可靠的新型脱毒技术来解决目前兰科植物产业瓶颈问题。超低温脱毒技术是近年来发展迅速的脱毒技术,具有独特优势,目前已在多种植物上成功应用,该方法的应用有望解决2种病毒脱毒方面存在的问题。  相似文献   

水稻种子总RNA提取质量问题的探究     

谢月兰  崔欢  王长龙  陈志强  肖武名 《中国农学通报》2020,36(29):37-46

水稻种子总RNA提取在水稻分子遗传基础实验中起着非常重要的作用,然而,高质量水稻种子RNA的获取难度高,极大阻碍了cDNA文库构建、RNA-Seq和基因表达分析等相关研究工作的开展和深入。为了探讨水稻种子总RNA提取的相关影响因素,寻找合适的水稻种子总RNA提取方式,本研究通过比较Trizol法、GeneMark试剂盒法和艾德莱试剂盒法3种不同的提取方式、不同的耗材处理方法、研磨方式等不同因素改进水稻种子总RNA的提取效果。不同的检测结果显示,艾德莱多糖多酚提取试剂盒能够提取到28S、18S条带完整、降解少和纯度高的水稻种子总RNA;不同耗材处理方法中,蛋白酶K处理过的耗材提取的总RNA比另外两种方法处理过的耗材提取的总RNA降解更少,28S和18S条带更清晰和完整、总RNA质量最高、效果最好;而研磨方式上,液氮冷冻研磨法能够有效抑制RNA酶对RNA的降解。本研究对水稻种子RNA提取过程相关因素的分析和改进,为促进以水稻种子为研究对象的分子实验奠定了一定的技术基础。  相似文献